黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒脱水特性研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 708-719.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒脱水特性研究

徐田军(),吕天放(),赵久然(),王荣焕(),邢锦丰,张勇,蔡万涛,刘月娥,刘秀芝,陈传永,王元东,刘春阁

北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京 100097

收稿日期:2020-04-27 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-02-16 发布日期:2021-02-16
通讯作者: 赵久然,王荣焕
作者简介:徐田军,E-mail： xtjxtjbb@163.com。|吕天放,E-mail： 314565358@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101202);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-11);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180423);北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队建设项目(JNKYT201603)

The Grain Dehydration Characteristics of the Main Summer Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

XU TianJun(),LÜ TianFang(),ZHAO JiuRan(),WANG RongHuan(),XING JinFeng,ZHANG Yong,CAI WanTao,LIU YueE,LIU XiuZhi,CHEN ChuanYong,WANG YuanDong,LIU ChunGe

Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097

Received:2020-04-27 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-02-16 Published:2021-02-16
Contact: JiuRan ZHAO,RongHuan WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】籽粒机收是现代玉米生产发展的趋势和方向。生理成熟期籽粒含水率及生理成熟后籽粒物理脱水速率是决定玉米能否机收籽粒的关键因素,明确不同玉米品种籽粒脱水特性差异及其影响因素,可为机收籽粒玉米品种选育和推广提供理论依据。【方法】2017—2018年,以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料,测定籽粒含水率的动态变化,分析不同玉米品种籽粒脱水特性的差异及其影响因素。【结果】生理成熟期和收获期籽粒含水率在品种间存在显著差异,平均为30.67%（CV=2.58%）和23.66%（CV=9.10%）。生理成熟前籽粒生理降水速率和生理成熟后籽粒物理脱水速率在品种间存在显著差异,平均为0.69 %·d^-1和0.48 %·d^-1。3种熟期类型品种,中早熟品种生理成熟后籽粒物理脱水速率平均为0.55 %·d^-1,分别较中熟品种和中晚熟品种高14.58%和44.74%。参试品种产量平均为10 205.90 kg·hm^-2,变幅为8 809.13—11 053.73 kg·hm^-2;3种熟期类型品种中,中熟品种产量（10 484.25 kg·hm^-2）>中晚熟品种（10 096.08 kg·hm^-2）>中早熟品种（9 522.81 kg·hm^-2）,中早熟品种和中熟品种以京农科728和NK815产量最高,分别为10 569.00和11 053.50 kg·hm^-2。相关分析表明,籽粒脱水速率与叶片、苞叶、穗轴、穗柄、全株和茎秆脱水速率及风速呈极显著正相关;与大气温度呈显著正相关;与大气湿度呈显著负相关。以籽粒脱水速率和产量建立散点图,采用双向平均法将参试品种划分为4种类型,其中,以早熟脱水快的玉米骨干自交系京2416及其改良系京2418为父本组配的耐密抗倒国审品种京农科728、MC812、MC121和京农科729属于籽粒脱水快、产量高的品种（生育期平均为108.88 d;生理成熟后籽粒物理脱水速率平均为0.57 %·d^-1,收获时籽粒含水率为21.81%;产量平均为10 811.33 kg·hm^-2）。【结论】综合分析参试玉米品种的熟期、籽粒脱水特性及产量表现,在黄淮海夏播玉米区选择种植京农科728、MC812、MC121和京农科729等中早熟及中熟、脱水快、产量高的玉米品种,可实现收获期较低籽粒含水率和较高产量水平。

关键词: 黄淮海区, 夏玉米, 京农科728, 籽粒, 脱水特性

Abstract:

