宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (13): 2497-2508.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

孙伟豪¹^,²(), 刘亭³, 桑祎楠², 杨政伟⁴, 张改生², 宋瑜龙²(), 张双喜¹()

¹ 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所，银川 750002
² 西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
⁴ 鄂尔多斯市农牧技术推广中心，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017200

收稿日期:2023-12-23 接受日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2024-07-09 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者:
宋瑜龙，E-mail：sylbl1986@163.com。
张双喜，E-mail：shxzhang@163.com
联系方式: 孙伟豪，E-mail：2273872491@qq.com。
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新项目基金(NGSB-2021-13); 国家自然科学基金(31701500); 陕西省重点研发一般项目(2022NY-176); 西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费(Z1090322148); 西北农林科技大学博士科研启动资金项目(2452015263)

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

SUN WeiHao¹^,²(), LIU Ting³, SANG YiNan², YANG ZhengWei⁴, ZHANG GaiSheng², SONG YuLong²(), ZHANG ShuangXi¹()

¹ Institute of Crop Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002
² College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
⁴ Ordos Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Ordos 017200, Inner Mongolia

Received:2023-12-23 Accepted:2024-02-29 Published:2024-07-09 Online:2024-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小麦常规育种实质是对杂种F₁性状杂种优势连续多代选择和保持的过程，探究宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）间抗倒伏相关性状的杂种优势、配合力，明确与小麦抗倒伏性状显著相关的农艺性状指标，为宁夏春小麦抗倒伏性状的杂种优势利用及其后代筛选与保持提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以14份宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）为亲本，按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配制45个杂交组合，分析亲本及其杂交种F₁株高、秆型指数等13个抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势、配合力及其相关性。【结果】不同品种（系）间抗倒伏性存在显著差异，杂种F₁代抗倒伏相关性状存在一定的杂种优势。NZ42、M6445和M8887主茎抗推力的一般配合力较高，分别为11.68、8.00和10.67，且其他性状的一般配合力也表现较为优异。主茎抗推力强优势组合有M6445×M8887、M6445×MJ48、NZ42×N2038、NZ42×M7723、NZ42×NZ39、H3015×宁春50号。与此同时，相关性分析发现株高与第一节间长和第二节重成显著正相关，与第二节间长和第四节间长成极显著正相关。其次，主茎抗推力与主茎鲜重、茎粗、弯曲力矩和秆型指数成极显著正相关，与第四节间长成显著负相关，与第二节重和第二节间充实度相关性不显著。【结论】 NZ42、M6445和M8887为本研究的优良亲本，且NZ42×NZ39、M6445×MJ48、M6445×M8887为本研究抗倒伏育种的优良组合。同时，供试材料不同组合倒伏性状间存在杂种优势利用潜力，但超亲优势不突出，且杂交组合的抗倒伏能力既受加性效应影响又受非加性效应影响，其中，受母本遗传背景影响更大。与此同时，第四节间长、弯曲力矩和秆型指数与株高和主茎抗推力相关性较高，可作为抗倒性育种后代选择的重要参考。

