避雨栽培对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊飞散时空动态的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.10.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is the most serious disease in grape. Severe yield losses are caused wherever the weather during the growing season is humid and rainy. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of rain-shelter cultivation on airborne sporangia of P. viticola, define the relationship between airborne sporangia and changes of disease index, reveal the control of rain-shelter on the pathogen source, determine the control of rain-shelter on the pathogen source, analyze the primary infection sourced under the cultivation and provide a basis for formulating comprehensive control of the disease. 【Method】Form July to September during 2013, the diseased leaf and disease index on the same shoots were investigated under rain-shelter and open-field cultivation, respectively. The data were used to fit the regression models of dynamic of grape downy mildew under the two cultivations by regression curve estimation in SPSS19.0, the epidemic phases and rate of the disease were derived based on the data. The sporangia of P. viticola were investigated under rain-shelter and open-field cultivation. The dynamics of airborne sporangia were compared under two different cultivations, the relationship between airborne sporangia and changes of disease index in the key epidemic phase were analyzed. The main source of sporangia in the key epidemic phase and the main influence factors of airborne sporangia were cleared by comparing the effect of rain-shelter on the horizontal and vertical sporangia dispersal. 【Result】The seasonal epidemic curves of grape downy mildew under rain-shelter and open air cultivation were typical single peak S curve. The logistic model could reflect the temporal dynamic of grape downy mildew well by using SPSS19.0. The epidemic phases under the two cultivations, the exponential phases were from July 5th to July 23rd and August 18th to August 30th. The logistic phases were from July 23rd to August 19th and from August 30th to September 17th. The degenerating phases were from August 19th to the end of grape growing season and September 17th to the end of grape growing season. The seasonal airborne sporangia under open-field cultivation were a multi-peak curve. The daily rainfall had significant effects on the concentration of airborne sporangia. The peak periods were July to August and August to September under the two cultivations. Rain-shelter cultivation significantly reduced the number of airborne sporangia, thereby reduced the contact probability of sporangia and grape leaves in shelter facilities, and achieved the goal of reducing basic number of germs. Sporangia were trapped earliest on border row of the shelter facilities. The first trapped time delayed, and the concentration of airborne sporangia diminished with the closer to the center. Grape leaf canopy had significant barrier on airborne sporangia in horizontal direction. The concentration of airborne sporangia diminished with the increase of height under the two cultivations. There was a significant barrier effect of rain-shelter facilities on the airborne sporangia close to the roof. 【Conclusion】The first visibility of the disease and the first trapped time of airborne sporangia were significantly delayed, the epidemic process of the disease and cycle of airborne sporangia were significantly shortened, epidemic degree of the disease and airborne concentration of sporangia were significantly reduced by rain-shelter facilities. There were significantly barrier effects on both rain-shelter facilities and grape canopy. The sporangia matured on the spot under open-field cultivation, discharged in rain and dispersed with airflow, finally provided main inocula for the epidemic of the disease under rain-shelter cultivation.

Key words: Plasmopara viticola, rain-shelter cultivation, airborne sporangia, temporal and spatial dynamic

YU Shu-yi, LIU Chang-yuan, WANG Hui, LIU Li, GUAN Tian-shu. Effect of Rain-Shelter Cultivation on Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Airborne Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(10): 1892-1902.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.10.006

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2016/V49/I10/1892

References

[1] Farlow W G. The American grape-vine mildew. Bulletin of the Bussey Institute, 1876, 1: 423.

[2] 赵奎华. 葡萄病虫害原色图鉴. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005: 6-11.

Zhao K H. A Color Atlas of Grape Diseases and Pests. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005: 6-11. (in Chinese)

[3] 李华. 葡萄病虫害的合理防治. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 2004: 22-27.

Li H. Rational Protection of Vineyard. Xi’an: Shaanxi People’s Press, 2004: 22-27. (in Chinese)

[4] 柴寿. 巨峰葡萄栽培. 王化忠, 译. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1987: 156-183.

