板栗全生长季树干液流及蒸腾耗水特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确板栗（Castanea mollissima Bl.）蒸腾耗水特征，为板栗园制定科学合理的水分管理措施提供理论参考。【方法】采用热扩散探针法，对‘大板红’板栗植株全生长季树干液流速率进行连续监测，并同步观测7个相关环境因子：太阳辐射（solar radiation，SR）、水汽压亏缺（vapor pressure deficit，VPD）、空气温度（air temperature，AT）、空气相对湿度（air relative humidity，ARH）、风速（wind speed，WS）、土壤温度（soil temperature，ST）和土壤湿度（soil relative humidity，SRH），解析板栗树干液流规律和耗水特征及其与环境因子间的关联性。【结果】板栗树干明显液流启动于5月3日，结束于10月26日，前后历时176 d。板栗全生长季晴天树干液流速率日变化呈单峰“几”字形曲线，其在6、7、8月每日启动到达峰值时间早于5、9、10月，而下降时间晚于5、9、10月，致6、7、8月份液流速率峰值持续时间长于5、9、10月。板栗全生长季液流速率日均值、日均耗水量和月耗水量由高到低排序均为8月>7月>6月>9月>5月>10月，其中显著性检验表明7月和8月之间无显著差异，但显著高于其他月份。夜间液流量占比由高到低排序为10月>9月>5月>6月>7月>8月，其中显著性检验表明10月、9月和5月显著高于6月、7月和8月。板栗全生长季树干液流速率与太阳辐射、水汽压亏缺、空气温度和风速均呈极显著正相关，而与空气相对湿度均呈极显著负相关。分别建立了5—10月板栗树干液流速率与7个环境因子的6个回归模型。【结论】板栗树干有明显液流始于5月初、终于10月末；7—8月是板栗的关键需水期；建立的板栗植株液流速率与环境因子的回归模型，可用于通过环境因子估测不同月份及整个生长季的植株耗水量。

关键词: 板栗, 液流速率, 耗水量, 环境因子, 特征

Abstract:

【Objective】This study analyzed the characteristics of transpiration water consumption of chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.), so as to provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of scientific and reasonable water management measures in chestnut orchards.【Method】The thermal diffusion probe method was used to continuously monitor the stem flow rate of Dabanhong chestnut continuously during the whole growing season from March 1, 2022 to March 1, 2023, and seven related environmental factors (solar radiation, air relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure deficit, soil temperature, and soil relative humidity) were observed simultaneously to analyze the stem flow rules and water consumption characteristics of chestnut trees and their correlation with environmental factors. 【Result】The obvious stem flow of chestnut trunk started on May 3 and ended on October 26, which lasted for 176 days. The diurnal variation of stem flow rate of chestnut showed a single-peak curve in sunny days during the whole growing season. The daily start and peak time of stem flow rate in June, July and August were earlier than those in May, September and October, while the decline time was later than those in May, September and October, so that the peak duration of stem flow rate in June, July and August was longer than that in May, September and October. The daily average stem flow rate, daily average water consumption and monthly water consumption in the whole growing season of chestnut were ranked from high to low as August>July>June>September>May>October, the significance test showed that there was no significant difference between July and August, but it was significantly higher than other months. The nocturnal sap flow percentage was ranked from high to low as October>September>May>June>July>August, and the significance test showed that October, September and May were significantly higher than June, July and August. The stem sap flow rate of chestnut during the whole growing season was significantly positively correlated with solar radiation, water vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and wind speed, and significantly negatively correlated with air relative humidity. Six regression models of stem flow rate from May to October and seven environmental factors were established.【Conclusion】The obvious stem flow of chestnut began at the beginning of May and ended at the end of October. The key water demand period of chestnut was July to August. Regression models of chestnut sap flow rate and environmental factors, which could be used to estimate the water requirement of plants in different months and the whole growing season through environmental factors.

Key words: chestnut, sap flow rate, water consumption, environmental factors, feature

郭燕, 张树航, 张馨方, 李颖, 刘金雨, 范丽颖, 刘师源, 高倩, 王广鹏. 板栗全生长季树干液流及蒸腾耗水特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(9): 1794-1806.

GUO Yan, ZHANG ShuHang, ZHANG XinFang, LI Ying, LIU JinYu, FAN LiYing, LIU ShiYuan, GAO Qian, WANG GuangPeng. Stem Sap Flow and Water Consumption of Chestnut During Growth Season[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1794-1806.

