北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与抗旱性评价及其关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究冬油菜的抗寒性和抗旱性，探讨抗寒与抗旱之间的关系，为中国北方白菜型冬油菜的改良及抗寒性和抗旱性的综合评价提供可借鉴的方法和理论依据。【方法】分别通过自然降温处理（15℃—-5℃）和人工控制水分的方法（干旱胁迫4、7和10 d）分别对6份不同抗寒等级冬油菜摸拟低温和干旱胁迫，分析其形态、生理生化和生长指标的变化，采用隶属函数法、相关性分析法、聚类分析法、主成分分析法对不同品种的抗寒性和抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】6份冬油菜品种越冬率相差很大（20.1%—94.7%）。抗寒性强的品种植物学形态特征表现为幼苗匍匐贴地生长、生长点洼陷低于地表、叶色深绿色、真叶刺毛多。且低温胁迫之后抗寒生理生化指标变化明显，相对电导率和MDA（丙二醛）含量增加，且抗寒性强的品种增加幅度小；SOD、POD、CAT酶活性升高，可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸等调节性物质含量明显增加，且抗寒性强的品种变化明显，差异显著。随着干旱胁迫时间延长，膜结构首先遭到破坏，相对电导率和MDA含量升高，细胞失水，叶片相对含水量、束缚水/自由水、叶绿素含量降低（光合作用降低），幼苗苗长、叶片和根鲜干重降低，直到幼苗萎蔫，且抗旱性强的品种变化幅度小，同时抗旱性强的品种叶片保水能力强、土壤耗水少、萎蔫系数小。通过主成分分析，6份冬油菜的抗寒性强弱依次为陇油7号＞陇油6号＞陇油9号＞延油2号＞天油2号＞Vision，而抗旱性强弱依次为陇油6号＞陇油7号＞陇油9号＞延油2号＞Vision＞天油2号。【结论】中国北方寒旱区低温、干旱并存，不同冬油菜品种间抗寒性和抗旱性差异较大，由于产生了交叉适应性，在抵御低温冻害的同时提高了对干旱胁迫的适应性，因此，白菜型冬油菜抗寒性强的品种一般抗旱性也比较强。

关键词: 寒旱区, 白菜型冬油菜, 抗寒性, 抗旱性

Abstract: 【Objective】An experiment was conducted to study the cold and drought resistance and its relationship of winter rapeseed. The aim of this study was to provide valuable methods and theories for improvement and overall evaluation of cold and drought resistance of winter rapeseed in north China.【Method】Six rapeseed varieties which have different cold resistance abilities were used to simulate low temperature and drought stress which were implemented by natural drop in temperature (15℃--5℃) and manual water control (days of drought stress were 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d). Changes in morphology, physiology, biochemistry and growth of the winter rapeseed were analyzed. Subordinate function coefficients, fuzzy clustering, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the cold and drought tolerance comprehensively.【Result】The results showed that the over wintering rate of the 6 different winter rapeseed varieties varied from 20.1% to 94.7%. Morphological characteristics of botany of the rapeseed variety with stronger cold-resistance level was prostrate at seedling stage, the growing point was sagging and below the surface, the leaves color presented dark green and bristles much-ness. The physiological and biochemical indexes changed significantly after cold stress, relative conductivity and content of MDA increased under cold stress, and the increase rate of which became slow with the increase of levels of cold-resistance. But the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and content of SP, SS, Pro were overall ascendant, the variation trend of which became larger with the increase of level of cold-resistance. Under drought stress, the relative conductivity and the content of MDA increased, and the content of chlorophyll and leaf relative water and the ratio of bond water and free water decreased, the length of seedling, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots decreased. They have a strong capacity of soil water retention, and the wilting coefficient was small, and the rate of range became slow with the strong level of drought-resistance of winter rapeseed varieties. The order of cold-resistance levels of the six winter rapeseed varieties is Longyou 7＞ Longyou 6＞Longyou 9＞Yanyou 2＞Tianyou 2＞Vision, and the drought-resistance levels of the six winter rapeseed varieties is Longyou 6＞Longyou 7＞Longyou 9＞Yanyou 2＞Vision＞Tianyou 2 by integrated evaluation of the main components .【Conclusion】In north China, cold and dry exist side by side and different varieties have significant different abilities of cold and drought resistance, which resulted in cross adaptation of winter rapeseed, so the winter rapeseed varieties with strong cold resistance planted in north China also have strong drought resistance.

Key words: cold and arid region, winter rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), cold resistance, drought resistance

刘海卿，孙万仓，刘自刚，武军艳，钱武，王志江，郭仁迪，马骊，侯献飞，刘林波. 北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与抗旱性评价及其关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18): 3743-3756.

LIU Hai-qing, SUN Wan-cang, LIU Zi-gang, WU Jun-yan, QIAN Wu, WANG Zhi-jiang, GUO Ren-di, MA Li, HOU Xian-fei, LIU Lin-bo. Evaluation of Drought Resistance and Cold Resistance and Research of Their Relationship at Seedling Stage of Winter Rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in Cold and Arid Regions in North China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3743-3756.

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