Chai S. Kyoho Grape Cultivation (Japanese). Wang H Z, Translated. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1987: 156-183. (in Chinese)

[5] Meng J F, Ning P F, Xu T F, Zhang Z W. Effect of rain-shelter cultivation of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Gernischet on the phenolic profile of berry skins and the incidence of grape diseases. Molecules, 2013, 18: 381-397.

[6] 杜飞, 朱书生, 王海宁, 何霞红, 杨敏, 邓维萍, 陈尧, 李成云, 朱有勇. 不同避雨栽培模式对葡萄主要病害的防治效果和植株冠层温湿度的影响. 云南农业大学学报, 2011, 26(2): 177-184.

Du F, Zhu S S, Wang H N, He X H, Yang M, Deng W P, Chen Y, Li C Y, Zhu Y Y. Effect of different rain-shelter cultivation modes on main grapevine diseases control and temperature and relative humidity of canopy. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2011, 26(2): 177-184. (in Chinese)

[7] 周益林, 黄幼玲, 段霞瑜. 植物病原菌监测方法和技术. 植物保护, 2007, 33(3): 20-23.

Zhou Y L, Huang Y L, Duan X Y. Methods and techniques of monitoring of plant pathogens. Plant Protection, 2007, 33(3): 20-23. (in Chinese)

[8] 梁春浩, 赵奎华, 刘长远, 关天舒, 王辉, 李柏宏. 简易避雨设施减轻葡萄霜霉病发生试验. 中国果树, 2010(5): 43-45.

Liang C H, Zhao K H, Liu C Y, Guan T S, Wang H, Li B H. The simple shelter test facilities to reduce grape downy mildew. China Fruits, 2010(5): 43-45. (in Chinese)

[9] 王学娟, 徐冬梅, 王秀芹, 黄卫东. 避雨栽培对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实品质影响的对比研究. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(29): 114-118.

Wang X J, Xu D M, Wang X Q, Huang W D. The comparative study of rain-shelter on fruit quality of Cabernet sauvignon. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(29): 114-118. (in Chinese)

[10] 孙其宝, 王伦, 俞飞飞, 孙俊, 陆丽娟. 葡萄避雨设施栽培及配套技术研究进展. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(18): 4560-4561.

Sun Q B, Wang L, Yu F F, Sun J, Lu L J. Research advances in grape rain-shelter cultivation and its matching technique. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2006, 34(18): 4560-4561. (in Chinese)

[11] Du F, Deng W P, Yang M, Wang H N, Mao R Z, Shao J H, Fan J X, Chen Y D, Fu Y, Li C Y, He X H, Zhu Y Y, Zhu S S. Protecting grapevines from rainfall in rainy conditions reduces disease severity and enhances profitability. Crop Protection, 2015, 67: 261-268.

[12] Detoni A M, Clemente E, Fornari C. Productivity and quality of grape “Cabernet Sauvignon” produced in organic sistem under plastic covering. Revieta Brasileira de Fruticultura,2007, 29(3): 530-534.

[13] 于舒怡, 刘长远, 梁春浩, 刘丽, 关天舒, 王辉, 臧超群. 避雨栽培对葡萄霜霉病发生和流行的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2013, 44(6): 754-760.

Yu S Y, Liu C Y, Liang C H, Liu L, Guan T S, Wang H, Zang C Q. Effects of rain-shelter cultivation on the occurrence and epidemic of grape downy mildew. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2013, 44(6): 754-760. (in Chinese)

[14] 于舒怡, 刘长远, 傅俊范, 王辉, 关天舒, 刘丽. 露地和避雨栽培模式下葡萄苗木霜霉病病株空间分布型及其抽样技术. 果树学报, 2015, 32(4): 720-726.

Yu S Y, Liu C Y, Fu J F, Wang H, Guan T S, Liu L. Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique for grapevine downy mildew in grape seedling under open air and rain-shelter cultivations. Journal of Fruit Science, 2015, 32(4): 720-726. (in Chinese)

[15] 马占鸿. 植病流行学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 62-64.

Ma Z H. Plant Disease Epidemiology. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 62-64. (in Chinese)

[16] 农业部农药检定所生测室. 农药田间药效试验准则(二) 第122部分: 杀菌剂防治葡萄霜霉病. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004.

