松嫩平原旱地土壤有机质组分空间分异特征及其影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确松嫩平原旱地土壤有机质（SOM）组分的空间分布特征及其影响因素，以期为东北地区土壤有机质提升和黑土地保护提供依据。【方法】以旱地土壤为研究对象，于2023年6月在松嫩平原区采集200个旱地表层（0—20 cm）土壤样品，利用粒径分组方法将土壤有机质分为颗粒态有机质（POM）和矿物结合态有机质（MAOM）。结合经典统计学方法、随机森林等方法研究SOM组分的分布情况，探讨气候、地形、土壤属性以及植被对其的影响。【结果】MAOM和POM平均含量分别为24.7和5.71 g·kg^-1，占土壤有机质比例的平均值分别为70.9%和17.1%。在松嫩平原区，两组分均呈现由东北向西南降低的趋势。MAOM（r分别为0.93、0.66和0.51）和POM（r分别为0.75、0.25和0.36）含量均与SOM、黏粒和海拔呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关关系。MAOM（r分别为-0.33、-0.57、-0.79、-0.73和-0.40）和POM（r分别为-0.21、-0.26、-0.55、-0.58和-0.24）含量均与pH、容重、年均温、有效积温和归一化植被指数呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关关系。随机森林模型分析表明，有效积温、年均温和黏粒含量极显著（P<0.01）影响MAOM变化，其解释度分别为33.7%、32.7%和23.8%；有效积温、年均温和有效磷极显著（P<0.01）影响POM变异，其解释度分别为26.1%、25.2%和22.8%。【结论】松嫩平原区旱地土壤有机质组分呈明显的东北部高、西南部低空间分布格局，且年均温和有效积温是驱动其空间分异的关键因子。

关键词: 旱地土壤, 颗粒态有机质, 矿物结合态有机质, 空间分布, 影响因素, 松嫩平原

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study explored the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in the drylands of the Songnen Plain, so as to provide a basis for SOM improvement and black soil protection in Northeast China. 【Method】Taking the dryland soil as the research object, 200 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in the Songnen Plain in June 2023. Then, soil samples were separated into particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions by the particle size fractionation method. Combined with classical statistical methods and the Random Forest model, this study investigated the distribution characteristics of SOM fractions and explored the influences of climate, topography, soil properties and vegetation factors on them. 【Result】The average content of MAOM and POM was 24.7 and 5.71 g·kg^-1, respectively, accounting for an average of 70.9% and 17.1% of the total SOM content, respectively. In the Songnen Plain region, both fractions exhibited a decreasing trend from the northeast to the southwest regions. MAOM content (r=0.93, 0.66, and 0.51, respectively) and POM content (r=0.75, 0.25, and 0.36, respectively) were extremely significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with SOM, clay content, and altitude. MAOM (r=-0.33, -0.57, -0.79, -0.73, and -0.40, respectively) and POM (r=-0.21, -0.26, -0.55, -0.58, and -0.24, respectively) were extremely significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with pH, bulk density, annual mean temperature, effective accumulated temperature, and normalized difference vegetation index. Random Forest model analysis showed that effective accumulated temperature, annual mean temperature, and clay content extremely significantly (P<0.01) affected the spatial variation of MAOM fraction, with explanation degrees of 33.7%, 32.7%, and 23.8%, respectively; effective accumulated temperature, annual mean temperature, and available phosphorus extremely significantly (P<0.01) affected the spatial variation of POM fractions, with explanation degrees of 26.1%, 25.2%, and 22.8%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The soil organic matter fractions in the drylands of the Songnen Plain showed an obvious spatial distribution pattern of being higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, and annual mean temperature and effective accumulated temperature were the key factors driving their spatial distribution.

Key words: dryland soil, particulate organic matter, mineral-associated organic matter, spatial distribution, influencing factors, dryland soil of the Songnen Plain

姚益, 张思宇, 郝思祺, 李双异, 孙良杰, 陈晶瑜, 安婷婷, 汪景宽. 松嫩平原旱地土壤有机质组分空间分异特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(21): 4854-4864.

YAO Yi, ZHANG SiYu, HAO SiQi, LI ShuangYi, SUN LiangJie, CHEN JingYu, AN TingTing, WANG JingKuan. Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Drylands of the Songnen Plain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(21): 4854-4864.

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指标 Indicator	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
土壤有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	6.31	82.8	34.50	14.8	43.0
矿物结合态有机质MAOM (g·kg^-1)	3.96	49.8	24.70	11.3	46.0
颗粒有机质POM (g·kg^-1)	1.04	25.8	5.71	3.26	57.1
矿物结合态有机质占有机质比例MAOM/SOM (%)	47.00	92.0	70.90	11.00	15.6
颗粒有机质占有机质比例POM/SOM (%)	5.00	34.0	17.10	6.16	35.9