关于现代农产品品质学的若干思考

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 1830-1844.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.012

关于现代农产品品质学的若干思考

季圣阳¹(), 陆柏益¹(), 李培武²^,³()

¹ 浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院/农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜安全风险评估实验室/农业农村部农产品品质评价与营养健康重点实验室，杭州 310058
² 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料及制品质量检验测试中心/农业农村部油料产品质量安全风险评估实验室/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，武汉 430062
³ 湘湖实验室，杭州 311231

收稿日期:2024-09-09 接受日期:2024-12-14 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-05-08
通信作者:
陆柏益，E-mail：bylu@zju.edu.cn。
李培武，E-mail：peiwuli@oilcrops.cn
联系方式: 季圣阳，E-mail：shengyang_ji@163.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-11-ZJLBY); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600105); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1600600)

Some Reflections on Modern Science of Agricultural Product Quality

JI ShengYang¹(), LU BaiYi¹(), LI PeiWu²^,³()

¹ College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Product Quality Evaluation and Nutritional Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058
² Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Quality Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062
³ Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231

Received:2024-09-09 Accepted:2024-12-14 Published:2025-05-01 Online:2025-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

满足人民群众对农产品营养与品质的迭代需求是农业高质量发展永恒的动力与方向，因此，农产品品质学应运而生，对引领农业产业发展、支撑乡村振兴具有重要意义。本文在综述国内外农产品品质相关研究的基础上，梳理了农产品品质学的发展历史，并提出了现代农产品品质学的概念，即以谷物、蔬菜、水产、乳、水果、肉禽、薯芋、药食两用类等农产品为研究对象，通过现代化检测方法和分析手段，以农产品营养品质和智慧表征为核心，构建基于不同用途的农产品品质评价体系；阐明农产品品质的物质基础及其影响规律，揭示品质构成（构效）机制和形成（劣变）机制；建立全程调控措施，从而生产优质农产品，满足消费者需求，指导农产品加工，提高农业产业化效率的一门应用科学。同时，分别从产业高质量发展和人民健康生活角度，分析了现代农产品品质学研究的必要性。此外，本文还指出了当前农产品品质研究面临的关键难题，包括：（1）品质时空变化规律不清和特征品质不明、评价技术缺乏、检测技术精准性和便携性低；（2）农产品成分复杂且空间结构与品质特性的关系不明、农产品过度加工、资源浪费且优质难优价；（3）品质影响规律不清、形成和劣变靶标分子不明、品质难控制和保持。并基于上述关键难题提出了现代农产品品质学的研究内容，涵盖农产品特征品质挖掘及评价检测技术、农产品品质构成（构效）机制及高值化利用技术、农产品品质形成（劣变）机制及调控技术3个方面。最终提出了现代农产品品质学未来需要深入研究的重点任务，主要包括：（1）基于物联网、大数据及人工智能技术，构建农产品品质数据库，实现个体精准营养需求；（2）基于人工智能驱动的供应链技术，构建传感器网络和数据采集系统，实现农产品品质全产业链的智慧表征；（3）基于品质梯度和综合利用技术，构建绿色循环模式体系，实现农产品制造全过程资源高值转化；（4）基于多源知识融合技术，构建农产品AI智能体，实现农产品品质全程控制。本文旨在为农业科研、生产、管理等工作实践提供一定的指导和帮助，以期解决当前农产品品质提升的瓶颈问题，助力农业产业高质量发展。

关键词: 现代农产品品质学, 营养品质, 品质评价, 加工品质, 高值化利用, 品质调控

Abstract:

Meeting the evolving demands of the public for the nutrition and quality of agricultural products is the eternal driving force and direction for high-quality agricultural development. Science of agricultural product quality has emerged in response to this need, which plays a crucial role in guiding the development of the agricultural industry and supporting rural revitalization. Based on a review of domestic and international research on agricultural product quality, this paper outlined the development history of science of agricultural product quality and introduced the concept of modern science of agricultural product quality. This concept focused on agricultural products such as grains, vegetables, aquatic products, dairy, fruits, meat, poultry, tuber and root, and medicinal food plants. By employing modern detection methods and analytical techniques, the core of this discipline was the nutritional quality and intelligent characterization of agricultural products. It aimed to establish a quality evaluation system for agricultural products based on different uses, elucidate the material basis and influencing factors of product quality, uncover the mechanisms of quality composition (structure-function) and quality formation (deterioration), and establish comprehensive control measures, thus producing high-quality agricultural products to meet consumer demand, guide processing, and improve agricultural industrial efficiency. From the perspective of industrial high-quality development and public health, the paper also analyzed the necessity of modern science of agricultural product quality research. Additionally, it identified key challenges in current agricultural product quality research, including: (1) Unclear spatiotemporal variation patterns and undefined characteristic quality, lack of evaluation technologies, and low precision and portability of detection technologies; (2) The complexity of agricultural product components, unclear relationships between spatial structure and quality characteristics, excessive processing, resource waste, and difficulty in premium prices for high quality; (3) Unclear quality influence patterns, unidentified molecular targets for formation and deterioration, and difficulty in controlling and maintaining quality. Based on these challenges, the paper proposed three major research areas in modern science of agricultural product quality, including agricultural products characteristic quality exploration and evaluation detection technologies, mechanisms of quality composition (structure-function) and high-value utilization technologies, and mechanisms of quality formation (deterioration) and control technologies. Finally, the paper outlined key future research tasks, including: (1) Constructing a database of agricultural product quality based on IoT, big data, and artifical intelligence technologies to achieve precise individual nutritional needs; (2) Building sensor networks and data collection systems driven by AI-powered supply chain technologies to achieve intelligent characterization of agricultural product quality throughout the entire industry chain; (3) Developing a green circular model system based on quality gradients and comprehensive utilization technologies to realize high-value resource transformation in the entire agricultural production process; (4) Creating an agricultural product AI intelligent system based on multi-source knowledge integration technologies for full-process quality control of agricultural products. This review aimed to provide the guidance and support for agricultural research, production, and management practices, addressing current bottlenecks in improving agricultural product quality, and contributing to the high-quality development of the agricultural industry.

Key words: modern science of agricultural product quality, nutritional quality, quality evaluation, processing quality, high-value utilization, quality regulation

季圣阳, 陆柏益, 李培武. 关于现代农产品品质学的若干思考[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(9): 1830-1844.

JI ShengYang, LU BaiYi, LI PeiWu. Some Reflections on Modern Science of Agricultural Product Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1830-1844.

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关于现代农产品品质学的若干思考

Some Reflections on Modern Science of Agricultural Product Quality

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