外源亚精胺对高温胁迫下生姜叶片内源激素及叶绿体超微结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】生姜具喜温怕热的特性，生产中极易遭受高温伤害。本文旨在通过研究高温胁迫条件下外源亚精胺（Spd）与内源激素的关系，以及对叶绿体的保护作用，探讨外源Spd缓解生姜高温胁迫的生理机制。【方法】以砂培莱芜大姜为试材，置光周期12 h/12 h、昼夜温度28℃/18℃和38℃/28℃的光照培养箱内，分别采用0.5 mmol·L^-1Spd处理生姜根系，在处理后0、5、10、15和20 d时测定功能叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、电解质渗透率、叶绿素荧光参数、活性氧（ROS）和内源激素代谢等相关指标，并于处理后第20 天观察叶绿体及类囊体超微结构。【结果】高温胁迫导致生姜叶片叶绿体和类囊体严重受损，叶绿素含量降低；随着高温胁迫时间的延长，叶片F_v/F_m、Ф_PS_II、F_v′/F_m′、q_P和P持续降低，NPQ、β/α-1和D显著升高；主要表现为PSII反应中心的光化学活性降低，致使光能过剩，诱发和H₂O₂大量积累，导致叶片MDA含量和电解质渗透率升高。高温胁迫下SOD活性、ABA含量和脯氨酸含量先升后降；APX活性、CTK含量和KT含量持续下降。外源添加Spd可恢复叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量，降低MDA含量和电解质渗透率，维持叶绿体和类囊体结构的完整性，促使叶绿素荧光参数趋于正常水平，提高高温胁迫下抗氧化酶活性及内源激素水平，进而降低ROS水平，缓解高温对生姜幼苗产生的伤害。【结论】38℃/28℃的高温胁迫导致生姜叶片受损，叶绿体和PSII功能紊乱，活性氧和内源激素水平异常；外源添加0.5 mmol·L^-1Spd可降低高温胁迫下生姜叶片损伤程度，维护叶绿体的正常生理功能，维持内源激素的正常代谢，进而提高生姜植株的耐热性。

关键词: 生姜, 高温胁迫, 亚精胺, 叶绿体, 内源激素

Abstract: 【Objective】Ginger is a thermophilic vegetable crop, but not tolerate high temperature. It is easily damaged under high temperature. To study the effect of exogenous spermidine on endogenous hormones and chloroplasts, the relationship among exogenous spermidine, endogenous hormones, and the chloroplast ultrastructure of ginger under heat stress was investigated.【Method】Laiwu Big Ginger was sandy cultured in a climate chamber with 12 h/12 h photoperiod under 28℃/18℃ (normal) and 38℃/28℃ (heat stress) conditions. Ginger root was treated with 0.5 mmol·L^-1spermidine. Relative water content, chlorophyll concentration, malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, reactive oxygen content and endogenous hormones metabolism of ginger leaves were investigated on 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 d after treatment, moreover, the ultrastructures of chloroplasts and thylakoid were observed on 20 d after treatment. 【Result】Under heat stress, chloroplasts and thylakoid of ginger leaves were seriously damaged, and chlorophyll concentration significantly decreased with continuing stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including F_v/F_m, Ф_PS_II, F_v′/F_m′, q_P and P decreased, and NPQ, β/α-1 and D increased, which mainly showed that its photochemical activity of PSII was decreased, so the and H₂O₂ accumulated extensively resulted by excess energy, and then the MDA content and electrolyte leakage increased. Under heat stress, superoxide dismutase activity, abscisic acid and proline contents were significantly accumulated and then decreased in different treatment times. Ascorbate peroxidase activity, cytokinin and kinetin content kept a decreasing trend with continuing stress. However, relative water content, chlorophyll concentration, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage of ginger leaves were recovered by exogenous application of spermidine. Besides, it also maintained the integrity of chloroplasts and thylakoid, regulated chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to normale, increased antioxidant enzymes activity and endogenous hormones concentration, and reduced the reactive oxygen content. 【Conclusion】Heat stress can damage ginger leaves, leading to function of chloroplasts and PSII disorder, and reactive oxygen and endogenous hormones abnormity. Exogenous application of spermidine can effectively reduce the damages of ginger caused by heat stress and improve its tolerance to heat stress, involving maintain endogenous hormones regular metabolism and chloroplasts normal physiological function.

Key words: ginger, heat stress, spermidine, chloroplasts, endogenous hormones

李秀，巩彪，徐坤. 外源亚精胺对高温胁迫下生姜叶片内源激素及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(1): 120-129.

LI Xiu, GONG Biao, XU Kun. Effect of Exogenous Spermidine on Levels of Endogenous Hormones and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Ginger Leaves Under Heat Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(1): 120-129.

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