不同秸秆生物炭对贵州黄壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】表征不同生物炭处理的黄壤细菌群落结构特征和组成差异,探讨引起黄壤细菌群落变化的主控环境因子,为土壤改良和秸秆资源的合理利用提供理论参考。【方法】以玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆500℃炭化得到的生物炭为添加材料,以贵州省地带性黄壤为供试土壤,通过室内培育试验,采用高通量测序（Illumina HiSeq）技术,研究不同生物炭处理的黄壤细菌的菌群变化,并对细菌群落结构与环境因子进行相关性分析和因子分析。试验共设4个处理：对照（CK）、添加玉米秸秆生物炭（BC1）、水稻秸秆生物炭（BC2）和油菜秸秆生物炭（BC3）。【结果】细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数与土壤全氮、pH和全碳呈极显著或显著正相关关系（r分别为0.78**、0.62*和0.66*）。施用生物炭增加了细菌门和纲水平上的优势菌群的丰富度和多样性,且与pH和C/N具有较强的正相关性。Actinobacteria（放线菌门）、Cyanobacteria（蓝藻菌门）和Chloroflexi（绿弯菌门）为黄壤的3大优势菌门,占所有菌门的68.5%。因子分析显示,土壤全氮、C/N、pH、有效磷和阳离子交换量（CEC）总共解释了80.8%的群落变化,成为黄壤细菌群落结构变化的主控环境因子,贡献率依次为：土壤C/N>pH>有效磷>全氮>CEC。【结论】生物炭改变了细菌的群落构成和化学性质,土壤全氮、C/N、pH、有效磷和CEC对细菌群落结构变化贡献较大,其中全氮和pH是提高土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度的主控环境因子。

关键词: 生物炭, 黄壤, 高通量测序, 细菌群落, 土壤化学性质

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to determine the effects of different straw biochars on bacterial community structures and composition in yellow soil, and to find main environmental factors as the changes in order to provide information for soil amelioration and proper management of straw residue.【Method】Through a laboratory incubation experiment and used a zonal yellow soil of Guizhou province, the influences of corn, rice and rape straw biochar that were pyrolyzed at 500℃ on bacterial communities were investigated by a high-throughput sequencing (Illumina Hiseq). Correlation and factor analysis of the bacterial community structure with environmental factors were followed. The experiment consisted of four treatments: control soil (CK), soil amended with 500℃ corn (BC1), rice (BC2) and rape (BC3) straw biochar. 【Result】The results showed that the gene copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA were closely related with soil total nitrogen (TN), pH and total carbon (TC) (r=0.78**, 0.62* and 0.66*, respectively). Biochar addition to soil increased the richness and diversity of dominant bacteria at phylum and class level, which were a strong positive with pH and C/N. The analysis of bacterial community at phylum level showed that Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were dominant bacteria, occupying 68.5% of all phyla. Factor analysis showed that soil total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, pH, available phosphorus (AP) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were main environmental factors on the soil bacterial community structure, total explaining 80.8% of the community changes. The order of contribution rate was soil C/N>pH>AP>TN>CEC.【Conclusion】This study provided clear evidence that community composition and chemical properties of bacterial were changed due to biochar addition to yellow soil. And soil TN, C/N, pH, AP and CEC had a greater contribution than environmental factors on the change of the bacterial community structure, in addition, TN and pH were more efficient on improving soil richness and diversity of bacterial community.

Key words: biochar, Yellow soil, high-throughput sequencing, bacterial community, soil physiochemical characteristics

侯建伟,邢存芳,卢志宏,陈芬,余高. 不同秸秆生物炭对贵州黄壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(23): 4485-4495.

HOU JianWei,XING CunFang,LU ZhiHong,CHEN Fen,YU Gao. Effects of the Different Crop Straw Biochars on Soil Bacterial Community of Yellow Soil in Guizhou[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(23): 4485-4495.

