三种苹果砧木不同肥力条件下根冠功能差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同肥力条件下苹果砧木根冠功能的差异。【方法】以平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis ‘Pingyitiancha’）、八棱海棠(M. robusta)、莱芜难咽(M. micromalus ‘Laiwunanyan’)一年生实生苗为试材，研究不同砧木类型根系和叶片在不同肥料水平下的功能差异。【结果】在地上部和地下部的比例上，随着土壤肥力的提高，根/冠比减小，但是减少的比例在不同物种之间存在差异。叶片净光合速率（Pn）日变化均表现双峰曲线， Pn日均值与施肥水平成正比，不同砧木间也有所不同，莱芜难咽明显高于其它两种砧木。根/冠比与水分利用效率（WUE）显著相关。叶绿素荧光参数测定表明，相同的砧木品种，在不同肥力条件下，其热耗散能力差异明显，可能与肥力供应水平改变了叶片光合色素的组成有关。【结论】针对不同苹果砧木，调节施肥水平，可以适度控制根系生长，调节根/冠比例，有助于减少冗余，是制定人工塑造树体结构技术重要步骤。

关键词: 苹果 , 砧木 , 施肥 , 根/冠比 , 根系冗余

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of this paper is to analyze the difference between root and shoot of apple rootstocks function with different fertility levels.【Method】One-year seedlings of Malus hupehensis ‘Pingyitiancha’, M. robusta, M. micromalus ‘Laiwunanyan’, were used as materials in the experiment. Root and leaf function difference of different apple rootstock seedlings among different fertilizer levels were studied.【Result】In the proportion of the above-ground part and underground part, with the enhancement of the soil fertility, the shoot/root ratio decreased. But the ratio’s decrease in different species was different. In high soil fertility, the content of chlorophyll was rich. The result indicated that pigments degradation was affected by soil fertility. Diurnal changes of Pn were double peak curve; the average of Pn was proportional to soil fertility. There were many differences between different apple stocks. The Pn of ‘Laiwunayan’ was higher than the other two apple stocks. A significant correlation between R/T and WUE was observed. The chlorophyll fluorescence was determined. The result indicated that the thermal dissipation ability of same apple stock was distinct under different soil fertilities, which might be the reason that the components of photosynthetic pigment were changed by the supply of soil fertilizer. 【Conclusion】According to different apple stocks, the roots growth can be controlled moderately by adjusting soil fertility. As root/shoot ratio being changed, it will be of benefit to reduce growth tediousness. This is an important step for effective method for figuring tree structure.

Key words: apple , stock , fertilize , root/shoot ratio , growth tediousness

胡艳丽，毛志泉，李晓磊，沈向，束怀瑞. 三种苹果砧木不同肥力条件下根冠功能差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(9): 1863-1870.

HU Yan-li, MAO Zhi-quan, LI Xiao-lei, SHEN Xiang, SHU Hai-rui. Function Differences Between Root and Crown of Three Apple Rootstocks with Different Fertility Levels[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(9): 1863-1870.

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