长期施肥对黄泥田土壤有机碳化学结构与固碳细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1020-1033.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施肥对黄泥田土壤有机碳化学结构与固碳细菌群落结构的影响

魏圆慧¹^,²(), 余益辉¹^,², 李子钧¹^,², 丁文杰¹^,², 涂文龙¹^,², 毛艳玲¹^,²^,³()

¹ 福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福州 350002
² 土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福州 350002
³ 自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心，福州 350002

收稿日期:2025-04-19 接受日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-06
通信作者:
毛艳玲，E-mail：fafum@126.com
联系方式: 魏圆慧，E-mail：13239931900@163.com。
基金资助:
福建省财政厅项目(KKY22005XA); 福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(KFB24124A)

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Structure and Carbon-Fixing Bacterial Community Structure in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil

WEI YuanHui¹^,²(), YU YiHui¹^,², LI ZiJun¹^,², DING WenJie¹^,², TU WenLong¹^,², MAO YanLing¹^,²^,³()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
² Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fuzhou 350002
³ Fujian Colleges and University Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fuzhou 350002

Received:2025-04-19 Accepted:2025-06-16 Published:2026-03-01 Online:2026-03-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 土壤有机碳（SOC）稳定性受官能团组成和固碳微生物的影响，通过比较长期不同施肥对黄泥田土壤有机碳结构和固碳细菌cbbL基因群落结构影响的差异，全面认识黄泥田土壤固碳潜力及其机制。【方法】 基于农业农村部福建耕地保育科学观测实验站长期定位稻田，设不施肥（CK）、化肥（NPK）、化肥+稻草还田（NPKS）和化肥+牛粪（NPKM）处理，利用¹³C核磁共振和傅里叶技术测定土壤有机碳结构，及利用高通量测序技术测定固碳细菌群落结构。【结果】 化肥配施有机肥（NPKS和NPKM处理）显著提高了黄泥田土壤有机碳含量，土壤有机碳含量随土层加深而降低。矿质结合态有机碳的含量、颗粒态有机碳的含量及颗粒态有机碳占土壤有机碳的比例均随土层加深而降低，而矿质结合态有机碳占土壤有机碳比例则随土层加深而增加。NPKS和NPKM处理增加了SOC中烷烃及芳香碳化合物含量，提高了土壤有机碳的稳定性及复杂程度，亚表层土壤有机碳稳定性高于表层。土壤固碳细菌α多样性指数分析结果显示，施肥显著提高了黄泥田土壤固碳细菌多样性指数，其中NPKM处理表现最好。土壤优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲，施肥不同程度地提高β-变形菌纲的相对丰度。Sulfuricaulis和Sulfuritortus为优势菌属。亚表层土壤相较于表层土壤降低了光自养微生物相对丰度，而提高了化能自养微生相对丰度。【结论】 稻草、牛粪与化肥配施不仅促进了黄泥田土壤有机碳的稳定性，而且显著增加了土壤固碳细菌的多样性和丰度，改变了土壤固碳细菌群落的结构。其中，牛粪配施化肥更有利于黄泥田土壤有机碳结构稳定和固碳细菌群落的多样性。

关键词: 黄泥田土壤, 长期施肥, 有机无机肥配施, 土壤有机碳结构, 固碳细菌

Abstract:

【Objective】 Soil organic carbon (SOC) stability is significantly influenced by the functional group composition and carbon-fixing microorganisms. This study compared the differences in soil organic carbon structure and cbbL bacterial community structure under long-term fertilization regimes, so as to provide an understanding of the carbon sequestration potential and mechanisms of yellow-mud paddy soil.【Method】 In this study, the effects of no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning (NPKS) and chemical fertilizer + organic manure (NPKM) treatments on the characteristics of organic carbon functional groups and the community structure of carbon sequestration bacteria were studied by using ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform technology to determine the organic carbon structure and the community structure of carbon-fixing bacteria by high-throughput sequencing technology, respectively.【Result】 The co-chemical fertilizer and manure application (NPKS and NPKM) significantly increased the total SOC content in yellow-mud paddy soil,while the SOC content decreased with increasing soil depth. The contents of MOC and POC, as well as the POC/SOC ratio, decreased with soil depth, while the MOC/SOC ratio showed the opposite trend. NPKS and NPKM treatments also increased the content of aliphatic and aromatic carbon compounds, then enhancing the stability and complexity of soil organic carbon, with subsoil organic carbon being more stable than surface soil. Analysis of the α-diversity index of carbon-fixing bacteria in the soil revealed that fertilization significantly increased the diversity index of carbon-fixing bacteria, with the NPKM treatment showing the best results. The dominant bacterial phylum in paddy soil was Proteobacteria, and fertilization increased the relative abundance of this phylum to varying extents. The dominant genera were Sulfuricaulis and Sulfuritortus. In the subsoil, compared with the surface soil, the relative abundance of photoautotrophic microorganisms was reduced, while the relative abundance of chemo lithotrophic microorganisms was increased.【Conclusion】 Therefore, combined organic amendments (straw or manure) with chemical fertilizers not only enhanced SOC stability but also increased the diversity and abundance of carbon-fixing bacteria, restructuring their communities. NPKM was the most effective in stabilizing SOC and promoting microbial diversity, highlighting its role in sustainable yellow-mud paddy soil management.