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变量 Variables	生物炭种类Biochar categories			土壤 Soil
变量 Variables	玉米秸秆生物炭 Corn straw biochar	水稻秸秆生物炭 Rice straw biochar	油菜秸秆生物炭 Rape straw biochar	土壤 Soil
pH	8.23	9.59	9.55	4.60
比表面积Surface area (m²·g^-1)	160.2	35.8	0.88	/
总孔容积Total pore volume (mL·g^-1)	0.331	0.068	1.69	/
平均孔径Pore diameter (nm)	2.42	30.1	5.85	/
全碳Total C (g·kg^-1)	534.5	248.6	521.7	5.82
全氮Total N (g·kg^-1)	10.51	8.92	8.53	0.65
有效磷Available P (g·kg^-1)	3.99	4.34	3.75	0.001
有效钾Available K (g·kg^-1)	15.34	16.07	14.32	0.09

变量 Variables	处理Treatment				相关系数 Correlation coefficient
变量 Variables	CK	BC1	BC2	BC3	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
pH	4.60±0.22c	5.68±0.03b	5.67±0.07b	5.81±0.08a	0.62*
全碳Total C (g·kg^-1)	5.82±0.31d	13.58±0.80c	14.04±1.32b	17.49±0.99a	0.66*
全氮Total N (g·kg^-1)	0.65±0.08	0.85±0.06c	0.96±0.02b	1.07±0.01a	0.78**
全磷Total P (g·kg^-1)	0.17±0.02b	0.20±0.01a	0.18±0.01a	0.19±0.01a	0.36
全钾Total K (g·kg^-1)	22.19±1.06c	23.23±0.52b	23.84±0.62b	24.08±1.22a	0.44
碱解氮Available N (mg·kg^-1)	12.32±1.20d	22.55±1.82a	13.63±1.09b	12.58±0.91c	0.58
速效磷Available P (mg·kg^-1)	1.07±0.02d	1.79±0.15a	1.63±0.23b	1.56±0.20c	0.69
有效钾Available K(mg·kg^-1)	90.32±10.11d	336.55±35.37b	320.09±16.34c	417.26±65.08a	0.55

处理 Treatment	OTUs	Reads	丰富度Richness		多样性Diversity
处理 Treatment	OTUs	Reads	Chao 1	ACE	Shannon	Simpson
CK	2621±145c	54267±165a	2122±115d	2311±36c	6.42±0.39c	0.9023±0.002a
BC1	2994±117b	53972±211a	2376±126c	2845±47a	8.31±0.31b	0.9386±0.005a
BC2	2832±195b	54376±139a	2678±72b	2687±105b	8.23±0.11b	0.910±0.001a
BC3	3431±132a	54511±97a	2826±150a	2926±76a	8.68±0.23a	0.908±0.003a

门 Phylum	纲 Class	处理 Treatment
门 Phylum	纲 Class	CK	BC1	BC2	BC3
Cyanobacteria	Oscillatoriophycideae	22.70±3.25b	37.63±6.78a	8.28±0.96c	6.58±1.11d
Actinobacteria	Actinobacteria	25.22±1.92a	8.55±0.87d	11.01±2.01c	18.57±0.97b
Actinobacteria	Thermoleophilia	7.21±1.30c	9.04±1.22d	13.85±0.98b	18.43±2.54a
Firmicutes	Bacilli	1.91±0.32b	1.47±0.22b	3.51±0.11a	2.44±0.09b
Proteobacteria	Alphaproteobacteria	4.90±0.13b	4.09±0.06c	9.43±0.33a	9.18±0.25a
Proteobacteria	Gammaproteobacteria	0.28±0.03c	0.23±0.06c	1.17±0.10a	0.54±0.03b
Chloroflexi	Ellin6529	4.89±0.11b	8.06±0.47a	1.54±0.22d	4.35±0.05c
	Chloroflexi	3.36±0.18c	7.02±0.44a	1.27±0.08d	4.13±0.33b
	Anaerolineae	5.12±0.31a	2.10±0.09c	1.44±0.24d	3.55±0.11b
	Thermomicrobia	1.27±0.20c	4.25±0.29a	0.99±0.12d	3.07±0.23b

菌群Phylum	pH	C/N	全氮 Total N	有效磷 Available phosphorus	CEC
Actinobacteria	0.458*	-0.159	-0.230	-0.496	0.136
Cyanobacteria	0.592*	0.492*	0.192	-0.376*	0.278
Chloroflexi	0.661**	0.537*	0.303	-0.203	-0.195
Proteobacteria	0.436**	0.622**	0.721**	0.441	0.318
Firmicutes	0.613*	0.486*	0.117	0.369*	-0.255
Gemmatimonadetes	0.695**	0.335	0.316	-0.579	0.194
Crenarchaeota	-0.139	-0.257	0.089	0.572	-0.148
Acidobacteria	0.301	0.378*	0.144	-0.198*	0.247*
Armatimonadetes	0.176	0.426	0.196	-0.236	0.208
Bacteroidetes	-0.314	0.344*	0.372*	0.299	-0.119