【Objective】Grain mechanical harvesting is the developing direction of modern maize production in China. The moisture content at physiological maturity (PM) and grain dehydration rate after PM are the key factors for realizing maize grain mechanical harvesting. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences and influencing factors for the dehydration characteristics of different maize varieties, so as to provide a theoretical instruction for the breeding and extending of grain mechanical harvesting varieties.【Method】Taking18 main maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region as research materials, the field experiment was conducted in 2017-2018, and the dynamics of maize grain moisture content were tested to study and clarify the differences and influencing factors for the dehydration characteristics.【Result】The moisture content of different maize varieties at PM and harvesting differed significantly, with an average of 30.67% (CV=2.58%) and 23.66% (CV=9.10%). There were significant differences between grain dehydration rate before and after PM of the tested varieties, with an average of 0.69%·d^-1 and 0.48%·d^-1, respectively. The average physical dehydration rate after PM of middle early maturing varieties was 0.55%·d^-1, which was 14.58% and 44.74% higher than that of middle maturing and middle late maturing varieties, respectively. The average yield of the tested varieties was 10 205.90 kg·hm^-2, with the range of 8 809.13-11 053.73 kg·hm^-2. The yield of middle maturity variety (10 484.25 kg·hm^-2) > middle late maturing variety (10 096.08 kg·hm^-2) > middle early maturing variety (9 522.81 kg·hm^-2), and Jingnongke728 and NK815 had the highest yield of 10 569.00 and 11 053.50 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the dehydration rate of grain was significantly positively correlated with the dehydration rate of leaves, bracts, rachis, stalk, whole plant and stem and wind speed. There was significantly positively correlated with atmospheric temperature and negatively correlated with atmospheric humidity. The varieties were divided into 4 types according to the grain dehydrate rate and yield by two-way average method. JNK728, JNK729, MC812 and MC121 were selected by using maize core inbred Jing2416 and its improved inbred Jing2418, which were characterized by early maturity and fast dehydrating rate as the male parent belongs to the fast dehydration rate and high yield type (The average growth period was 108.9 d; The average grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity was 0.57 %·d^-1; The moisture content of grain at harvest was 21.81%; The average yield was 10 811.33 kg·hm^-2).【Conclusion】According to the growth period, grain dehydration rat and yield level, the maize varieties of JNK728, MC812, JNK729 and MC121 were characterized by medium-early and medium maturity, fast dehydration rate and high yield, and could realize lower grain moisture content and higher yield level in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: Huang-Huai-Hai region, summer maize, Jingnongke728, grain, dehydration characteristics

徐田军,吕天放,赵久然,王荣焕,邢锦丰,张勇,蔡万涛,刘月娥,刘秀芝,陈传永,王元东,刘春阁. 黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒脱水特性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(4): 708-719.

XU TianJun,LÜ TianFang,ZHAO JiuRan,WANG RongHuan,XING JinFeng,ZHANG Yong,CAI WanTao,LIU YueE,LIU XiuZhi,CHEN ChuanYong,WANG YuanDong,LIU ChunGe. The Grain Dehydration Characteristics of the Main Summer Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 708-719.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I4/708

图/表 10

表1

图1

图2

表2

参试品种产量及产量构成要素"

品种 Variety	公顷穗数 Ears per hectare		穗粒数Grain number per ear		百粒重100-grain weight (g)		产量Yield (kg·hm^-2)
品种 Variety	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
JNK728	63576.4±189.5gh	65345.1±134.5b	494.4±11.4de	483.4±8.9e	35.9±1.1ab	34.5±1.2de	10734.5±84.5e	10403.5±93.9d
JNK729	63513.7±206.4h	64091.3±165.2f	524.0±10.8ab	519.3±11.5c	34.3±1.1def	34.1±1.1ef	10918.0±296ab	10727.0±192.0c
MC812	63132.8±193.2i	63000.4±152.2i	533.6±2.3a	548.0±8.0a	33.9±0.7efg	33.6±1.1fg	10850.0±118bc	10876.1±283.0b
MC121	64537.2±202.6e	62092.3±167.4l	527.1±2.6ab	542.3±8.1a	34.1±1.3efg	34.8±1.4cde	10940.5±224.3ab	11041.0±131.0a
NK815	62093.2±159.3n	62546.4±142.1k	533.2±1.7a	535.1±11.5b	34.8±1.9cde	35.1±1.2cd	11011.5±143.9a	11095.5±140.0a
MC703	63544.5±206.4gh	62998.3±167.4i	532.5±1.2a	545.3±19.0a	34.7±1.3cdef	35.2±1.3bcd	10597.0±83.7e	10652.0±171.2c
MC278	63621.1±192.6g	63871.8±133.3g	472.7±4.0g	463.5±9.2g	34.2±1.0def	34.9±0.9cde	10285.2±83.4f	10332.0±227.5de
SK567	65556.6±200.3c	64826.6±136.4d	441.0±4.0ij	437.6±7.0i	30.1±1.3k	30.4±1.0h	9498.5±149.6ij	9023.0±156.1j
ZD958	66134.4±145.1b	65012.4±172.1c	450.1±2.6hi	452.6±11.3h	32.8±2.2hi	33.2±0.9g	10206.5±161.9f	10069.5±174.6f
XY335	62557.5±209.2k	60740.0±189.4o	512.1±9.7c	515.9±6.6c	33.6±1.0fgh	34.1±1.1ef	10764.0±174.6cd	10685.5±138.1c
DH605	62355.4±100.6m	61095.6±146.9n	522.4±4.1b	533.4±11.3b	34.8±1.2cde	35.3±1.1bcd	10694.1±130.8de	10755.5±106.3bc
NH101	62677.5±145.7j	61864.3±162.6m	443.1±4.4ij	453.3±6.8h	36.9±1.4a	37.3±1.2a	9701.5±162gh	9613.5±84.5h
HM1	67105.4±159.3a	64997.8±142.7c	485.7±6.1ef	499.7±13.2d	29.0±0.5l	29.1±0.5i	9452.0±194.6j	9451.5±179.3i
LC808	62154.2±149.3n	63555.7±178.5h	496.3±9.7d	504.1±6.1d	35.7±1.1bc	36.0±0.6b	9595.0±98.4hi	10263.5±104.5e
DK517	64007.2±153.6f	62843.0±177.4j	436.3±11.7j	423.9±12.7j	31.9±1.3ij	32.7±1.1g	8908.5±120k	8711.0±145.1k
WK702	65062.4±163.1d	64813.3±153.2d	477.0±5.8fg	475.1±11.4f	33.1±1.5gh	33.3±0.8fg	10272.5±136.5f	10254.0±134.2e
LY35	67156.0±167.6a	66975.2±199.8a	455.1±6.2h	465.1±9.7g	31.1±0.9jk	31.3±0.9h	9505.0±135.9ij	9750.0±152.4g
YF303	62442.7±145.2l	64454.6±203.5e	446.0±2.8hij	437.0±5.5i	35.2±0.9bcd	35.4±1.1bc	9803.0±83.8g	9971.0±149.4f
均方 Mean squares (ANOVA)	年份 Year	**		NS		NS		NS
	品种 Variety	**		**		**		**
	年份×品种Year×Variety	**		**		**		**

