中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 3629-3639.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国观赏芍药表型多样性解析与资源评价

万映伶1(),朱梦婷1,刘爱青2,金亦佳1,刘燕1()   

  1. 1北京林业大学园林学院/花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室/国家花卉工程技术研究中心/城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京 100083
    2菏泽市城市管理事业发展中心,山东菏泽 274000
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-17 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2022-09-16 发布日期:2022-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘燕
  • 作者简介:葛万映伶,E-mail: wan_yingling@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32071825);北京市科技计划(D161100001916004)

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Ornamental Herbaceous Peonies and Its Germplasm Resource Evaluation

YingLing WAN1(),MengTing ZHU1,AiQing LIU2,YiJia JIN1,Yan LIU1()   

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment/School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2Urban management development center of Heze, Heze 274000, Shandong
  • Received:2021-12-17 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2022-09-16 Published:2022-09-22
  • Contact: LIU Yan

摘要:

【目的】明确中国观赏芍药品种资源多样性水平,并从切花品种农艺性状角度分析资源特点,为种质收集、利用与创新提供理论依据。【方法】采集来自4个主要栽培地的346个中国观赏芍药品种,从品种资源整体和不同栽培地品种两个方面对采集的表型性状进行频率分布统计、变异系数计算和多样性指数计算,并进行聚类分析。【结果】我国观赏芍药品种多个性状多样性丰富,二元性状、有序多态性状和无序多态性状的多样性指数为0.29—1.90,数值性状的多样性指数为1.90—2.08。二元性状、有序多态性状和无序多态性中,花色和花型多样性指数最高,分别为1.90和1.88,其次是花蕾颜色(1.46)和雄蕊瓣化程度(1.42)。数值性状中,株高和茎长多样性指数最高,分别为2.08和2.07,其次是蕾径(2.04)、花径(2.04)和花高(2.01),仅茎粗(1.99)和花梗长(1.90)多样性指数小于2。株高和茎长呈正态分布,株高介于38.50—100.50 cm,茎长介于43.19—120.00 cm;蕾径、花径、花高、茎粗和花梗长等5个指标呈非正态分布,蕾径偏大,分布介于1.22—3.99 cm;花径变异系数最小,为15.65%,分布介于3.11—19.50 cm;花高偏大,分布介于1.73—14.30 cm,变异系数最大,达32.55%;茎粗偏小,分布介于0.18—0.59 cm;花梗长偏小,分布介于5.57—40.00 cm。聚类分析将芍药分为9组,绝大多数组包含来自2—4个栽培地的品种,各组品种的蕾径、花径、茎粗和花梗长间无明显差异,但株高、茎长、花高及雄蕊瓣化程度有一定差异。从切花适用性分析,目前我国观赏栽培品种中受市场喜爱的圆形花蕾且不绽口的品种数量较多,占71.39%;重瓣品种虽然较多,但受市场喜爱的绣球型品种仅占4.9%;79.8%品种花香不明显;71.7%品种有侧蕾;62.7%品种花期为中花期,早花、晚花品种少。不同栽培地品种的株高和茎长无显著差异,但临洮和菏泽品种的茎粗显著高于扬州和洛阳栽培品种,且菏泽品种的蕾径和花径显著更大。【结论】中国观赏芍药的多样性水平较高,作为一种多功能植物,需要注意芍药多样性的保护。但从切花适用角度看,存在直立品种数量少、花香不明显、有侧蕾、花期集中等问题。临洮和菏泽两地栽培品种在茎粗、蕾径和花径上有一定的切花优势。我国芍药品种作为切花筛选和选育尚有不足,各地均需发展创新种质,亟需引入具长茎、单秆、香花和晚花等特征的种质参与育种。

关键词: 芍药, 种质资源, 变异系数, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to estimate the resource diversity of Chinese ornamental herbaceous peonies and to analyze the characteristics of being cut peonies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for germplasm utilization and innovation.【Method】Phenotypic characteristics data of 346 herbaceous peonies from four cultivation areas were collected. Then, according to the whole sample and the samples from different cultivation areas, the frequency distribution, coefficient of variation and diversity index were calculated. Additionally, the varieties were analyzed by clustering.【Result】The cultivars of Chinese ornamental herbaceous peonies were rich in the diversity of many characteristics, with diversity indices of binary, ordered and disordered multistate characteristics of 0.29-1.90 as well as numerical characteristics of 1.90-2.08. In binary, ordered and disordered multistate characteristics, flower color and flower type showed the highest diversity index, i.e., 1.90 and 1.88, respectively, followed by flower bud color (1.46) and degree of stamen petalization (1.42). In numerical characteristics, plant height and stem length had the highest diversity index, i.e., 2.08 and 2.07, respectively, followed by bud diameter (2.04), flower diameter (2.04) and flower height (2.01), and only the diversity indices of stem diameter (1.99) and pedicel length (1.90) were less than 2. Furthermore, the plant height was distributed in the range of 38.50-100.50 cm, stem length was 43.19-120.00 cm, and both were normally distributed. However, bud diameter, flower height, flower diameter, stem diameter and pedicel length showed skewed distributions. Among them, the bud diameter was 1.22-3.99 cm, showing a negatively skewed distribution. The flower diameter was distributed in the range of 3.11-19.50 cm, and the variation coefficient was only 15.65%, ranking it last among the numerical characteristics. The flower height (1.73-14.30 cm) was negatively distributed, with a variation coefficient of 32.55%, ranking it first among the numerical characteristics. Stem diameter (0.18-0.59 cm) and pedicel length (5.57-40.00 cm) were positively skewed. The nine groups were divided by clustering, and the most of the clustering groups included varieties from two to four cultivation areas. Moreover, there were no significant differences in bud diameter, flower diameter, stem diameter or pedicel length among the clustering groups. The plant height, stem length, flower height and degree of stamen petalization were different. Among the samples, 71.39% of the varieties had round flower buds and were nonchapped, which were presently popular in the Chinese market. Many varieties were the double flower type, but the hydrangea type preferred by the market accounted for only 4.9%. Meanwhile, 79.8% of the varieties had no obvious flower fragrance, 71.7% of the varieties had side buds, and 62.7% of the varieties bloomed during the middle flowering period, lacking early- or late-flowering varieties. There were no significant differences in plant height or stem length among the various cultivation areas, while the stem diameters of cultivars from Lintao and Heze were significantly larger than those from Yangzhou and Luoyang. The bud diameter and flower diameter of cultivars from Heze were also significantly larger.【Conclusion】A relatively high diversity of Chinese cultivated ornamental herbaceous peonies was observed, and as a kind of multifunctional plant, the diversity was worth preserving. However, the cultivars were insufficient as cut peonies, lacking cultivars with straight stems, fragrance, single buds and diverse flowering periods. The varieties from Lintao and Heze had some advantages in stem, bud and flower diameters for cut flowers. Cut peony selection and breeding in China was inadequate. Innovative germplasms need to be developed. It is urgent to introduce germplasms with the characteristics of long stems, single flower on one stem, fragrant flowers and late flowering periods for breeding.

Key words: Paeonia lactilfora, germplasm resources, coefficient of variation, genetic diversity