关键词: 小麦, 簇毛麦, 杀配子染色体3C, 染色体结构变异, C-分带, 基因组原位杂交, 分子标记

Abstract: [Objective] Haynaldia villosa（2n=2X=14, VV）, a relative of wheat, plays important roles in wheat improvement mainly due to its disease resistance. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 has been successfully transferred into wheat by Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, China and widely used in current wheat breeding programs. To further transfer and utilize the beneficial genes such as eye-spot resistance, yellow rust resistance and gene of the tufted bristles on the glume ridge(a remarkable morphology) mapped on 2V of Haynaldia villosa. [Method] a disomic addition line with gametocidal chromosome 3C of Aegilops triuncialis added in Norin26 was crossed to the wheat- H. villosa disomic substitution 2V(2D) and the hybrids F1 were then selfed. Chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH ), meiotic analysis combined with molecular markers were applied to detect the chromosome variations derived from hybrids F2 and F3 of these crosses. [Results] To date, four translocations including one small segmental translocation T6BS•6BL-2VS, two whole arm translocations (preliminarily designed as T3DS•2VLand T2VS•7DL) and one intercalary translocation T2VS•2VL-W-2VL, one deletion Del 2VS•2VL-, one monotelosomic Mt2VS and one iso-arm chromosome 2VS•2VS lines have been developed and characterized. One wheat SSR marker Xwmc25-120 tagging 2VS and one wheat STS marker NAU/STSBCD135-1(2BL) tagging 2VL were successfully used to confirm the alien chromosome segments involved in the seven lines. [Conclusion] Three lines T2VS•7DL, Mt2VS and 2VS•2VS appeared the tufted bristles on the glume ridge same as the parent DS2V(2D), while T3DS•2VL without this trait, it was further confirmed that the gene controlling the tufted bristles on the glume ridge was located on 2VS. Gametocidal chromosome 3C of Aegilops triuncialis could successfully induce chromosome structural changes of 2V.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, Haynaldia villosa, gametocidal chromosome 3C, chromosome aberration, C-banding, genome in situ hybridization, molecular marker