表2

表3

表4

参试品种籽粒含水率和脱水速率"

品种 Variety	生理成熟期籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content at physiological maturity (%)		收获期籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content at harvest (%)		生理成熟前籽粒生理降水速率 Grain dehydration rate before physiological maturity (%·d^-1)		生理成熟后籽粒物理脱水速率 Grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity (%·d^-1)		总脱水速率 Total dehydration rate (%·d^-1)
品种 Variety	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
JNK728	30.73±0.80bcd	31.47±0.95bcd	20.87±1.05g	20.10±0.26i	0.87±0.01a	0.88±0.01a	0.57±0.05ab	0.57±0.06ab	0.72±0.07a	0.73±0.05a
JNK729	30.40±0.44def	31.90±1.49ab	22.57±0.95f	23.23±1.17g	0.66±0.06ef	0.64±0.09fgh	0.59±0.07a	0.58±0.04a	0.63±0.04b	0.61±0.03b
MC812	29.20±0.30i	29.60±0.85g	20.80±0.72g	21.37±1.05h	0.69±0.07cdef	0.67±0.04def	0.58±0.07a	0.55±0.06abc	0.64±0.10b	0.61±0.06bc
MC121	29.63±0.84hi	30.43±0.32ef	22.10±0.95f	23.43±1.59fg	0.67±0.04bcd	0.66±0.04defg	0.54±0.04b	0.54±0.04bc	0.61±0.07b	0.60±0.07bc
NK815	29.87±0.71gh	30.30±0.50fg	23.83±1.46de	24.30±1.25ef	0.68±0.04def	0.67±0.09defg	0.45±0.04efg	0.43±0.02gh	0.57±0.07cde	0.55±0.07cde
MC703	30.07±0.49fg	30.37±0.25efg	22.87±1.33ef	23.47±0.76fg	0.75±0.03b	0.73±0.05bb	0.48±0.04de	0.46±0.03fg	0.62±0.04bc	0.60±0.06bc
MC278	30.27±0.47efg	30.70±0.53def	22.27±1.86f	23.80±2.19fg	0.74±0.02bc	0.72±0.04bc	0.47±0.06ef	0.46±0.05fg	0.61±0.06bc	0.59±0.05bcd
SK567	30.17±0.35fg	30.60±0.70ef	22.60±1.31f	23.90±1.64fg	0.69±0.05cdef	0.65±0.06efgh	0.53±0.04b	0.51±0.06cd	0.61±0.05bc	0.58±0.06bcd
ZD958	30.70±0.50bcd	31.10±1.14cde	24.63±1.12cd	25.77±1.62cd	0.67±0.08ef	0.63±0.02gh	0.37±0.05h	0.35±0.07i	0.52±0.12f	0.49±0.07fg
XY335	30.13±1.01fgh	30.37±0.42efg	22.77±1.19f	23.13±1.14g	0.70±0.02bcde	0.69±0.05cde	0.51±0.09cd	0.49±0.07ef	0.61±0.05bc	0.59±0.05bcd
DH605	31.97±0.68a	31.93±1.00ab	26.23±1.12b	26.80±1.30bc	0.70±0.04bcde	0.68±0.07cde	0.36±0.02h	0.34±0.03i	0.53±0.05ef	0.51±0.04efg
NH101	31.10±0.85bc	30.33±0.47efg	24.10±1.31cd	24.43±1.76ef	0.70±0.04bcde	0.69±0.06cde	0.43±0.03g	0.40±0.06h	0.57±0.07cde	0.54±0.03def
HM1	30.07±0.75fgh	30.33±0.74efg	20.07±1.07g	20.23±0.59i	0.88±0.08a	0.85±0.06a	0.54±0.06bc	0.53±0.04bcd	0.71±0.04a	0.69±0.06a
