豫芝11号种子发育过程中蛋白质及其组分的变化规律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究芝麻种子发育过程中蛋白质及组分的变化规律，明确生长环境对种子蛋白质含量及组成的影响，为芝麻蛋白质育种及芝麻蛋白质的利用提供理论依据。【方法】选用豫芝11号芝麻品种，在周口，驻马店和南阳试验点同期播种，于盛花期一次性标记5 000朵同一天开放的花朵，在芝麻授粉第10 天开始取样，此后每5 d取样一次至芝麻成熟。测定种子生长过程中蛋白质含量及组分、蛋白质相对分子质量和氨基酸组成。【结果】芝麻种子粗蛋白质含量随着发育时间的延长逐渐增加，授粉后35 d蛋白质含量达到最大，随后处于稳定；周口试验点粗蛋白质含量显著低于南阳和驻马店试验点；球蛋白的变化规律与粗蛋白含量一致，清蛋白含量呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，成熟芝麻种子中清蛋白含量并未表现出地域差异性；授粉15 d时在凝胶谱图20、30、55 kD处出现条带，并随着种子发育延长而加深；随着芝麻种子生长发育，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量逐渐降低，南阳和驻马店试验点显著低于周口试验点；缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸＋酪氨酸比值系数大于1。【结论】环境显著影响蛋白质含量，球蛋白含量和生长过程中芝麻清蛋白含量；不同种类蛋白质合成时间不同，芝麻蛋白相对分子质量主要集中在20—30 kD处；随着种子生长发育期的延长，芝麻种子中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量逐渐降低；芝麻蛋白能够很好地补充缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸＋脯氨酸。

关键词: 芝麻, 种子发育, 粗蛋白, 蛋白质组分, 氨基酸组成

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the objective of sesame in growth period and the effect of surroundings on yield and constituent of sesame protein to provide reference for sesame breeding and protein application.【Method】Sesame seeds（Yuzhi 11） were planted in Nanyang, Zhumadian and Zhoukou of Henan province in the same growing season. About 5 000-flowers bloom at same time were marked in one day, and samples were acquired after ten days later and every five days then until sesame seeds mature. And then, content, constituent, relative molecular mass, and amino acid of sesame protein were measured.【Result】The content of sesame protein increased gradually with the growth period, and the protein content in sesame seeds reached the maximum at thirty-fifth days after pollination, and then the protein content was stable; The protein content of Zhoukou test site was lower than that in Nanyang and Zhumadian. The change of globulin was consistent with that of the total protein content of sesame, and the content of albumin showed the trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The content of albumin in mature sesame seeds did not show regional difference; When the sesame seeds were pollinated for 15 days, bands appeared in gel chart at 20, 30 and 55 kD, and they grew deeper with the extension of the growth period. With the growth and development of sesame, the percentage of essential amino acids in total amino acids decreased gradually, and the proportion of essential amino acids in Nanyang and Zhumadian test site lower than that in Zhoukou significantly; Valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine + tyrosine ratio coefficients were greater than 1.【Conclusion】Surrounding has a significant effect on sesame protein content, globulin content and albumin content of sesame in growth period. Protein molecules synthesis in different time from kinds, and the main relative molecule weight is in 20-30 kD. With the growth and development of sesame, the percentage of essential amino acids in total amino acids decreased gradually, which indicates that sesame protein could be supplement on valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine and tryosine.

Key words: sesame, seed growth, protein, protein component, amino acid composition

韩亚飞，汪学德，郑永战，梅鸿献，魏安池，刘艳阳. 豫芝11号种子发育过程中蛋白质及其组分的变化规律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(4): 652-661.

HAN YaFei, WANG XueDe, ZHENG YongZhan, MEI HongXian, WEI AnChi, LIU YanYang. Study on Changes of Sesame Protein Content and Its Components of Yuzhi 11 Sesame Seed During Growth Period[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(4): 652-661.

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