中国食用豆产业和种业发展现状与未来展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 493-503.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.004

• 专题:主要杂粮作物产业与种业现状及发展方向 • 上一篇下一篇

中国食用豆产业和种业发展现状与未来展望

陈红霖¹(),田静²,朱振东¹,张耀文³,陈巧敏⁴,周素梅⁵,王丽侠¹,刘玉皎⁶,何玉华⁷,尹凤祥⁸,魏淑红⁹,程须珍¹()

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
²河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄 050035
³山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原 030031
⁴农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014
⁵中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京 100193
⁶青海大学农林科学院,西宁 810016
⁷云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明 650205
⁸吉林省白城市农业科学院,吉林白城 137000
⁹黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所,哈尔滨 150086

收稿日期:2020-08-14 接受日期:2020-11-19 出版日期:2021-02-01 发布日期:2021-02-01
通讯作者: 程须珍
作者简介:陈红霖,E-mail: chenhonglin@caas.cn。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-08)

Current Status and Future Prospective of Food Legumes Production and Seed Industry in China

CHEN HongLin¹(),TIAN Jing²,ZHU ZhenDong¹,ZHANG YaoWen³,CHEN QiaoMin⁴,ZHOU SuMei⁵,WANG LiXia¹,LIU YuJiao⁶,HE YuHua⁷,YIN FengXiang⁸,WEI ShuHong⁹,CHENG XuZhen¹()

¹Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
²Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035
³Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan 030031
⁴Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
⁵Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
⁶Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science of Qinghai University, Xining 810016
⁷Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
⁸Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, Jilin
⁹Crop Breeding Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086

Received:2020-08-14 Accepted:2020-11-19 Online:2021-02-01 Published:2021-02-01
Contact: XuZhen CHENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

食用豆在中国粮食组成、人类健康、土壤改良中占有重要地位,尤其是在贫困地区作为蛋白质的主要来源。随着食用豆基因组相继被破译,推动了食用豆分子遗传基础和分子育种研究。国家食用豆产业技术体系成立以来,育成了一批高产、优质、抗病虫、耐逆、适宜机械化收获的食用豆新品种,集成了一批适合不同产区的栽培技术,病虫害绿色防控技术的研发与应用取得了良好的防治效果,生产机械与技术研究初显成效,产后加工技术提升与产品创新研究促进产业提质增效。随着食用豆新品种新技术的示范与推广,食用豆总产和单产水平显著提高,特别是在过去十年内蚕豆、豌豆由干籽粒生产转变为鲜食菜用生产,食用豆种植面积提高了21.1%,单产提高了3.9%,总产提高了36.8%。随着食用豆产业规模不断扩大,越来越多的食用豆种被列为国家农产品地理标志产品,正在形成一批农业企业品牌。在食用豆产业的带动下,品种权保护与转让数量逐渐增多,食用豆种业开始起步发展。随着人们健康意识的提高,国内外市场需求快速上升,国家乡村振兴战略的实施和农业供给侧结构性改革的推进,大力培育壮大贫困地区特色优势产业,给食用豆生产和种业带来了新的机遇;但是中国食用豆生产和种业也面临生产成本较高、生产效率低、科研平台建设有待加强、缺乏突破性大品种、品种权保护力度不够等诸多挑战。本文在总结中国食用豆产业和种业的现状与问题的基础上,讨论了其未来的发展方向。

关键词: 食用豆, 产业, 种业, 现状, 展望

Abstract:

Food legumes play an important role in food composition, human health, and soil improvement in China, especially as the main source of protein in poverty-stricken area. With the deciphering of the genome of food legumes, the molecular genetic basis and molecular breeding of food legumes have been promoted. Since the establishment of China Agricultural Research System (CARS) in 2008, a number of cultivation techniques suitable for different regions were integrated, and many food legumes varieties with High yield, high quality, diseases and insects resistance, resistance to stresses and suitable for mechanized harvesting were bred, the research and application of green pest prevention and control technology produced a marked effect, the research on production machinery and technology had achieved initial effects, and the improvement of post-production processing technology and product innovation research promoted the quality and efficiency of the food legumes industry. With the demonstration and popularization of new food legume varieties and new technologies, the total yield and yield per unit area of food legumes increased significantly. In particular, the production of faba bean and pea were transformed from dry grain production to fresh vegetable production in the past 10 years. The planting area increased 21.1%, the yield per unit area increased 3.9%, and the total yield increased 36.8%. With the continuous expansion of the food legume industry scale, more food legumes are listed as geographical indication of China's agricultural products, and a number of agricultural enterprise brands are being forming. With the stimulation of the food legume industry, the number of variety rights protection and transfers is gradually increasing, and the food legume industry is emerging. With the improvement of people’s health awareness, domestic and foreign market demand is raising rapidly, the implementation of the rural vitalization strategy, the advancement of agricultural supply-side structural reform, and the development of the featured and advantageous industries in poor areas have brought new opportunities to the food legumes production and seed industry. However, the food legumes seed industry still has some problems, such as high production cost, low production efficiency, scientific research platform construction is still need to be strengthened, lack of elite varieties, and insufficient awareness of variety rights. On the basis of summarizing the present situation and problems of food legumes production and seed industry in China, this paper discusses the future development direction of food legumes production and seed industry.

Key words: food legumes, production, seed industry, status, future prospective

陈红霖, 田静, 朱振东, 张耀文, 陈巧敏, 周素梅, 王丽侠, 刘玉皎, 何玉华, 尹凤祥, 魏淑红, 程须珍. 中国食用豆产业和种业发展现状与未来展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 493-503.

CHEN HongLin, TIAN Jing, ZHU ZhenDong, ZHANG YaoWen, CHEN QiaoMin, ZHOU SuMei, WANG LiXia, LIU YuJiao, HE YuHua, YIN FengXiang, WEI ShuHong, CHENG XuZhen. Current Status and Future Prospective of Food Legumes Production and Seed Industry in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 493-503.

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年份 Year	干籽粒面积 Area of dry pulses (×10⁴ hm²)	干籽粒总产量 Total production of dry pulses (×10⁴ t)	干籽粒单产 Dry pulses yield per unit area (kg·hm^-2)	鲜食面积 Area of fresh-eating legumes (×10⁴ hm²)	鲜食总产量 Total production of fresh-eating legumes (×10⁴ t)	鲜食单产 Fresh-eating legumes yield per unit area (kg·hm^-2)
2009	300.0	405	1350.0	129.8	1040.1	8013.2
2010	280.0	400	1428.6	135.9	1081.4	7957.2
2011	346.7	497	1433.5	140.5	1120.6	7975.9
2012	333.3	450	1350.1	140.4	1139.1	8113.1
2013	333.3	500	1500.2	140.4	1149.0	8183.9
2014	346.7	560	1615.3	143.9	1161.0	8067.8
2015	337.0	530	1572.7	158.3	1274.9	8053.8
2016	337.0	530	1572.7	165.3	1342.5	8121.6
2017	344.0	548	1593.0	170.4	1385.8	8132.7
2018	345.2	550	1594.2	175.4	1427.4	8138.3

中国食用豆产业和种业发展现状与未来展望

Current Status and Future Prospective of Food Legumes Production and Seed Industry in China

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