中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 5110-5127.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白Glu-A3Glu-B3位点多样性鉴定及其对品质的影响

许玉娟1(), 张捷2(), 王天译2, 陈浩洋2, 赵佳佳1, 武棒棒1, 郝宇琼1, 李晓华1, 郑兴卫1, 左静静2,*(), 郑军1,*()   

  1. 1 山西农业大学小麦研究所/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(部省共建), 山西临汾 041000
    2 山西农业大学农学院, 山西晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18 接受日期:2025-09-05 出版日期:2025-12-22 发布日期:2025-12-22
  • 通信作者:
    郑军,E-mail:
    左静静,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 许玉娟,E-mail:sxndxmsxu@163.com。张捷,E-mail:3099927237@qq.com。许玉娟和张捷为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划(202302140601001); 山西省小麦育种联合攻关项目(NYGG26-01); 山西省现代农业产业技术体系(2024CYJSTX02)

Identification of Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 of Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin in Shanxi Wheat and Its Effect on Quality

XU YuJuan1(), ZHANG Jie2(), WANG TianYi2, CHEN HaoYang2, ZHAO JiaJia1, WU BangBang1, HAO YuQiong1, LI XiaoHua1, ZHENG XingWei1, ZUO JingJing2,*(), ZHENG Jun1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linfen 041000, Shanxi
    2 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi
  • Received:2025-07-18 Accepted:2025-09-05 Published:2025-12-22 Online:2025-12-22

摘要:

【目的】低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素,阐明LMW-GS在种质资源中的多样性分布及其对面粉品质性状的影响有助于小麦的遗传改良。【方法】以421份山西小麦种质资源为材料,利用18个LMW-GS的分子标记鉴定Glu-A3Glu-B3,并分析山西小麦中LMW-GS的多态性信息量、遗传多样性和聚类分析;在此基础上,分析不同亚基对面粉理化品质、粉质、拉伸特性和面团黏度特性的影响。【结果】整体上看,山西小麦中LMW-GS的多样性丰富。Glu-A3比例由高到低依次为Glu-A3bGlu-A3cGlu-A3gGlu-A3dGlu-A3fGlu-A3aGlu-A3eGlu-B3比例由高到低依次为Glu-B3gGlu-B3aGlu-B3dGlu-B3iGlu-B3bGlu-B3hGlu-B3eGlu-B3cGlu-B3f。山西小麦品种间遗传距离变异范围为0.000—0.667,平均遗传距离为0.253,其中,育成品种的遗传变异范围大于地方种;品种的地域分布和水旱地差异也影响LMW-GS的遗传多样性。6个LMW-GS亚基与5个面粉理化性状显著相关,其中,Glu-A3bGlu-A3dGlu-B3i负向影响蛋白质含量,而Glu-A3bGlu-B3i对淀粉含量、Glu-A3dGlu-B3i对纤维含量、Glu-B3i对面粉白度为正向影响;15个LMW-GS亚基与12项加工品质特性显著相关,其中,含有Glu-A3e亚基的面团延伸度增加36.71 mm,含有Glu-B3d面团延伸度增加19.91 mm,Glu-A3aGlu-B3bGlu-B3e与面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积、拉伸阻力、拉伸系数和粉质质量指数呈正相关性;5个LMW-GS亚基与面团黏度显著相关,含有Glu-A3a峰值黏度增加183.19 cp,衰减值提高67.79 cp。【结论】山西小麦LMW-GS多态性较高,地域分布和品种类型及亲缘关系影响Glu-A3Glu-B3的遗传多样性;分别筛选出6、15和5个与面粉理化品质、加工品质和面团黏度显著相关的亚基。

关键词: 山西小麦, 低分子量麦谷蛋白, Glu-A3, Glu-B3, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】Low molecular weight gluten subunits (LMW-GS) are crucial components in determining the end-use quality of common wheat. Elucidating the diversity and impact on flour quality of LMW-GS is essential for genetic improvement in wheat.【Method】A collection of 421 Shanxi wheat accessions was utilized to identify allelic variations in the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 using 18 specific markers. The polymorphism, genetic diversity, and cluster analysis of these alleles in Shanxi wheat was then conducted. Additionally, the effects of these alleles on the physicochemical quality, farinograph and extensograph properties, as well as dough viscosity characteristics of flour were investigated.【Result】The allelic variations in the Glu-A3, by frequency, are Glu-A3b, Glu-A3c, Glu-A3g, Glu-A3d, Glu-A3f, Glu-A3a, and Glu-A3e. At the Glu-B3, the identified allelic variations are Glu-B3g, Glu-B3a, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3i, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3h, Glu-B3e, Glu-B3c, and Glu-B3f. The genetic distance range for Shanxi wheat is 0.000 to 0.667, with a mean value of 0.253. It was observed that cultivars exhibited a greater genetic distance than landraces. Geographical distribution and irrigation/dryland types also influenced the genetic diversity of LMW-GS. Correlation analysis revealed that six LMW-GS allelic variations significantly correlated with five physicochemical quality traits. Glu-A3b, Glu-A3d, and Glu-B3i had negative effects on protein content, while Glu-A3b and Glu-B3i had positive effects on starch content. Glu-A3d and Glu-B3i showed positive effects on fiber content, and Glu-B3i increased the whiteness value of flour by 2.10%. Fifteen LMW-GS allelic variations were identified as significantly correlated with 12 processing quality traits, with Glu-A3e and Glu-B3d increasing extensibility by 36.71 and 19.91 mm, respectively. Glu-A3a, Glu-B3b, and Glu-B3e had positive effects on improving development time, stability time, stretch area, extension resistance, stretch ratio, and farinograph quality. Five LMW-GS subunits were significantly correlated with dough viscosity characteristics, with Glu-A3a increasing peak viscosity by 183.19 cp and the pad abort value by 67.79 cp.【Conclusion】LMW-GS alleles in Shanxi wheat exhibited high polymorphism. Geographical distribution and accession types affected the genetic diversity at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci. Six, fifteen, and five LMW-GS allelic variations were identified as showing significant correlations with flour physicochemical, processing quality, and dough viscosity traits, respectively.

Key words: Shanxi wheat, low molecular weight glutenin, Glu-A3, Glu-B3, genetic diversity