Key words: yellow-mud paddy soil, long-term fertilization, co-chemical fertilizer and manure application, soil organic carbon structure, carbon-fixing bacteria

魏圆慧, 余益辉, 李子钧, 丁文杰, 涂文龙, 毛艳玲. 长期施肥对黄泥田土壤有机碳化学结构与固碳细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(5): 1020-1033.

WEI YuanHui, YU YiHui, LI ZiJun, DING WenJie, TU WenLong, MAO YanLing. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Structure and Carbon-Fixing Bacterial Community Structure in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1020-1033.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	醇、酚类 Alcohols and phenols (3697-3000 cm^-1)	烷烃类 Alkanes (2928 cm^-1)	芳香类 Aromatics (1630+694 cm^-1)¹⁾	碳水化合物 Carbohydrate (1032 cm^-1)	有机态硅 Organo silicone (792 cm^-1)
0-20	CK	0.19±0.04c	0.01±0.01b	0.07±0.01d	0.35±0.02c	0.06±0.01d
	NPK	0.56±0.01b	0.01±0.01b	0.17±0.02c	1.00±0.01b	0.16±0.01c
	NPKS	0.58±0.01b	0.02±0.01ab	0.20±0.02b	1.01±0.01b	0.20±0.02b
	NPKM	0.96±0.01a	0.03±0.02a	0.28±0.01a	1.71±0.02a	0.31±0.02a
20-40	CK	0.65±0.02b	0.02±0.01c	0.26±0.01c	1.26±0.01c	0.28±0.02c
	NPK	0.74±0.02c	0.03±0.01bc	0.20±0.01d	1.21±0.01b	0.26±0.01c
	NPKS	1.43±0.03b	0.05±0.02b	0.35±0.01b	2.34±0.02b	0.45±0.01b
	NPKM	1.96±0.01a	0.17±0.01a	0.61±0.02a	2.66±0.02a	0.52±0.02a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	化学位移 Chemical shift				质量特征指数 Quality characteristic index
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	烷基碳 Alkyl C (0-45 cm^-1)	烷氧碳 O-alkyl C (45-110 cm^-1)	芳香碳 Aromatic C (110-160 cm^-1)	羰基碳 Carbonyl C (160-200 cm^-1)	腐殖化系数 Humification index	芳香性 Aromaticity	疏水性 Hydrophobicity
0-20	CK	32.54±0.21b	44.03±0.14a	11.40±0.05b	12.02±0.01b	0.74±0.01b	0.13±0.02b	0.78±0.02c
	NPK	30.60±0.57c	42.71±0.17b	13.55±0.08a	13.14±0.05a	0.72±0.01b	0.16±0.01a	0.79±0.01bc
	NPKS	31.01±0.15c	42.19±0.05c	13.65±0.11a	13.15±0.03a	0.74±0.02b	0.16±0.01a	0.81±0.01b
	NPKM	34.86±0.05a	42.01±0.11c	11.42±0.03b	11.70±0.06c	0.83±0.01a	0.13±0.02b	0.86±0.02a
20-40	CK	27.70±0.02d	38.83±0.01b	18.74±0.03d	14.73±0.03a	0.71±0.02c	0.22±0.03b	0.87±0.02d
	NPK	30.06±0.03b	39.69±0.02a	19.04±0.01c	11.21±0.02c	0.76±0.01b	0.21±0.03b	0.96±0.01c
	NPKS	29.69±0.02c	37.87±0.02c	20.37±0.03b	12.08±0.02b	0.78±0.02b	0.23±0.01a	1.00±0.01b
	NPKM	30.55±0.01a	37.25±0.02d	21.49±0.03a	10.71±0.02d	0.82±0.01a	0.24±0.01a	1.09±0.01a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	Chao1	Observed species	PD whole tree	Shannon
0-20	CK	572.77±84.01b	406.62±46.55c	15.49±1.96c	4.45±0.40c
	NPK	647.03±67.43ab	463.24±25.64bc	17.85±0.64b	4.98±0.28b
	NPKS	678.27±56.31a	520.95±31.65ab	18.96±0.34ab	5.27±0.29ab
	NPKM	691.06±52.36a	557.54±42.14a	20.38±0.96a	5.50±0.26a
20-40	CK	547.38±51.87b	379.95±19.30c	14.82±1.28c	4.26±0.41b
	NPK	607.02±15.70ab	438.26±9.25b	15.86±0.47bc	4.83±0.16ab
	NPKS	627.38±24.31ab	448.60±21.12ab	17.67±1.29ab	5.12±0.23a
	NPKM	671.84±82.81a	472.67±22.83a	18.81±2.87a	5.37±0.25a

长期施肥对黄泥田土壤有机碳化学结构与固碳细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Structure and Carbon-Fixing Bacterial Community Structure in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil

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