LC808	31.17±0.96a	30.87±0.81def	22.97±1.60ef	23.53±1.57fg	0.59±0.04	0.58±0.10i	0.51±0.06cd	0.49±0.04def	0.55±0.01def	0.54±0.03def
DK517	29.37±0.74i	30.17±0.85fg	22.97±1.00ef	22.03±0.64h	0.64±0.05fg	0.62±0.05h	0.57±0.06ab	0.55±0.05ab	0.61±0.04bc	0.58±0.05bcd
WK702	31.87±1.01a	32.47±1.12a	27.50±1.18a	28.33±0.84a	0.68±0.03def	0.66±0.06defg	0.31±0.03i	0.28±0.06j	0.50±0.05f	0.47±0.05g
LY35	30.70±0.56cde	31.73±1.36abc	24.83±1.29c	25.17±1.06de	0.68±0.07def	0.66±0.05defg	0.45±0.05efg	0.43±0.1gh	0.57±0.06cde	0.54±0.1def
YF303	30.50±0.40def	31.67±0.97bc	26.93±0.72ab	27.83±1.36ab	0.58±0.06h	0.54±0.10j	0.48±0.06de	0.46±0.06fg	0.53±0.03ef	0.50±0.13fg
均方 Mean squares (ANOVA)	年份 Year	NS		NS		NS		NS		NS
	品种 Variety	**		**		**		**		**
	年份×品种 Year×Variety	*		*		*		*		*

表4

图3

表5

表6

图4

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品种 Variety	母本 Female inbred	父本 Male inbred	2017			2018
品种 Variety	母本 Female inbred	父本 Male inbred	出苗期 Emergence stage (M-D)	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity (M-D)	生育期 Growth period (d)	出苗期 Emergence stage (M-D)	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity (M-D)	生育期 Growth period (d)
京农科728 JNK728	京MC01 JingMC01	京2416 Jing2416	06-15	09-29	106	06-16	09-27	103
京农科729 JNK729	京MC01 JingMC01	京2418 Jing2418	06-15	10-04	111	06-16	10-02	108
MC812	京B547 JingB547	京2416 Jing2416	06-15	10-03	110	06-16	10-04	110
MC121	京72464 Jing72464	京2416 Jing2416	06-15	10-06	113	06-16	10-04	110
NK815	京B547 JingB547	C1120	06-15	10-08	115	06-16	10-06	112
MC703	京X005 JingX005	京17 Jing17	06-15	10-04	111	06-16	10-06	112
MC278	京X005 JingX005	京27 Jing27	06-15	10-05	112	06-16	10-04	110
SK567	SK516	SK1098	06-15	09-28	105	06-16	10-01	107
郑单958 ZD958	郑58 Zheng58	昌7-2 Chang7-2	06-15	10-13	120	06-16	10-11	117
先玉335 XY335	PH6WC	PH4CV	06-15	10-07	114	06-16	10-07	113
登海605 DH605	DH351	DH382	06-15	10-07	114	06-16	10-09	115
农华101 NH101	NH60	S121	06-15	10-03	110	06-16	10-05	111
华美1号 HM1	HF12202	HM12111	06-15	09-27	104	06-16	09-27	103
联创808 LC808	CT3566	CT3354	06-15	10-05	112	06-16	10-08	114
迪卡517 DK517	D1798Z	HCL645	06-15	09-29	106	06-16	10-03	109
伟科702 WK702	WK858	WK798-2	06-15	10-13	120	06-16	10-11	117
蠡玉35 LY35	L5895	912	06-15	10-06	113	06-16	10-10	116
裕丰303 YF303	CT1669	CT3354	06-15	10-12	119	06-16	10-11	117

