中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 2510-2522.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

48份玉米自交系抗病性的精准鉴定

赵子麒1(),赵雅琪1(),林昌朋1,赵永泽1,余宇潇1,孟庆立2,曾广莹3,薛吉全1,杨琴1()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部西北旱区玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
    2宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山 722499
    3镇坪县农业科学研究所,陕西镇坪 725600
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-02 接受日期:2020-12-29 出版日期:2021-06-16 发布日期:2021-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 杨琴
  • 作者简介:赵子麒,E-mail:zhaoziqi@nwafu.edu.cn。|赵雅琪,E-mail:zhaoyaqi@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家高层次人才计划青年项目(31872871);国家自然科学基金(31872871)

Precise Evaluation of 48 Maize Inbred Lines to Major Diseases

ZHAO ZiQi1(),ZHAO YaQi1(),LIN ChangPeng1,ZHAO YongZe1,YU YuXiao1,MENG QingLi2,ZENG GuangYing3,XUE JiQuan1,YANG Qin1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2Baoji Institute of Agricultural Science, Qishan 722499, Shaanxi
    3Zhenping Institute of Agricultural Science, Zhenping 725600, Shaanxi
  • Received:2020-11-02 Accepted:2020-12-29 Online:2021-06-16 Published:2021-06-24
  • Contact: Qin YANG

摘要:

【目的】结合已克隆抗病基因的分子标记,对来自陕A群、陕B群的30份核心自交系和18份国内外优良种质进行抗病性鉴定,为玉米抗病育种奠定基础。【方法】2019年、2020年分别在陕西省不同地点开展茎腐病、穗腐病、大斑病和小斑病的田间接种鉴定,以及灰斑病的田间自然发病鉴定。试验采用随机区组设计,每个试验设置2—3个重复。采用苗期高粱粒接种法接种大斑病和小斑病,在乳熟后期,对大斑病、小斑病和灰斑病进行病情分级鉴定;在玉米抽雄期,采用土埋伤根法接种禾谷镰孢茎腐病,生理成熟后进行劈茎调查;采用花丝通道和针刺果穗接种法,分2次接种禾谷镰孢穗腐病,玉米生理成熟后进行调查。分别计算不同病害病情指数的最佳线性无偏预测(best linear unbiased predictions,BLUPs),并分析两两病害之间的相关性。对已克隆抗病基因进行功能分子标记基因型鉴定。【结果】对48份自交系开展5种病害田间鉴定,筛选到9份高抗大斑病自交系、2份高抗小斑病自交系、10份抗灰斑病自交系、5份高抗禾谷镰孢茎腐病自交系和5份抗禾谷镰孢穗腐病自交系。1145、CML170、KA103等8份自交系兼抗3种叶斑病。对5种病害综合抗性表现优良的材料有7份,包括1145、CML170、KA105、KB020、X178、沈137和郑58。5种病害相关性分析发现,禾谷镰孢茎腐病与3种叶斑病抗性呈极显著正相关,与穗腐病抗性无相关性。对已知抗病基因鉴定表明,1145、KA081和沈137携带抗禾谷镰孢茎腐病的qRfg1位点,KB109携带抗炭疽茎腐病的Rcg1位点,带有抗大斑病基因Htn1和多抗小斑病、灰斑病基因ZmCCoAOMT2的材料较多。【结论】1145、CML170、KA105、KB020、X178、沈137和郑58对5种病害综合抗性表现良好,可作为供体亲本进行自交系的综合抗性改良。沈137携带抗病的qRfg1Htn1ZmCCoAOMT2等位基因,可用于分子标记辅助改良。

关键词: 玉米, 抗病性, 大斑病, 小斑病, 灰斑病, 茎腐病, 穗腐病

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to provide valuable resources to the maize community for enhancing disease resistance, we selected 30 core maize inbred lines from Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups, and 18 major maize germplasms worldwide for disease resistance evaluation and resistance gene identification.【Method】Gibberella stalk rot, Gibberella ear rot, northern leaf blight (NLB) and southern leaf blight (SLB) were artificially inoculated, while gray leaf spot (GLS) was naturally infected in replicated field trials at different locations in 2019 and 2020. A randomized complete block design was adopted with two to three replicates being evaluated at each location. Sorghum grain inoculum was artificially inoculated to the whorl of each plant at the seedling stage for NLB and SLB. Gibberella stalk rot was artificially inoculated using corn grain inoculum buried next to the root of each plant at heading time, while Gibberella ear rot was artificially inoculated by injecting conidial suspension through the silk channel and the husk separately. The best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) were estimated and correlation coefficients were calculated between each pair of the disease resistance. Disease resistance genes were genotyped using functional markers. 【Result】Nine highly resistant (HR) lines for NLB, two HR lines for SLB, ten resistant (R) lines for GLS, five HR lines for stalk rot, and five R lines for ear rot resistance were identified out of the 48 maize germplasms. Eight inbred lines showed multiple disease resistance to the three foliar diseases, such as 1145, CML170, and so on. We identified seven elite inbred lines showing good performance for all the five diseases, including 1145, CML170, KA105, KB020, X178, Shen137, and Zheng58. NLB, SLB, GLS, and Gibberella stalk rot resistance were significantly positively correlated, while Gibberella ear rot was not correlated with the other four diseases. 1145, KA081, and Shen137 contain the resistant qRfg1 allele. KB109 harbors the resistant Rcg1 allele. Many inbred lines carry the resistant Htn1 and ZmCCoAOMT2 alleles.【Conclusion】1145, CML170, KA105, KB020, X178, Shen137, and Zheng58 could be selected for multiple disease resistance improvement in breeding program. Shen137 is the best line for marker-assisted selection for qRfg1, Htn1, and ZmCCoAOMT2 loci.

Key words: maize, disease resistance, northern leaf blight, southern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, stalk rot, ear rot