关键词: 春小麦, 抗倒性, 杂种优势, 配合力, 相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The essence of conventional wheat breeding involves the continuous multi-generation selection and maintenance of hybrid F₁ trait heterosis. Exploring the heterosis and combining ability of lodging-related traits among spring wheat varieties (lines) in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, and clarifying significantly agronomic indexes related to anti-lodging traits in wheat that can provide a certain theoretical basis for utilizing heterosis in lodging traits of spring wheat, and for the screening and maintenance of its descendants in Ningxia.【Method】 This study utilized 14 spring wheat varieties (lines) from Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area as parent materials. According to NCⅡ incomplete diallel crossbreeding design, forty-five combinations were produced. Meanwhile, heterosis, combining ability, and correlation analyses were performed on 13 traits related to lodging resistance, such as plant height and culm type index, in their parents and their F₁ generation.【Result】 Significant differences in lodging resistance trait were observed among different spring wheat varieties (lines). Meanwhile, there is a certain level of heterosis in lodging resistance traits was evident in the F₁ generation. The main stem thrust resistance of NZ42, M6445, and M8887 showed high general combining ability (GCA) values of 11.68, 8.00, and 10.67 respectively. Significant combinations for main stem thrust resistance included M6445×M8887, M6445×MJ48, NZ42×N2038, NZ42×M7723, NZ42×NZ39, and H3015×Ningchun50. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with the first internode length and second internode weight, and highly significantly positively correlated with the second and fourth internode lengths. Besides, the main stem thrust resistance was highly significantly positively correlated with fresh weight of the main stem, stem diameter, bending moment and culm type index, but significantly negatively correlated with the fourth internode length. However, it was not significantly correlated with the second internode weight and fullness.【Conclusion】 The excellent parent varieties identified were NZ42, M6445, and M8887. Meanwhile, the excellent combinations of NZ42 × NZ39, M6445 × MJ48, and M6445 × M8887 were also observed in this study. In addition, Heterosis was present among most lodging resistance traits in different combinations, but the heterobeltiosis was less pronounced. The resistance to lodging was influenced by both additive and non-additive effects of parental genes, with a greater influence from the maternal genetic background. Furthermore, the plant height and main stem thrust resistance are significantly correlated with the fourth internode length, bending moment, and culm type index, serving as important references for selection of lodging-resistant generations.

Key words: spring wheat, lodging resistance, heterosis, combining ability, correlation

孙伟豪, 刘亭, 桑祎楠, 杨政伟, 张改生, 宋瑜龙, 张双喜. 宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(13): 2497-2508.

SUN WeiHao, LIU Ting, SANG YiNan, YANG ZhengWei, ZHANG GaiSheng, SONG YuLong, ZHANG ShuangXi. Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2497-2508.

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性状 Characters	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)
株高PH (cm)	73.00	6.43
穗长SL (cm)	11.52	12.87
第一节间长 FIL (cm)	3.52	48.81
第二节间长 SIL (cm)	8.54	19.56
第三节间长 TIL (cm)	20.52	187.77
第四节间长 FOIL (cm)	30.29	10.97
主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	8.84	29.13
第二节重 SIW (g)	0.25	23.99
第二节间充实度 SIF (mg·cm^-1)	30.75	37.30
主茎鲜重 FWMS (g)	9.87	17.57
茎粗 SD (mm)	4.05	9.28
弯曲力矩 BM (g·cm)	749.35	18.36
秆型指数 CTI (%)	63.62	14.01

性状 Characters	组合均方 Mean square cross	误差均方 Mean square error	F值 F value
株高PH (cm)	45.49	16.02	2.84**
穗长SL (cm)	3.25	2.09	1.56*
第一节间长FIL (cm)	4.84	2.73	1.77**
第二节间长SIL (cm)	9.64	2.01	4.79**
第三节间长TIL (cm)	1470.00	1486.37	0.99
第四节间长FOIL (cm)	37.26	8.07	4.62**
主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	14.57	4.70	3.10**
第二节重SIW (g)	0.01	0.002	4.44**
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	594.63	79.18	7.51**
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	7.40	1.94	3.82**
茎粗SD (mm)	0.33	0.09	3.50**
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	39897.53	13791.62	2.89**
秆型指数CTI (%)	0.02	0.01	3.80**

