内蒙古河套灌区春玉米推荐施肥指标体系研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】建立河套灌区春玉米施肥指标体系，指导科学施肥。【方法】2006—2008年在河套灌区分高、中、低肥力水平设置春玉米“3414”肥料肥效试验236个。【结果】通过对数据进行整理分析表明：河套灌区春玉米N、P2O5、K2O的农学效率平均分别为10.6 kg•kg-1、9.9 kg•kg-1、6.7 kg•kg-1，肥料增产作用依次为：氮肥＞磷肥＞钾肥，随着土壤肥力水平的降低，施肥增产率升高，但单位养分增产量下降。河套灌区春玉米的土壤养分丰缺指标为：全氮，极低（＜0.42 g•kg-1）、低（0.42—0.67 g•kg-1）、中（0.67—1.08 g•kg-1）、高（1.08—1.72 g•kg-1）、极高（＞1.72 g•kg-1）；有效磷，极低（＜3.6 mg•kg-1）、低（3.6—7.6 mg•kg-1）、中（7.6—16.0 mg•kg-1）、高（16.0—33.7 mg•kg-1）、极高（＞33.7 mg•kg-1）；速效钾，极低（＜70 mg•kg-1）、低（70—103 mg•kg-1）、中（103-151 mg•kg-1）、高（151—222 mg•kg-1）、极高（＞222 mg•kg-1）。河套灌区春玉米施肥模型为：F(N)=-78.13×lnS(N)+155.85，F(P2O5)= -54.621×lnS(P)+250.2，F(K2O) =-42.4071×lnS(K)+272.91。【结论】农学效率、施肥肥效、养分丰缺指标、施肥模型均为推荐施肥的重要依据。

关键词: 内蒙古, 河套灌区, 春玉米, 养分丰缺指标, 推荐施肥

Abstract: 【Objective】 The index system of optimal fertilizer recommendation for scientific fertilization of spring corn in hetao irrigation area was established in this study. 【Method】 “3414” fertilizer efficiency Experiments on spring corn were designed based on high, midle and low soil fertility in Hetao irrigation area. 【Result】The results showed that agronomic efficiency of N, P2O5 and K2O on spring corn was 10.6 kg•kg-1, 9.9 kg•kg-1 and 6.7 kg•kg-1, respectively, with the role of yield increasing effect of N＞P2O5＞K2O. The rate of yeild increasing by fertilizers increased with the declining of soil fertility, while yeild increase per unit nutrient decreased. The indices of abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients in Hetao irrigation area were showed as follow: total N with five levels of lower (＜0.42 g•kg-1), low (0.42-0.67 g•kg-1), moderate (0.67-1.08 g•kg-1), high (1.08-1.72 g•kg-1), and higher (＞1.72 g•kg-1); Olsen-P with five levels of lower (＜3.6 mg•kg-1), low (3.6-7.6 mg•kg-1), moderate (7.6-16.0 mg•kg-1), high (16.0-33.7 mg•kg-1), and higher (＞33.7 mg•kg-1); Solubale K with five levels of lower (＜70 mg•kg-1), low (70-103 mg•kg-1), moderate (103-151 mg•kg-1), high (151-222 mg•kg-1), and higher (＞222 mg•kg-1). The fertilization model of spring corn in Hetao irrigation area was F(N)=-78.13×lnS(N)+155.85, F(P2O5)=-54.621×lnS(P)+250.2, F(K2O)=-42.4071×lnS(K)+272.91. 【Conclusion】 Agronomic efficiency, fertilizer efficiency, abundance and deficiency indices of soil nutrients and fertilization model were important bases for optimal fertilizer recommendation.

Key words: Hetao irrigation area, spring corn, index of abundance and deficiency of nutrients, optimal fertilizer treament

李文彪, 刘荣乐, 郑海春, 李书田, 郜翻身, 刘继培. 内蒙古河套灌区春玉米推荐施肥指标体系研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(1): 93-101.

LI Wen-Biao, LIU Rong-Le, ZHENG Hai-Chun, LI Shu-Tian, GAO Fan-Shen, LIU Ji-Pei. Study on Index System of Optimal Fertilizer Recommendation for Spring Corn in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(1): 93-101.

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