垄作免耕对稻田土壤有机碳活性组分和δ13C的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】阐明垄作免耕对稻田土壤有机碳活性组分和δ13C的影响，为揭示垄作免耕下稻田土壤累积、转化的特殊性提供科学参考。【方法】依托稻田免耕长期定位试验，对比分析常规平作（中稻）、垄作免耕（中稻）、水旱轮作（中稻-油菜，稻油）和垄作免耕轮作（中稻-油菜，稻油）等4种耕作处理对不同深度（0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—40 cm和40—60 cm）土层中总有机碳、颗粒有机碳、易氧化有机碳和δ13C等指标的影响。【结果】垄作免耕轮作（稻油）中，20—40 cm土层的总有机碳含量显著高于其它处理，各深度土层中颗粒有机碳含量和分配比例均高于其它耕作处理，10—20 cm和20—40 cm土层的易氧化有机碳含量显著高于其它耕作处理（P＜0.05）。水旱轮作（稻油）中，各土层的总有机碳含量、颗粒有机碳含量和易氧化有机碳含量均低于其它耕作处理。不同处理中，土壤碳库管理指数的最高值和最低值分别出现在垄作免耕轮作（稻油）的20—40 cm土层和水旱轮作（稻油）的40—60 cm土层，垄作免耕轮作（稻油）的10—20 cm 和20—40 cm土层碳库管理指数显著高于其它处理（P＜0.05）。相比其它处理，垄作免耕轮作（稻油）的土壤有机碳δ13C值在0—40 cm深度范围的各土层中差异不大，到40—60 cm土层才出现显著升高。【结论】相比其它耕作处理，长期（20年）垄作免耕轮作（稻油）稻田20—40 cm土层中增碳优势突出，该耕作处理有利于稻田中土壤颗粒有机碳的形成和累积，对20—40 cm土层中活性碳库的稳定和保护作用明显优于其它耕作处理；有大量活性高、降解程度低的有机碳在垄作免耕轮作（稻油）的20—40 cm土层中累积。

关键词: 垄作免耕 , 稻田 , 颗粒有机碳 , 易氧化有机碳 , &delta, 13C

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of ridge-cultivation and no tillage system on active fractions and δ13C value of soil organic carbon in paddy fields, and provide some scientific references for revealing the characteristics of organic carbon accumulation and transform in paddy soils under ridge-cultivation and no tillage system. 【Method】 The study based on a long-term filed experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different cultivation treatments on total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), labile organic carbon (LOC) and δ13C value in different paddy soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm). The field experiment included four cultivation treatments: conventional tillage with rotation of rice and winter fallow (CT1), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape (CT2)，ridge-cultivation and no tillage with rotation of rice and winter fallow (NT1), ridge-cultivation and no tillage with rotation of rice and rape (NT2). 【Result】SOC content in the 20-40 cm layer was significantly higher in treatment NT2 compared to other treatments (P＜0.05). In treatment NT2, POC contents and proportions of POC to TOC in different soil layers were significantly higher than that in other treatments, LOC contents in the 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were obviously higher than that in other treatments (P＜0.05). In treatment CT2, TOC contents, POC contents and LOC contents in different soil layers were lower than that in other treatments. In different treatments, the highest and lowest carbon pool management indexes were found respectively in the 20-40 cm layer in treatment NT2 and in the 40-60 cm layer in treatment CT2. Carbon pool management indexes in the 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were obviously higher in treatment NT2 than that in other treatments (P＜0.05). Differences among δ13C values in different soil layers of 0-40 cm were lower in treatment NT2 compared to other treatments, and the obvious increasement of δ13C value in treatment NT2 was found in the 40-60 cm layer.【Conclusion】After all treatments were performed for a long time (20 yr), organic carbon accumulation in the 20-40 cm layer was much more obvious in treatment NT2 compared to other cultivation treatments. Ridge-cultivation and no tillage with rotation of rice and rape (NT2) was beneficial to formation and accumulation of POC in paddy fields, and played more effective roles in stabilize and protect active carbon pool compared to other cultivation treatments. In addition, a lot of active and less decomposed organic carbon was accumulated in the 20-40 cm soil layers under ridge-cultivation and no tillage with rotation of rice and rape.

Key words: ridge-cultivation and no tillage , paddy field , particulate organic carbon , labile organic carbon , δ13C

慈恩, 朱洁, 彭娟, 符卓旺, 高明, 谢德体. 垄作免耕对稻田土壤有机碳活性组分和δ13C的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(5): 978-986.

CI 恩, ZHU Jie, PENG Juan, FU Zhuo-Wang, GAO Ming, XIE De-Ti. Active Fractions and δ13C Value of Soil Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields Under Ridge-Cultivation and No Tillage System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(5): 978-986.

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