Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 951-958.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.05.018

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCERE·SOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Variation of Pathogens, Parasites and Symbionts in Migratory Honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica)

LIU Shan1, WANG LiuHao1, GUO Jun1,2, LI JiLian1, XU LongLong1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093; 2College of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500
  • Received:2016-10-19 Online:2017-03-01 Published:2017-03-01

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Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study are to examine the occurrence and prevalence of viruses and parasites in migratory honeybees, Apis mellifera ligustica, and to analyze the variation of two main symbiotic bacteria Gilliamella apicola and Snodgrassella alvi.【Method】The virus and parasite infections were detected by RT-PCR in the same colony of A. m. ligustica at different migratory locations. The infection rate of virus and parasite in different regions and seasons were analyzed by chi-square test. The honey bee β-actin gene was selected as the reference gene, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to explore the quantity variation of symbiotic bacteria G. apicola and S. alvi in the different regions, and the Kendall Rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the rate of pathogen infection and the quantity of symbiotic bacteria.【Result】In the seven regions, three viruses were found: Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and deformed wing virus (DWV). The infection rates of IAPV and BQCV were higher in all regions, and the difference was significant among different regions. DWV infection rate was relatively low, and the infection rate among different regions was extremely significant. Nosema apis was not detected in all the samples. N. ceranae was detected in four regions and the infection rate was extremely significant among different regions. N. bombi was detected in all regions and the infection rate among different regions was significant. The results showed that the infection rates of IAPV was not significantly different in different seasons, but the DWV, BQCV, N. bombi and N. ceranae infection rates had significant differences in different seasons, and the infection rate in spring and summer was significantly higher than that in autumn and winter. The qPCR result showed that G. apicola and S. alvi were detected in all migratory beekeeping periods, and the difference of the two symbiotic bacteria in different regions was extremely significant. There was a significant negative correlation between the prevalence of S. alvi and IAPV. 【Conclusion】The results showed that IAPV, BQCV, DWV and microsporidia are prevalent in the migratory colonies. The infection rate of bee pathogens and the quantity of symbiotic bacteria are significantly different among different geographical areas; there are negative correlations between the incidence of some pathogens and the quantity of some symbiotic bacteria; migratory beekeeping has negative impacts on worker longevity and colony health.

Key words: migratory beekeeping, Apis melliferaligustica, pathogens, symbiotic bacteria, quantitative PCR

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