Pesticides Institute, Ministry of Agriculture. Pesticide- Guidelines for the Field Efficacy Trials (Ⅱ)- Part 122: Fungicides against Downy Mildew of Grape. Beijing: Chinese Standards Press, 2004. (in Chinese)

[17] 方中达. 植病研究方法. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998: 349-350.

Fang Z D. Plant Disease Research Methods. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998: 349-350. (in Chinese)

[18] 董向丽, 高月娥, 李保华, 雍道敬, 王彩霞, 李桂舫, 李宝笃. 苹果褐斑病在山东半岛中部的周年流行动态. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(3): 479-487.

Dong X L, Gao Y E, Li B H, Yong D J, Wang C X, Li G F, Li B D. Epidemic dynamics of apple Marssonina leaf blotch over whole growth season in the central area of Shandong Peninsula. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(3): 479-487. (in Chinese)

[19] 王海燕. 河南小麦白粉病逐年春季流行时间动态. 植物保护学报, 2000, 27(3): 238-242.

Wang H Y. Temporal dynamic of annual epidemic of wheat powdery mildew in Henan. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 2000, 27(3): 238-242. (in Chinese)

[20] 周如军, 徐喆, 王大洲, 杨凤艳, 薛彩云, 傅俊范. 辽宁花生褐斑病发生及时间流行动态模型研究. 中国油料作物学报, 2014, 36(4): 533-537.

Zhou R J, Xu Z, Wang D Z, Yang S Y, Xue C Y, Fu J F. Occurrence and epidemic dynamics of early leaf spot of peanut in Liaoning Province. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2014, 36(4): 533-537. (in Chinese)

[21] Lalancette N, Madden L V, Ellis M A. A quantitative model for describing the sporulation of Plasmopara viticola on grape leaves. Phytopathology, 1988, 78(10): 1316-1321.

[22] 王艳红, 姜兆远, 温嘉伟, 黄福杰, 见德宝, 杨信东. 普通型玉米锈病菌孢子飞散、传播及空间分布研究. 玉米科学, 2008, 16(3): 117-120.

Wang Y H, Jiang Z Y, Wen J W, Huang F J, Jian D B, Yang X D. Studies on spores flying disease gradient and space distribution of corn common rust. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2008, 16(3): 117-120. (in Chinese)

[23] 周益林, 段霞瑜, 程登发. 利用移动式孢子捕捉器捕获的孢子量估计小麦白粉病田间病情. 植物病理学报, 2007, 37(3): 307-309.

Zhou Y L, Duan X Y, Cheng D F. Estimation of disease severity of wheat powdery mildew by using data of pathogen spore trap. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2007, 37(3): 307-309. (in Chinese)

[24] 吉丽丽, 李海强, 任毓忠, 祁立敏, 赵宝龙, 李国英, 李春. 葡萄霜霉菌孢子囊扩散动态及与田间病情的相关性. 果树学报, 2012, 29(1): 94-98.

Ji L L, Li H Q, Ren Y Z, Qi L M, Zhao B L, Li G Y, Li C. Dynamics of sporangium diffusion of Plasmopara viticola and its correlation with disease incidence in vineyard. Journal of Fruit Science, 2012, 29(1): 94-98. (in Chinese)

[25] 李勇, 谷医林, 吴波明, 金社林, 曹世勤, 王晓明, 孙振宇, 骆勇, 马占鸿. 小麦条锈病菌和白粉病菌多重TaqMan real-time PCR方法的建立. 植物病理学报, 2015, 45(2): 205-210.

Li Y, Gu Y L, Wu B M, Jin S L, Cao S Q, Wang X M, Sun Z Y, Luo Y, Ma Z H. Establishment of a duplex TaqMan real-time PCR method for quantifying Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2015, 45(2): 205-210. (in Chinese)

[26] Ma Z, Luo Y, Michailides T J. Nested PCR assays for detection of Monilinia fructicola in stone fruit orchards and Botryosphaeria dothidea from Pistachios in California. Journal of Phytopathology, 2003, 151(6): 312-322.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Effect of Rain-Shelter Cultivation on Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Airborne Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0