中国农业科学

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最新录用:集雨种植模式下种植密度与行距配置对小麦茎秆糖积累及倒伏性能的影响

覃凤,汪小飞,吴臻,胡一波,王小琴,张家伟,蔡铁   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨陵 712100
  • 发布日期:2022-05-22

Effects of Planting Density and Row Spacing Configuration on Sugar Accumulation and Lodging Performance of Wheat Stem Under Rainfall Harvesting Planting Mode

QIN Feng, WANG XiaoFei, WU Zhen, HU YiBo, WANG XiaoQin, ZHANG JiaWei, CAI Tie   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Online:2022-05-22

摘要: 【目的】分析沟垄集雨种植模式下不同种植密度和行距配置对小麦茎秆糖类化合物积累和抗倒伏性能的影响,明确适应于小麦沟垄集雨种植合理的密度及行距,为进一步稳定和提升小麦产量提供理论依据。【方法】以北方旱区主栽小麦品种西农979为试验材料,于2019—2021年在集雨种植模式下设置两个密度低密度:180万株/hm2;高密度:225万株/hm2和两种行距处理(等行距:20 cm;非等行距:12.5 cm∶35 cm∶12.5 cm),分析不同密度和行距对小麦植株中下部叶片的净光合速率、茎秆非结构性碳水化合物和结构性碳水化合物含量、茎秆折断弯矩和倒伏指数以及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】集雨种植模式下提高种植密度,小麦植株中下部叶片(倒三叶、倒四叶、倒五叶)的净光合速率(Pn)、茎秆基部第二节间非结构性碳水化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖)和结构性碳水化合物(半纤维素、纤维素)含量、茎秆折断弯矩均明显降低,茎秆倒伏指数显著增高;而高密度种植条件下非等行距处理可改变植株各指标,其中,相较于高种植密度+等行距处理,植株倒三叶、倒四叶、倒五叶Pn明显提高,增幅分别为7.7%16.5%5.3%37.7%11.9%24.9%,茎秆葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量分别提高了9.8%—15.0%8.8%—27.4%8.2%—41.1%,半纤维素、纤维素含量分别增加4.5%—19.8%5.9%—31.2%,茎秆折断弯矩提高4.8%—17.3%,茎秆倒伏指数降低10.9%—25.9%,小麦产量亦显著提高了13.5%—15.2%。相关分析表明,小麦茎秆基部节间葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量与半纤维素、纤维素含量呈极显著正相关;小麦茎秆非结构性碳水化合物、结构性碳水化合物与小麦植株中下部叶片Pn及茎秆折断弯矩呈显著正相关,而与倒伏指数呈极显著负相关。【结论】集雨种植模式下,通过非等行距种植调节群体空间分布,可有效提升小麦植株中下部叶片光合速率,促进茎秆糖类物质合成积累,增强小麦茎秆抗倒伏性能,进而降低小麦倒伏发生率,提高籽粒产量。


关键词: 小麦, 集雨种植, 种植密度, 行距配置, 倒伏

Abstract: Objective】To analyze the effects of different planting densities and row spacing configurations on stem carbohydrate accumulation and lodging resistance of wheat under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting mode, to clarify the reasonable density and row spacing of wheat under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting mode, these results provided a theoretical basis for further stabilizing and increasing wheat yield.Method】Xinong 979 which is the main wheat cultivar in the arid area of north was used as the experimental material, in 2019-2021, two densities (low density: 1.8 million plants per hm2; high density: 2.25 million plants per hm2) and two row spacing (equal row spacing: 20 cm; non-equal spacing: 12.5 cm∶35 cm∶12.5 cm) treatments were set in the rainfall harvesting planting mode, we analyzed the effects of different densities and row spacing on photosynthetic rate of middle and lower leaves in wheat plants, contents of stem non-structural carbohydrates and structural carbohydrates, stem breaking moment and lodging index, and grain yield.Result】The photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the middle and lower leaves (inverted three-leaf, inverted four-leaf, and inverted five-leaf) in wheat plants, the contents of non-structural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and structural carbohydrates (hemicellulose, cellulose) in the second internode at the base of stem, and the stem breaking moment were significantly decreased with the increase of planting density in the rainfall harvesting planting mode, the stem lodging index increased significantly; however, under high-density planting condition, non-equal row spacing treatment could significantly change all plant indexes, among them, compared with high planting density + equal spacing treatment, the Pn of inverted three-leaf, inverted four-leaf and inverted five-leaf in plants increased significantly, with increases of 7.7%-16.5%, 5.3%-37.7% and 11.9%-24.9%, respectively, the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose in stems increased by 9.8%-15.0%, 8.8%-27.4% and 8.2%-41.1%, the contents of hemicellulose and cellulose increased by 4.5%-19.8%, 5.9%-31.2%, and the stem breaking moment increased by 4.8%-17.3%, the stem lodging index decreased by 10.9%-25.9%, wheat yield was also significantly increased by 13.5%-15.2%. Correlation analysis showed that, the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose in the basal internode of wheat stem were positively correlated with the contents of hemicellulose and cellulose. Non-structural carbohydrates and structural carbohydrates in wheat stem were positively correlated with Pn of middle and lower leaves and stem breaking moment, however, they were negatively correlated with lodging index.【Conclusion】Under the rainfall harvesting planting mode, adjusting population spatial distribution by non-equal row spacing could effectively increase photosynthetic rate of middle and lower leaves of wheat plants, promote the synthesis and accumulation of sugar substances in stems, enhance the lodging resistance of wheat stem, furthermore, reduce the lodging incidence of wheat and improve grain yield.


Key words: wheat, rainfall harvesting planting, planting density, row spacing configuration, lodging