RNA生物农药的商业化现状及存在问题

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.15.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

RNA生物农药是利用RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）原理,通过抑制生物体重要功能基因的表达,造成有害生物发育停滞或死亡,进而达到病虫害防控的目的。该技术不会改变有害生物的基因组,也不会对生态系统造成不良影响。由于RNA生物农药具有精准、高效、绿色无污染等优势,受到了植物保护专家的重视,将其称为“农药史上的第三次革命”。近年来,随着拜耳公司表达昆虫dsRNA的抗虫玉米MON87411获得多个国家的安全证书,引起各大传统农化公司投入大量人力物力进行布局和产品开发。此外,还吸引了资本市场的关注,涌现了一大批基于RNAi技术进行病虫害防控的新兴公司,极大地加速了RNA生物农药的产业化步伐。随着RNA生物农药的快速发展,必将改变全球农药市场格局,这无疑是一种新的挑战。尽管我国在该领域的研发起步较早,起点也很高,但是,大多数研究主要集中在基础理论,而应用开发相对薄弱,已经远远落后于国际同行。与传统农药相比,RNA生物农药无论是作用机理还是应用开发,均有其独特之处,亟需监管部门建立匹配的研发、应用、生产等技术标准。完善相应的法律法规,对生产进行监督指导,促进我国RNA生物农药的快速发展,降低国际农药巨头在该领域形成技术垄断的风险。基于此,本文系统总结了目前RNA生物农药的国内外研发现状、商业化概况、未来发展趋势及欧美国家针对RNA生物农药相关的法规政策。此外,本文也指出了RNA生物农药在研发以及产业化过程中一些亟需解决的问题,期望为国内RNA生物农药开发与监管提供有益的参考。

关键词: RNA干扰, RNA生物农药, 病虫害防治, 商业化进展, 政策法规

Abstract:

RNA biopesticides use the principle of RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit the expression of important genes in target organisms, causing the developmental retardation or death of harmful organisms, thereby achieving the purpose of pest control. The technology does not alter the genome of pests and cause adverse effects on the ecosystem. RNA biopesticides are called “the third revolution in the history of pesticides” because they have the advantages of precision, high efficiency, green and pollution-free, etc. In recent years, with the approval of Bayer’s insect-resistant transgenic maize MON87411 which expressing insect dsRNA, major traditional agrochemical companies have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in layout and product development. In addition, it has also attracted the attention of the capital market, and large numbers of companies based on RNAi technology for pest control have emerged, which has greatly accelerated the industrialization of RNA biopesticides. With the rapid development of RNA biopesticides, it will be bound to change the global pesticide market pattern, which is undoubtedly a new challenge. Although the R&D program in this field started early and the starting point is relatively high in our country, most of the research mainly focuses on basic theories, and the application development is relatively weak, which has lagged far behind the international counterparts. Compared with traditional pesticides, RNA biopesticides have their own unique features in both mechanism and application development. It is urgent to improve the corresponding laws and regulations to supervise and guide production, promote the rapid development of RNA biopesticides in our country, and reduce the risk of international pesticide giants forming a technological monopoly in this field. Based on this, this paper systematically summarized the current domestic and foreign R&D status, commercialization, and future development trends of RNA biopesticides, as well as the regulations and policies related to RNA biopesticides in Europe, the United States and other countries. In addition, the paper also pointed out some urgent problems in the progress of R&D and industrialization of RNA biopesticides, hoping to provide a useful reference for the development and supervision of RNA biopesticides in China.

Key words: RNA interference (RNAi), RNA biopesticide, pest control, commercialization progress, policies and regulations

关若冰,李海超,苗雪霞. RNA生物农药的商业化现状及存在问题[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(15): 2949-2960.

GUAN RuoBing,LI HaiChao,MIAO XueXia. Commercialization Status and Existing Problems of RNA Biopesticides[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(15): 2949-2960.

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