渭北苹果园土壤钙素退化状态

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Apple production contributes greatly to the economic development of Shaanxi province. But orchard soil has degraded significantly after years of fruit production, which lead to tree senescence and various diseases such as apple bitter pit, water-core and lenticel blotch pit. As a result, fruit yield and quality decreased sharply. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and extent of soil calcium degradation in the orchards of different ages, with the aim to facilitate sustainable development of the yield and quality of apple production. 【Method】 Four replicates of ＜10-, 10-20- and ＞20-year old orchards soil and farmland soil as control were selected for the study in Binxian, semiarid region of Shaanxi. Samples were taken within two-thirds of the radius of the tree canopy. Soil samples were used to measure physical and chemical properties such as soil bulk density, pH, CaCO₃, exchangeable Ca, and water-soluble Ca. 【Result】 The soil CaCO₃ content and storage in 0-50 cm increased as orchard age increased, while decreased as orchard age increased in 50-100 cm. Soil CaCO₃ storage in the orchards older than 10 years were significantly lower than that of farmland in 0-50 cm. The exchangeable Ca and water-soluble Ca in all orchard soils were higher in comparison with the farmland soil. The orchard soil exchangeable Ca decreased with orchard age increasing in layers of 0-40 cm and below 60 cm, while slightly increased with orchard age increasing in 40-60 cm. The water-soluble Ca content and storage in 0-50 cm were higher than that in 50-100 cm, and the soil water-soluble Ca has a peak in 10-30 cm in the orchards older than 10 years.【Conclusion】The storage of soil CaCO₃and exchangeable Ca in the layer of 0-100 cm decreased severely with orchards planting years increased, even in the calcareous soil of loess dry-land in Shannxi Weibei Region. The decrease of soil CaCO₃ and exchangeable Ca has become one of the characteristics of soil degradation. Calcium deficiency should be concerned in the orchard fertilization management in this region.

Key words: orchard soil, CaCO3, exchangeable Ca, water-soluble Ca, Weibei region, Shaanxi Province

WEI Bin-meng, WANG Yi-quan, SHI Zong-lin, LI Peng, SHI Hong-ping, LIANG Hua-xue, WANG Jia-xu . Calcium Degradation Status of Orchard Soil in Weibei Region, Shaanxi Province, China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(11): 2199-2207.

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