关键词: 小麦, 双镇压, 精量匀播, 氮肥, 干物质积累量, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of double-pressing precision uniform sowing and nitrogen (N) fertilizer interaction on wheat population construction, dry matter accumulation characteristics, and yield formation were explored, in order to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region. 【Method】The two-factor split plot experiment was conducted in Jiyang, Shandong Province from 2021 to 2024. The conventional string sowing (S1) and double-pressing precision uniform sowing (S2) were assigned to the main plots, and the N fertilizer application rates of 0, 120, 180 and 240 kg N·hm^-2 (N0, N150, N210, N240) were assigned to the subplots. The field emergence rate, tillering characteristics per plant, population dynamics, dry matter accumulation and transport, grain yield, and economic benefits of wheat under the interaction of sowing method and N application rates were systematically tested. 【Result】Compared with S1, S2 could increase the field emergence rate of wheat and enhance the tillering ability of per plant. Under the same N fertilizer application rates, the 3-year average number of tillers at seedling, wintering, jointing, and anthesis under S2 was significantly increased by 5.7%, 24.7%, 13.1% and 18.0%, respectively, and the tiller formation spikes ratio at maturity was increased by 5.5%-7.6%. Combined with N210 or N270, S2 significantly improved the aboveground dry matter accumulation at jointing, anthesis, and maturity by optimizing the aboveground dry matter accumulation rate at each growth stage, and under the same N fertilizer application rates, S2 significantly increased by 10.5%, 9.9% and 13.3% compared with S1, respectively. The translocation amount of dry matter pre-anthesis, dry matter accumulation amounts post-anthesis, and contribution rate of dry matter accumulation amount to yield post-anthesis under the two sowing methods reached a high level under N210 and N270 treatments, and S2 was significantly higher than S1, while the 3-year average increased by 7.0%-8.6%, 18.5%-27.1% and 3.5% -5.3%, respectively. The response of the harvest index to the N fertilizer application rates was different between different sowing methods. Under the S1 and S2 sowing methods, the maximum values were reached under N150 and N210 treatments for three years, and 3-year average were 2.6%-15.0% and 1.5%-16.8% higher than the other treatments, respectively, and the S2 was higher than S1 under the same N fertilizer rates. For three years, the grain yield and economic benefit of S2 were higher than those of S1 under N150, N210, and N270, and 3-year average were significantly increased by 7.6 %, 9.2 %, 16.1 % and 12.5 %, 14.0 %, 23.1 %, respectively; meantime the combination of S2 with N210 or N270 could achieve simultaneous improvement of grain yield and economic benefit. 【Conclusion】Under nitrogen-saving principles, double-pressing precision uniform sowing combined with 210 kg N·hm^-2 fertilizer application rates improved sowing conditions, increased wheat field emergence rate, optimized population spatial distribution, and synergistically improved wheat yield and economic benefits, which provided the technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region.

Key words: wheat, double-pressing, precision uniform sowing, nitrogen fertilizer, aboveground dry matter, yield