小麦、玉米两熟区小麦纹枯病菌群体组成及其农田分布特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.16.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Wheat sharp eyespot (WSE) occurs seriously in wheat and maize double cropping system with straw returning to field in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces. The objective of this study is to determine the disease occurrence, pathogen population structure and the farmland distribution characteristics of dominant pathogen by extensive investigation, and to provide a basis for the WSE control.【Method】The random five-point sampling method was used to investigate the occurrence degree of WSE in wheat and maize double cropping system with straw returning to field in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces. The population characteristics of Rhizoctonia isolates were identified by nuclear staining, hyphal fusion reaction and rDNA sequence analysis. The pathogenicity of 120 R. cerealis strains was determined by pot experiment, and the distribution characteristics of R. cerealis in the field of wheat and maize double cropping system were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.【Result】The occurrence degree of WSE from serious to light was in the order of Henan, Shandong and Hebei. There were 421 binucleate R. cerealis strains and 24 multinucleate R. sonalis strains collected from 72 collection sites of 11 different ecological regions in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces, which could be divided into four types: AG-D, AG-B (0), AG-2 and AG-5 fusion groups, accounting for 91.91%, 2.70%, 3.82% and 1.57% of the total number of tested strains, respectively. According to the disease index of Shixin 828, Jimai 22 and Zhoumai 22, the 120 tested strains could be divided into five pathogenic types: VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4 and VT5. The disease indexes of each type were 44.0, 39.4, 34.2, 29.6 and 27.2 in turn, respectively. Among them, most of the strains from the wheat region in Henan Province had the strongest pathogenicity, and those collected from the wheat region in Hebei Province was the weakest. During the whole growth stage of wheat, the content of R. cerealis increased first and then decreased in overground and root systems. The amount of R. cerealis in the shoot was the lowest at the three-leaf stage, and the highest at the rising stage, with the value of 3 774.60 ng DNA/g fresh tissue. The amount of R. cerealis in the roots reached the peak at the jointing stage. The growth rate of R. cerealis amount was the fastest from the three-leaf stage to the tillering stage. The increase of R. cerealis content in the aboveground parts and roots of wheat was up to 28.17 and 17.26 times, respectively. The amount of R. cerealis increased gradually in rhizosphere soil of wheat and in the shoots of maize. In the rhizosphere soil of maize, the content decreased first and then increased, and the lowest at the tasseling stage was 170.6 ng DNA/g dry soil.【Conclusion】The most serious degree of WSE occurs in wheat area in Henan Province, followed by Shandong and Hebei. The strong pathogenicity of dinucleus R. cerealis is the dominant pathogen in the three wheat areas, the amount of which increases the fastest from the three-leaf stage to the tillering stage, and the relative content in wheat straw is the highest and that in maize straw is the lowest. In the process of crushing returning-straw and at wheat seedling stage before the winter, the monitoring and control of WSE should be strengthened.

Key words: wheat sharp eyespot, Rhizoctonia cerealis, population composition, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, distribution characteristics

ZHAO XuSheng,QI YongZhi,ZHEN WenChao. Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Wheat Sharp Eyespot in Wheat and Maize Double Cropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(16): 3269-3279.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Nucleolus number and distribution of 445 Rhizoctonia strains on wheat in different ecological regions"

