喀斯特峰丛洼地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (10): 1969-1981.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

喀斯特峰丛洼地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响

陈武荣¹^,²(), 肖霜霜¹^,²(), 肖峻³^,⁴^,⁵, 陈丹¹^,²

¹ 南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室，南宁 530001
² 南宁师范大学广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室，南宁 530001
³ 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室，长沙 410125
⁴ 中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站，广西环江 547100
⁵ 河池环江农田生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站，广西环江 547100

收稿日期:2024-07-31 接受日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2025-05-16 发布日期:2025-05-21
通信作者:
肖霜霜，E-mail：xshuangshuang525@126.com
联系方式: 陈武荣，E-mail：wrchen0921@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41807517); 国家自然科学基金(U22A20619); 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2024KY0397); 广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室系统基金(NNNU-KLOP-X2004)

Effects of Land Utilization Methods on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Labile Fractions in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression

CHEN WuRong¹^,²(), XIAO ShuangShuang¹^,²(), XIAO Jun³^,⁴^,⁵, CHEN Dan¹^,²

¹ Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001
² Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001
³ Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125
⁴ Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Science, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi
⁵ Huanjiang Agriculture Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi

Received:2024-07-31 Accepted:2024-09-12 Published:2025-05-16 Online:2025-05-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤有机碳及其活性组分对不同土地利用方式的响应特征，为喀斯特地区土壤碳库稳定性的维持以及生态恢复与重建提供依据。【方法】基于长期野外定位试验，选取喀斯特峰丛洼地封育、火烧、刈割、牧草种植和玉米种植等5种当地常见的土地利用方式，探讨其对土壤有机碳（SOC）及其活性组分，即颗粒有机碳（POC）、轻组有机碳（LFOC）、易氧化性有机碳（EOC）及微生物量碳（MBC）的影响。【结果】不同利用方式下SOC含量大小表现为封育>火烧>刈割>牧草种植>玉米种植方式，玉米种植方式的SOC含量显著低于其他方式（P<0.05）；土壤POC含量变化趋势与SOC一致，但在各土地利用方式间的下降幅度大于SOC；封育方式的土壤LFOC和EOC含量最高，玉米种植方式最低；相比封育，火烧方式显著提高土壤MBC含量。研究区不同土地利用方式中POC是土壤有机碳主要活性组分，POC/SOC表现为封育>刈割>火烧>牧草种植>玉米种植方式，POC/SOC介于39.3%—58.6%。封育与火烧的FOC/SOC与EOC/SOC较低，但玉米种植的则最高。相关性分析显示，喀斯特土壤中POC、EOC、MBC与SOC极显著正相关（P<0.01），可以敏感反映土壤SOC动态。SOC、POC、EOC、MBC均与TN、AN、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺有极显著性正相关性（P<0.01），与黏粒有显著负相关性（P<0.05）；SOC、LFOC、POC、EOC、MBC与粉粒呈显著负相关（P<0.05），与砂粒显著正相关性（P<0.05）；SOC、EOC、MBC均与TP呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。冗余分析显示，土壤AN、Ca²⁺、TP及土壤粉粒和黏粒是土壤SOC及其活性组分含量变化的主要贡献因子，表明不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质变化与SOC及其活性组分含量的变动密切相关。【结论】增强植被覆盖与减少高强度的利用等策略有利于增加喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤有机碳含量与维持其稳定性，而长期耕作等对土壤扰动较大的方式会增大有机碳及其组分流失的风险。

关键词: 喀斯特生态系统, 土地利用方式, 土壤有机碳, 碳组分

Abstract:

【Objective】 By studying the response characteristics of soil organic carbon and its labile fractions to land utilization methods in karst peak cluster depressions, the result could provide the theoretical basis for the maintenance of soil carbon pool stability, ecological restoration and reconstruction in karst areas. 【Method】 Based on long-term field positioning experiments, five common land use methods were selected in karst peak cluster depression areas, including enclosure, burning, cutting, grass planting, and maize planting, to study the effects of different land utilization methods on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions, namely particulate organic carbon (POC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). 【Result】 The SOC content under different land utilization methods showed as follows: enclosure>burning>cutting>grass planting>maize planting, and the SOC content in maize planting as significantly lower than other land utilization methods (P<0.05). The trend of changes in soil POC content was consistent with that of SOC, but the decrease in POC content among land utilization methods was greater than that of SOC; the content of LFOC and EOC in soil was highest in the enclosure, and lowest in maize planting; compared with enclosure, the burning significantly increased soil MBC content. Soil POC was the main labile fraction of soil organic carbon in different land utilization methods in the study area. The POC/SOC ratio ranged from 39.3% to 58.6%, with enclosure>cutting>burning>grass planting>maize planting. The ratios of LFOC/SOC and EOC/SOC were lower in enclosure and burning, but the highest were observed under maize planting. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between POC, EOC, MBC and SOC in karst areas soil, which could sensitively reflect soil SOC dynamics. SOC, POC, EOC, and MBC were all significantly positively correlated with TN, AN, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with clay particles (P<0.05); SOC, LFOC, POC, EOC, MBC were significantly negatively correlated with silt particles (P<0.05) and significantly positively correlated with sand particles (P<0.05); SOC, EOC, and MBC were significantly positively correlated with TP (P<0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that AN, Ca²⁺, TP, as well as silt and clay particles in soil, were the most significant contributing factors to changes in SOC and its labile fractions content. This suggested that the changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different land utilization methods were closely related to changes in SOC and its labile fractions content. 【Conclusion】 Strategies such as enhancing vegetation coverage and reducing high-intensity utilization were beneficial for increasing organic carbon content and maintaining its stability in karst peak cluster depressions, while measures such as long-term tillage that cause significant soil disturbance increased the risk of organic carbon and fraction loss.

Key words: karst ecosystems, land utilization method, soil organic carbon, carbon fractions

陈武荣, 肖霜霜, 肖峻, 陈丹. 喀斯特峰丛洼地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(10): 1969-1981.

CHEN WuRong, XIAO ShuangShuang, XIAO Jun, CHEN Dan. Effects of Land Utilization Methods on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Labile Fractions in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 1969-1981.

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土地利用方式 Land utilization methods	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	速效氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	交换性钙 Ca²⁺ (mg·kg^-1)	交换性镁 Mg²⁺ (mg·kg^-1)	pH	黏粒 Clay (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	砂粒 Sand (%)
封育Enclosure	4.20	1.24	312.67	4.97	5.50	1.58	7.57	2.3	46.8	50.9
火烧Burning	4.02	1.32	300.30	5.93	5.72	1.58	7.48	2.5	54.8	42.7
刈割Cutting	3.99	1.17	261.83	5.60	5.43	1.52	7.75	2.6	53.0	44.4
牧草种植 Grass planting	3.12	1.09	229.48	9.20	4.36	1.39	7.12	2.9	56.5	40.6
玉米种植 Maize planting	2.45	1.02	179.08	6.03	4.28	1.27	7.45	3.8	66.3	29.9

土地利用方式 Land utilization methods	POC/SOC (%)	LFOC/SOC (%)	EOC/SOC (%)	MBC/SOC (%)
封育Enclosure	58.6±4.0a	9.8±1.4ab	13.1±1.5bc	1.9±0.2b
火烧Burning	54.2±9.1ab	7.0±0.9b	12.1±1.2c	2.7±0.3a
刈割Cutting	57.5±4.5a	11.3±2.0a	15.5±0.2ab	2.6±0.4a
牧草种植 Grass planting	49.1±7.0ab	9.9±0.7ab	13.0±0.5bc	2.6±0.5a
玉米种植 Maize planting	39.3±13.2b	12.4±4.0a	16.6±2.7a	1.2±0.1c

喀斯特峰丛洼地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响

Effects of Land Utilization Methods on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Labile Fractions in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression

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