施氮量对不同肥力土壤氮素转化及其利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.13.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to research the effect of different nitrogen (N) application rates on soil labile N pools transformations (soil mineral N-SMN; soil soluble N-SSON; soil microbial biomass N-SMBN) and N use efficiency in soils after application of N fertilizer at wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) booting stage. 【Method】 A pot experiment with ¹⁵N isotopic tracer technique was conducted to study the soil labile N pools and the effect of supply N in different fertilization managements for 37 years (poor soil-NF: no application of fertilizer; low fertility soil-LF: inorganic fertilizer; moderate fertility soil-MF: low rate of organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer; high fertility soil-HF: high rate of organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer) after application of three different application rates of N (N0: 0, N1: 135 kg·hm^-2, N2: 180 kg·hm^-2) in soil and their relationships. 【Result】 SMN and SSON were the highest in the N1 treatment and then decreased with the application rate of N, but SMBN performed opposite tendency with the application rate of N, they were firstly decreased and then increased, and the highest in the N2 treatment. In the same application rate of N, SMN and SSON generally decreased in the order: high fertility soil＞moderate fertility soil＞low fertility soil＞poor soil, while SMBN generally decreased in the order: high fertility soil＞moderate fertility soil＞poor soil＞low fertility soil (P＜0.05). The increased amplitude of SMN, SSON and SMBN after addition of N into soils with different fertilities were the highest in the low fertility soil treatments, and were the lowest in the high fertility soil treatments. The soil N supply, NUE, N uptake by wheat and assimilated 15N-labeled fertilizer generally decreased in the order: high fertility soil＞moderate fertility soil＞low fertility soil＞poor soil (P＜0.05), respectively. The percentage of N from ammonium sulfate fertilizer by wheat to total N uptake by wheat generally decreased in the order: low fertility soil＞moderate fertility soil＞high fertility soil＞poor soil (P＜0.05). In the same soil fertility, the soil N supply, NUE, N uptake by wheat and assimilated ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer were firstly decreased and then increased with the application rate of N, and were the highest in the N1 treatment (P＜0.05), as a whole, N from ammonium sulfate fertilizer by wheat/total N uptake ratio averaged 44%; meanwhile, the loss of 15N-labeled fertilizer generally decreased in the order: poor soil＞low fertility soil＞moderate fertility soil＞high fertility soil (P＜0.05). Furthermore, significant positive relationships were found between soil labile N pools and the soil N supply, NUE, N uptake by wheat and assimilated ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 In this experiment, appropriate application rate of N fertilizer (N3, 135 kg·hm^-2) in high fertility soil is beneficial to soil labile N pools transformations and has a high ability to synchronize the relationship between soil N supply and N requirements of crops, and increased the NUE, decreased the loss of fertilizer, so it may be an effective strategy for maintaining long-term soil fertility.

Key words: application rate of N, different fertility soils, soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, soil microbial biomass N, N use efficiency

YANG Xin-yi, LIU Xiao-hu, HAN Xiao-ri. Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates in Different Fertility Soils on Soil N Transformations and N Use Efficiency Under Different Fertilization Managements[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(13): 2561-2571.

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Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates in Different Fertility Soils on Soil N Transformations and N Use Efficiency Under Different Fertilization Managements

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