省份 Province	采样点 Collection site	数量Number		采样点 Collection site	数量Number		采样点 Collection site	数量Number
省份 Province	采样点 Collection site	B	M	采样点 Collection site	B	M	采样点 Collection site	B	M
河北 Hebei	临漳杜村 Du V, Linzhang C	10	2	广平胜营镇 Shengying T, Guangping C	10	2	望都高岭乡 Gaoling T, Wangdu C	5	0
	馆陶房寨镇 Fangzhai T, Guantao C	12	0	威县章台镇 Zhangtai T, Wei C	8	1	磁县白土镇 Baitu T, Ci C	8	1
	青县金牛镇 Jinniu T, Qing C	8	1	大名孙村镇 Suncun T, Daming C	7	0	临城东镇乡 Dongzhen T, Lincheng C	11	0
	饶阳五公镇 Wugong T, Raoyang C	9	0	成安商城镇 Shangcheng T, Cheng’an C	11	0	安平马店镇 Madian T, Anping C	6	2
	宁晋凤凰镇 Fenghuang T, Ningjin C	4	1	定州杨家庄乡 Yangjiazhuang T, Dingzhou C	6	1	赵县东杨村 Dongyang V, Zhao C	6	1
	隆尧东良乡 Dongliang T, Longyao C	8	0	藁城长安镇 Chang’an T, Gaocheng C	6	0	辛集前营乡 Qianying T, Xinji C	5	0
	清苑李庄乡 Lizhuang T, Qingyuan C	6	0	博野小王乡 Xiaowang T, Boye C	7	1	安新寨里乡 Zhaili T, Anxin C	4	0
	玉田虹桥镇 Hongqiao T, Yutian C	8	0	丰南孙庄乡 Sunzhuang T, Fengnan C	5	0	滦南程庄镇 Chengzhuang T, Luannan C	5	0
	乐亭王滩镇 Wangtan T, Laoting C	4	0
山东 Shandong	德州辛庄乡 Xinzhuang T, Dezhou C	12	0	聊城赵庄乡 Zhaozhuang T, Liaocheng C	11	0	烟台观水镇 Guanshui T, Yantai C	9	0
	淄博场口村 Changkou V, Zibo C	8	1	泰安大津口乡 Dajinkou T, Taian C	8	2	蓬莱刘家沟镇 Liujiagou T, Penglai C	7	0
	诸城李子园村 Liziyuan V, Zhucheng C	5	0	商河沙河镇 Shahe T, Shanghe C	5	0	费县新埠村 Xinbu V, Fei C	4	0
	肥城潮泉镇 Chaoquan T, Feicheng C	9	0	蒙阴联城镇 Liancheng T, Mengyin C	4	1	莱芜和庄镇 Hezhuang T, Laiwu C	6	0
	高青青城镇 Qingcheng T, Gaoqing C	5	0	平阴安城镇 Ancheng T, Pingyin C	9	0	沾化下河乡 Xiahe T, Zhanhua C	5	0
	阳信河流镇 Heliu T, Yangxin C	5	0	陵县陵城镇 Lingcheng T, Ling C	4	0	利津明集乡 Mingji T, Lijin C	7	0
	单县莱河镇 Laihe T, Shan C	4	0	菏泽吴楼乡 Wulou T, Heze C	4	0	临沭朱村 Zhu V, Linshu C	3	0
	临沂朱家庄 Zhujiazhuang V, Linyi C	4	0	平邑铜石镇 Tongshi T, Pingyi C	3	0	济宁陈庄村 Chenzhuang V, Jining C	8	0
河南 Henan	新乡小王庄 Xiaowang V, Xinxiang C	5	1	孟县化工镇 Huagong T, Meng C	6	0	范县辛庄乡 Xinzhuang T, Fan C	5	0
	濮阳八公桥镇 Bagongqiao T, Puyang C	4	0	新乡八里畈镇 Balifan T, Xinxiang C	6	0	新乡七里营镇 Qiliying T, Xinxiang C	6	1
	原阳师寨镇 Shizhai T, Yuanyang C	5	0	温县农场 Farm of Wen County	4	0	封丘司庄乡 Sizhuang T, Fengqiu C	3	0
	民权王桥镇 Wangqiao T, Minquan C	8	0	洛阳庞村镇 Pangcun T, Luoyang C	7	1	巩义米河镇 Mihe T, Gongyi C	4	1
	鲁山马楼乡 Malou T, Lushan C	4	0	周口城关乡 Chengguan T, Zhoukou C	4	1	商水许庙村 Xumiao V, Shangshui C	8	0
	西平环城乡 Huancheng T, Xiping C	6	1
	正阳王庄乡 Wangzhuang T, Zhengyang C	4	0	光山七里镇 Qili T, Guangshan C	5	0	固始汪棚镇 Wangpeng T, Gushi C	6	0
	信阳郝堂村 Haotang V, Xinyang C	3	1	固始泉河铺乡 Quanhepu T, Gushi C	6	0	南召小店乡 Xiaodian T, Nanzhao C	3	0
	南阳马山口镇 Mashankou T, Nanyang C	5	0

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

References 29

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省份 Province	生态区 Ecological region	发病率 Incidence rate (%)	发病率平均值 Mean of incidence rate (%)	病情指数 Disease index	病情指数平均值 Mean of disease index
河北 Hebei	黑龙港平原 Heilonggang Plain	32.7±2.6bc	21.9±1.8c	10.8±0.9c	7.8±0.6c
	山前平原 Piedmont Plain	22.5±1.8d		8.5±0.7d
	冀东平原 Eastern Hebei Plain	10.4±0.9e		4.1±0.3e
山东 Shandong	山东半岛 Shandong Peninsula	30.9±2.5c	34.7±2.8b	11.8±0.6c	11.6±0.6b
	中部 Middle Shandong	35.7±2.9bc		13.5±0.9ab
	西北部 Northwest Shandong	30.4±2.6c		9.7±0.8d
	西南部 Southwest Shandong	38.1±3.1ab		11.7±0.7c
河南 Henan	南部 Southern Henan	43.5±3.6a	42.0±3.3a	15.8±1.3a	13.4±1.1a
	中南部 Mid-south Henan	42.7 ± 2.5a		14.4±1.2a
	中北部 Mid-north Henan	44.6±3.7a		13.7±1.1ab
	北部 Northern Henan	38.7±3.0ab		12.1±0.9bc

省份 Province	病情指数Disease index			平均值±标准差 Mean±SD
省份 Province	石新828 Shixin 828	济麦22 Jimai 22	周麦22 Zhoumai 22	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD
河北Hebei	40.2±3.2a	36.3±3.2a	30.1±2.0b	35.6±2.9c
山东Shandong	46.4±2.2a	40.3±3.1b	36.0±2.4b	40.9±2.6b
河南Henan	52.7±2.0a	45.7±2.6b	40.2±2.0c	46.2±2.3a

Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Wheat Sharp Eyespot in Wheat and Maize Double Cropping System

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[8]	. Expression Analysis and Establishment of Regeneration System of Oleate Desaturase Gene in Peanut [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(5): 1827-1832 .
[9]	NIAN Si-ji,YUAN Qing,YIN You-ping,CAI Jun,WANG Zhong-kang . Detection of Tilletia controversa Kühn by Real Time Quantitative PCR [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(12): 4403-4410 .