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样树 Sample tree	树高 Height (m)	干径（距地面50 cm） Trunk diameter (50 cm from the ground) (cm)	冠幅 Crown width (m×m)
1	3.18	12.73	3.82×4.05
2	3.21	13.15	3.85×3.90
3	3.23	11.99	3.81×3.95

	月份 Month
	5	6	7	8	9	10
降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	55.2	59	238	372.2	4.7	13.7
灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	2	2	1	1	2	1
灌水量 Irrigation rate (t)	4.68	4.47	2.18	1.96	3.75	1.93

		时间（月-日） Month (M-D)
		5-16	6-7	7-8	8-10	9-10	10-20
环境因子日均值 Environmental factor daily mean	太阳辐射 SR (W·m^-2)	299.71	246.17	279.67	268.21	181.88	137.29
	水汽压亏缺 VPD (kPa)	1.66	1.28	2.45	1.99	1.24	1.07
	空气温度 AT (℃)	17.28	21.45	28.27	24.28	21.94	12.86
	空气相对湿度 ARH (%)	47.63	76.85	77.89	78.44	79.47	68.10
	风速 WS (m·s^-1)	0.47	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.25	0.47
	土壤温度 ST (℃)	14.79	19.01	24.20	23.74	21.72	12.76
	土壤湿度 SRH (%)	22.40	28.03	25.69	22.19	23.13	26.93
启动时间 Start-up time		7:00	6:00	6:00	6:00	7:00	8:00
到达峰值时间 Peak time		11:00	11:00	10:00	10:00	11:00	12:00
峰值 Peak value (cm·h^-1)		11.69±0.66a	17.36±1.15b	20.77±1.28c	20.85±1.32c	16.07±0.94b	12.01±0.85a
迅速下降时间 Fall time		16:00	17:00	17:00	17:00	16:00	14:00
峰值持续时间 Duration of peak value (h)		5	6	7	7	5	2
平均液流速率 Mean sap flow rate (cm·h^-1)		5.41±0.34b	7.55±0.49c	9.16±0.62d	9.46±0.49d	6.13±0.44b	3.48±0.23a

日期（月-日） Date (M-D)	白昼 Day time	夜晚 Night time
5-16	6:00—18:00	19:00—5:00
6-7	6:00—18:00	19:00—5:00
7-8	6:00—18:00	19:00—5:00
8-10	6:00—18:00	19:00—5:00
9-10	7:00—17:00	18:00—6:00
10-20	7:00—16:00	17:00一6:00

日期（月-日） Date (M-D)	夜间主要气象因子均值与液流量 Nocturnal mean of main meteorological factors and sap flow			白天主要气象因子均值与液流量 Diurnal mean of main meteorological factors and sap flow			单日液流量 Sap flow (g·d^-1)	夜间液流量占比 Nocturnal sap flow percentage (%)	白天液流量占比 Diurnal sap flow percentage (%)
日期（月-日） Date (M-D)	空气温度 T (℃)	空气相对湿度 RH (%)	夜晚液流量 Sap flow (g·d^-1)	空气温度T (℃)	空气相对湿度 RH (%)	白天液流量 Sap flow (g·d^-1)	单日液流量 Sap flow (g·d^-1)	夜间液流量占比 Nocturnal sap flow percentage (%)	白天液流量占比 Diurnal sap flow percentage (%)
5-16	10.55	66.05	1470.93±95.61c	22.98	32.04	14899.51±864.17b	16497.44±973.35b	8.99±0.51c	91.01±0.51b
6-7	17.48	92.20	1379.19±97.92bc	24.81	63.86	21640.91±1471.58c	23020.10±1588.39c	5.99±0.33b	94.01±0.33c
7-8	23.76	91.47	1235.41±84.01b	32.08	66.40	26654.66±1466.01d	24805.81±1265.10cd	4.43±0.23a	95.57±0.23d
8-10	19.66	91.17	1069.03±66.27a	28.20	67.68	27723.06±1413.88d	25917.29±1373.62d	3.71±0.24a	96.29±0.24d
9-10	18.59	91.84	1741.80±106.24d	25.91	64.85	16930.396±981.96b	18303.89±933.49b	9.33±0.59c	90.67±0.59b
10-20	9.46	84.19	1494.82±97.16c	17.62	45.58	9102.32±564.34a	10597.14±625.23a	14.11±0.83d	85.89±0.83a