性状 Characters	中亲优势 Mid-parent heterosis			超亲优势 Heterobeltiosis
性状 Characters	均值 Mean	变化范围 Range	正向组合率 Positive rate (%)	均值 Mean	变化范围 Range	正向组合率 Positive rate (%)
株高PH	-0.79	-5.63-4.81	33.33	-4.13	-17.36-2.53	8.89
穗长SL	0.04	-9.69-8.98	62.22	-2.76	-12.77-7.85	28.89
第一节间长FIL	-7.76	-46.71-32.02	33.33	-16.54	-50.00-20.51	13.33
第二节间长SIL	-1.63	-21.24-2.04	33.33	-7.86	-54.28-16.58	13.33
第四节间长FOIL	-0.67	-9.73-7.05	48.89	-4.23	-14.17-6.73	13.33
主茎抗推力MSTR	-4.93	-46.59-29.16	31.11	-16.14	-58.21-14.32	13.33
第二节重SIW	-3.02	-30.34-28.73	37.78	-9.21	-39.35-26.3	28.89
第二节间充实度SIF	0.24	-25.50-23.93	51.11	-6.69	-31.96-18.11	31.11
主茎鲜重FWMS	-2.66	-25.90-16.58	40.00	-12.79	-36.19-7.25	8.89
茎粗SD	-3.38	-12.60-5.13	24.44	-7.39	-15.26-3.39	8.89
弯曲力矩BM	-3.54	-23.59-17.54	35.56	-14.53	-35.99-3.10	11.11
秆型指数CTI	-3.29	-20.35-11.40	26.67	-9.23	-32.38-8.23	15.56

性状 Characters	一般配合力（父本） GCA (male)		一般配合力（母本） GCA (femal)		特殊配合力（母本×父本） SCA (femal×male)
性状 Characters	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
株高PH (cm)	477.62	44.94**	196.77	18.51**	30.47	2.87**
穗长SL (cm)	5.08	2.44*	12.37	5.93**	1.65	0.79
第一节间长FIL (cm)	6.16	2.26*	11.50	4.22**	3.68	1.35
第二节间长SIL (cm)	23.24	11.56**	8.07	4.01**	6.44	3.20**
第四节间长FOIL (cm)	96.27	11.93**	151.39	18.76**	8.24	1.02
主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	9.58	2.04*	70.72	15.05**	8.79	1.87**
第二节重SIW (g)	0.01	3.54**	0.04	15.30**	0.01	3.31**
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	534.45	6.75**	982.76	12.41**	561.16	7.09**
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	13.42	6.93**	33.40	17.26**	2.65	1.37
茎粗SD (mm)	0.26	2.74**	2.01	21.21**	0.14	1.48
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	65344.53	4.74**	183373.08	13.30**	15601.34	1.13
秆型指数CTI (%)	0.03	6.00**	0.09	16.92**	0.01	1.61*

亲本 Parent	株高 PH (cm)	穗长 SL (cm)	第一节间长 FIL (cm)	第二节间长 SIL (cm)	第四节间长 FOIL (cm)	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	第二节重 SIW (g)	第二节间充实度 SIF (mg·cm^-1)	主茎鲜重 FWMS (g)	茎粗 SD (mm)	弯曲力矩 BM (g·cm)	秆型指数 CTI (%)
M6445	1.25	1.18	8.08	-0.77	-4.62	8.00	6.06	-5.28	12.17	6.26	13.28	4.85
NZ42	-1.19	2.91	1.58	-1.61	0.04	11.68	-2.49	-8.78	-0.02	2.06	-1.41	3.76
H3015	1.81	2.86	6.20	-0.27	5.71	0.96	9.05	2.95	-6.54	-3.37	-4.63	-7.85
宁春55号 Ningchun55	-2.19	-3.89	-18.05	-3.19	-4.01	3.63	8.14	11.36	4.21	1.98	2.05	4.56
ZM604	0.30	-2.87	2.84	5.87	2.80	-24.27	-8.64	-0.25	-9.78	-7.02	-9.29	-8.35
N2038	4.40	0.52	-9.09	1.10	6.71	-0.51	-6.17	0.23	-1.86	-1.38	2.57	-6.94
永3602 Yong3602	1.00	-0.52	2.27	6.27	1.29	-14.42	1.27	-8.53	-11.14	-3.90	-10.26	-5.08
PJ627	2.45	-3.73	25.38	3.93	2.63	-2.12	1.12	-0.26	-3.12	-0.89	-0.74	-4.63
宁春50号 Ningchun50	2.42	-1.82	-5.58	3.96	5.18	5.61	-8.07	-4.73	-2.13	1.33	0.43	-1.94
M8887	-0.55	0.78	-4.37	2.11	-1.47	10.67	6.17	10.60	6.46	2.32	5.86	3.31
M7723	0.45	2.69	2.81	5.62	0.27	-4.83	-6.46	-4.40	-8.39	-3.16	-8.11	-4.73
永08选-1 Yong 08 xuan-1	-1.61	1.65	-2.92	-2.13	-4.93	1.51	39.76	2.63	10.60	3.26	8.93	1.02
MJ48	-1.34	-3.65	-6.29	-0.84	-2.00	2.38	15.01	2.57	8.49	2.42	6.94	3.78
NZ39	-7.27	4.43	-1.03	-19.98	-7.79	1.70	-20.82	1.88	1.16	-0.20	-5.63	9.77

宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

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父本 Male parent	母本 Female parent
父本 Male parent	M6445	NZ42	H3015	宁春55号 Ningchun55	ZM604
N2038	-23.69	15.66	10.75	-6.90	4.17
永3602 Yong3602	-12.31	1.96	10.35	2.05	-2.05
PJ627	5.17	-4.78	-2.27	0.38	1.50
宁春50号 Ningchun50	-16.19	-27.11	16.87	9.12	17.32
M8887	19.29	-12.72	-10.15	2.79	0.78
M7723	-3.16	13.45	-1.16	-9.91	0.78
永08选-1 Yong 08 xuan-1	8.96	-20.41	-7.41	4.55	14.32
MJ48	20.25	7.80	-2.79	6.33	-31.58
NZ39	1.69	26.14	-14.18	-8.41	-5.25

强优势组合 Strong heterosis combinations					弱优势组合 Weak heterosis combinations
组合 Combinations	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	特殊配合力SCA	一般配合力GCA	父母本一般配合力之和 Sum of GCA	组合 Combinations	主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	特殊配合力 SCA	一般配合力 GCA	父母本一般配合力之和 Sum of GCA
M6445×M8887	12.20	19.29	8.00 10.67	18.67	ZM604×MJ48	4.12	-31.58	-24.27 2.38	-21.89
ZM604×宁春50号 ZM604×Ningchun50	8.73	17.32	-24.27 5.61	-18.66	NZ42×永08选-1 NZ42×Yong 08 xuan-1	8.21	-20.41	11.68 1.51	13.19
H3015×宁春50号 H3015×Ningchun50	10.92	16.87	0.96 5.61	6.57	NZ42×宁春50号 NZ42×Ningchun50	7.98	-27.11	11.68 5.61	17.29
NZ42×NZ39	12.34	26.14	11.68 1.70	13.38	M6445×N2038	7.41	-23.69	8.00 -0.51	7.49
M6445×MJ48	11.55	20.25	8.00 2.38	10.38	M6445×永3602 M6445×Yong3602	7.19	-12.31	8.00 -14.42	-6.42
宁春55号×M8887 Ningchun50×M8887	10.36	2.79	3.63 10.67	14.30	ZM604×永3602 ZM604×Yong3602	5.24	-2.05	-24.27 -14.42	-38.69
ZM604×M8887	7.71	0.78	-24.27 10.67	-13.60	宁春55号×M7723 Ningchun55×M7723	7.86	-9.91	3.63 -4.83	-1.20
宁春55号×宁春50号 Ningchun55×Ningchun50	10.47	9.12	3.63 5.61	9.24	NZ42×PJ627	9.27	-4.78	11.68 -2.12	9.56

性状 Characters	株高 PH (cm)	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)
穗长SL (cm)	-0.2242	0.1882
第一节间长FIL (cm)	0.3241*	-0.0027
第二节间长SIL (cm)	0.6445**	-0.0204
第三节间长TIL (cm)	0.0193	0.2291
第四节间长FIL (cm)	0.6372**	-0.2812*
第二节重SIW (g)	0.3138*	-0.0105
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	-0.2182	-0.0270
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	-0.1729	0.6978**
茎粗SD (mm)	-0.2067	0.6851**
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	0.1065**	0.6655**
秆型指数CTI (%)	-0.6506**	0.4740**

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