155份春小麦品种（系）条锈病抗性评价与抗病基因分子检测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 了解新疆地区春小麦种质的条锈病抗性水平和抗条锈病基因利用情况，筛选携带多个抗病基因的抗病品种（系），为小麦抗病基因资源有效利用和抗病育种提供参考。【方法】 利用当前流行条锈病菌生理小种CYR32和CYR34对155份春小麦种质进行单小种苗期抗性鉴定，并于2023年和2024年，在甘肃清水和新疆陆港，利用CYR32、CYR33、CYR34、Su11-4、Su11-5和G22-14组成的混合菌种进行成株期抗性鉴定，同时，利用与抗条锈病基因Yr9、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr80、Yr81、Yr82、Yr86、YrZH22和YrZH84紧密连锁的侧翼标记或功能标记进行分子检测。【结果】 苗期鉴定结果表明，20份品种（系）对CYR32表现抗病，26份品种（系）对CYR34表现抗病，14份品种（系）同时对CYR32和CYR34表现抗病，Pirsabak-13和Millat-11对CYR32和CYR34均表现免疫（IT=0）。在成株期，101份品种（系）在新疆和甘肃2个环境表现稳定抗病，其中，包括80份中国新疆育成品种（系）和21份国外引进品种（系）。国外品种（系）10136和10123，以及中国新疆育成品种（系）9628、核春137、粮春1832、粮春1773、品9616、品9638共8份品种（系）表现环境稳定高度抗病（IT=0—3、DS≤20%）。分子标记检测显示，155份春小麦中携带Yr9、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr81、Yr82、Yr86和YrZH84的分别有14、66、6、8、17、62、17、2、1和11份，未检测到含Yr15、Yr80和YrZH22的品种（系）。Pirsabak-13（Yr9、Yr17、Yr29、Yr81）、Borluag-16（Yr17、Yr30、Yr86）、Ufaq-2000（Yr9、Yr18、Yr30）、巴丰5（Yr9、Yr17、Yr28、Yr30）、9628（Yr30、Yr81、Yr82）、新春5（Yr17、Yr29、Yr30）、新春50（Yr9、Yr17、Yr30）、宁33（Yr17、Yr29、Yr81）、宁28（Yr17、Yr28、Yr29）等品种（系）聚合了3—4个抗条锈病基因，且对供试毒性小种表现全生育期或成株期稳定抗病性，在新疆小麦抗条锈病育种中具有重要价值。【结论】 新疆春小麦苗期对CYR32和CYR34抗性水平较低，成株期抗病性水平整体较高，101份品种（系）对混合菌表现环境稳定抗病性；Yr17和Yr30在供试春小麦中分布最多，部分种质还携带未检测的其他已知基因或蕴含新基因/QTL，需进一步加强对抗病基因的挖掘。

关键词: 新疆春小麦, 条锈病, 抗病鉴定, Yr基因, 分子检测

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the stripe rust resistance and resistance gene distribution in Xinjiang spring wheat germplasms, it’s necessary for identification stable resistant varieties (lines) carrying multiple resistance genes and providing reference information for the effective utilization of resistant resources and wheat disease-resistant breeding. 【Method】 Seedling-stage resistance evaluation was performed using the currently prevalent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races CYR32 and CYR34 for single-race inoculation assays. Adult-plant resistance assays were conducted during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons at field sites in Qingshui, Gansu and Lugang, Xinjiang. A mixed inoculum of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races (CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, Su11-4, Su11-5, and G22-14) were used to simulate natural epidemic conditions. The presence of stripe rust resistance genes (Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr80, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86, YrZH22 and YrZH84) was analyzed using tightly linked flanking markers or functional markers. 【Result】 Among the 155 tested wheat varieties (lines), 20 exhibited resistance to race CYR32, 26 showed resistance to CYR34, and 14 demonstrated resistance to both CYR32 and CYR34. Two wheat varieties (lines), Pirsabak-13 and Millat-11, exhibited immune responses (IT=0) against both CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage. A total of 101 wheat varieties (lines) demonstrated stable resistance across both Xinjiang and Gansu field environments during the adult-plant stage, including 80 Xinjiang-bred varieties (lines) and 21 foreign-introduced varieties (lines). Eight wheat varieties (lines) (foreign varieties (lines): 10136, 10123, Xinjiang-bred varieties (lines): 9628, Hechun 137, Liangchun 1832, Liangchun 1773, Pin 9616 and Pin 9638) exhibited environmentally stable, high resistance (IT=0-3; DS≤20%) at the adult-plant stage. Molecular markers detection indicated that 14, 66, 6, 8, 17, 62, 17, 2, 1 and 11 varieties (lines) carried the resistance gene Yr9, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86 and YrZH84, respectively. Yr15, Yr80 and YrZH22 were not detected in all wheat cultivars (lines). Pirsabak-13 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr29, Yr81), Borluag-16 (Yr17, Yr30, Yr86), Ufaq-2000 (Yr9, Yr18, Yr30), Bafeng 5 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr28, Yr30), 9628 (Yr30, Yr81, Yr82), Xinchun 5 (Yr17, Yr29, Yr30), Xinchun 50 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr30), Ning 33 (Yr17, Yr29, Yr81), and Ning 28 (Yr17, Yr28, Yr29) carry three to four resistance genes. These varieties exhibit stable resistance to the tested virulent races either throughout their entire growth period or during the adult plant stage. These varieties (lines) with multiple disease-resistant genes and exhibit stable disease resistance can be applied for breeding rust-resistant wheat in Xinjiang.【Conclusion】 The seedling resistance levels of spring wheat in Xinjiang to CYR32 and CYR34 are relatively low. However, the adult plant resistance was generally high. A total of 101 varieties (lines) exhibited stable resistance to the mixed pathogen races. Yr17 and Yr30 were the most widely distributed Yr genes among the tested spring wheat varieties. Wheat accessions carried unknown Yr genes or potentially novel genes/QTLs need further exploration.

Key words: Xinjiang spring wheat, stripe rust, disease resistance evaluation, Yr genes, molecular detection

焦文娟, 何万龙, 耿洪伟, 白斌, 李剑峰, 程宇坤. 155份春小麦品种（系）条锈病抗性评价与抗病基因分子检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(5): 937-950.

JIAO WenJuan, HE WanLong, GENG HongWei, BAI Bin, LI JianFeng, CHENG YuKun. Stripe Rust Resistance Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Yr Genes for 155 Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 937-950.

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