关键词: 葡萄, 无核性, 分子标记, 通用性, 鉴定

Abstract:

【Objective】Seedlessness is an important agronomic trait in table grape breeding studies. The accuracy of molecular markers linked to seedless genes will substantially influence the early selection of seedless grapes. In this study, five previously reported seedless molecular markers against 183 genotypes were assessed to determine their efficacy for the selection of seedless plants and to provide alternative strategies for the breeding of seedless grapevines based on marker-assisted selection. 【Method】 Leaf samples for DNA extraction were obtained from 96 grape cultivars (63 seedless and 33 seeded cultivars) and 87 F₁ hybrids (61 seedless and 26 seeded hybrids) from a cross between ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Dawn Seedless’. The previously reported primer pairs for five markers (SCF27-2000, GSLP1-569, VMC7f2, p3_VvAGL11, and 5U_VviAGL11) were used for PCR amplification. The presence of markers in cultivars and hybrid genotypes was detected by running the PCR products on 1.5% agarose gels, 8% polyacrylamide gels, or by fluorescence capillary electrophoresis. 【Result】 The primer for the SCAR marker GSLP1-569 amplified a 569-bp segment in the 96 grape cultivars, which showed 40.6% accuracy and 63.6% efficiency in the detection of seedless cultivars. The primers for the SCAR marker SCF27-2000 amplified a 2000-bp segment in the 96 grape cultivars and 87 F₁ hybrids, with an accuracy of 71.9% and an efficiency of 76.54% for detection of the seedless trait in the 96 cultivars, and an accuracy of 70.5% and efficiency of 78.5% in the 87 F₁ hybrids. Among the 96 assessed cultivars, the SSR marker VMC7f2 identified eight alleles, a 189-bp allele of which was found to be most significantly associated with seedlessness based on a Chi-square (χ²) independence test, and detected seedless genotypes with an accuracy of 85.4% and an efficiency of 85.5%. Among the 96 cultivars, the SSR marker p3_VvAGL11 identified seven alleles, among which, a 187-bp allele was found to be most significantly associated with seedlessness and detected seedless genotypes with an accuracy of 89.6% and efficiency of 90.7%. Among the F₁ hybrids, the accuracy and efficiency of this marker were 87.65% and 91.1%, respectively, whereas it showed false-positive and false-negative rates of 6.17% and 6.17%, respectively. Among the 96 grape cultivars, the SSR marker 5U_VviAGL11 identified 17 alleles, of which, a 306-bp allele was found to be most significantly associated with the detection of seedlessness, identifying seedless genotypes with an accuracy of 88.5% and an efficiency of 90.6%. Among the F₁ hybrids, the accuracy and efficiency of 5U_VviAGL11 were 88.89% and 92.7%, respectively, with false-positive and false-negative rates of 4.94% and 6.17%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The SSR markers 5U_VviAGL11 and p3_VvAGL11 showed higher accuracy and efficiency with respect to the detection of grape germplasm and genetic population. These markers should be given priority for future molecular marker-assisted selection based on seedless genes in the grapevine.

Key words: Vitis vinifera L., seedlessness, molecular marker, commonality, identification