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	x1	x2	x3	x4
x1	1
x2	-0.01	1
x3	0.33*	0.27	1
x4	0.34*	0.83**	0.49**	1

品种 Variety	脱水速率Dehydration rate (%·d^-1)
品种 Variety	叶片 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	穗轴 Cob	穗柄 Ear stalk	茎秆 Stalk	整株 Whole plant
JNK728	1.50±0.06a	1.46±0.11a	0.60±0.07a	0.49±0.09a	0.42±0.05a	0.71±0.04a
JNK729	1.44±0.12ab	1.41±0.13abcd	0.52±0.05bc	0.31±0.06cd	0.39±0.06a	0.60±0.05bc
MC812	1.40±0.07bc	1.40±0.06abcd	0.49±0.08bcd	0.31±0.03cde	0.32±0.05b	0.55±0.11cd
MC121	1.31±0.09de	1.28±0.14ef	0.36±0.06ef	0.23±0.04ghi	0.25±0.03efg	0.45±0.06ef
NK815	1.26±0.10ef	1.28±0.13ef	0.34±0.07ef	0.23±0.02ghi	0.24±0.02efg	0.45±0.09ef
MC703	1.45±0.03ab	1.43±0.05abc	0.52±0.04bc	0.34±0.10bc	0.40±0.07a	0.61±0.06bc
MC278	1.39±0.15bcd	1.37±0.13bcd	0.47±0.10cd	0.28±0.06def	0.31±0.06bc	0.50±0.06de
SK567	1.34±0.11cd	1.34±0.07de	0.38±0.05e	0.25±0.04fg	0.28±0.07cde	0.48±0.11def
ZD958	1.14±0.11g	1.16±0.11g	0.20±0.04i	0.16±0.04jk	0.16±0.03j	0.33±0.07i
XY335	1.34±0.11cd	1.35±0.13cde	0.45±0.05d	0.26±0.05efg	0.29±0.06bcd	0.50±0.07de
DH605	1.21±0.13fg	1.19±0.09g	0.24±0.03hi	0.18±0.03ijk	0.18±0.04ij	0.38±0.05ghi
NH101	1.26±0.13ef	1.21±0.08fg	0.32±0.03fg	0.19±0.05hijk	0.22±0.03gh	0.44±0.03efg
HM1	1.49±0.13a	1.45±0.09ab	0.55±0.07ab	0.39±0.06b	0.41±0.05a	0.67±0.12ab
LC808	1.23±0.11f	1.21±0.03fg	0.27±0.04gh	0.18±0.06jk	0.20±0.06hi	0.41±0.04fgh
DK517	1.32±0.08de	1.32±0.09de	0.37±0.06ef	0.24±0.07fgh	0.26±0.05def	0.47±0.11ef
WK702	0.91±0.02h	0.63±0.15h	0.18±0.04i	0.15±0.03k	0.16±0.05j	0.21±0.07j
LY35	1.26±0.09ef	1.22±0.08fg	0.33±0.09ef	0.21±0.04ghij	0.23±0.10fgh	0.44±0.08efg
YF303	1.19±0.09fg	1.18±0.06g	0.20±0.02i	0.17±0.03jk	0.17±0.04ij	0.34±0.09hi

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	x1	x2	x3	x4	x5	x6	x7	x8	x9	x10
x1	1
x2	0.96**	1
x3	0.92**	0.80**	1
x4	0.85**	0.71**	0.93**	1
x5	0.90**	0.75**	0.98**	0.94**	1
x6	0.97**	0.87**	0.96**	0.94**	0.96**	1
x7	0.73**	0.61*	0.51*	0.45	0.39	0.56*	1
x8	-0.58*	-0.55*	-0.45	-0.41	-0.52*	-0.57*	0.62**	1
x9	0.73**	0.70**	0.59*	-0.42	-0.57*	-0.51*	-0.67**	-0.97**	1
x10	0.89**	0.76**	0.94**	0.96**	0.92**	0.95**	-0.56*	0.53*	0.63**	1

黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒脱水特性研究

The Grain Dehydration Characteristics of the Main Summer Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

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