基于茎秆结构优化的小麦抗倒伏调控及烯效唑与调环酸钙的协同作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (15): 3283-3301.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于茎秆结构优化的小麦抗倒伏调控及烯效唑与调环酸钙的协同作用

王琦¹(), 郭双奇¹, 梅蓝欣¹, 吴承东², 郑长宏³, 周琴¹(), 蔡剑¹, 王笑¹, 黄梅¹, 仲迎鑫¹, 姜东¹

¹ 南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室/现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心，南京 211800
² 南京市浦口区现代作物发展中心，南京 211800
³ 天长市宏丰芡实专业合作社，安徽天长 239300

收稿日期:2026-01-14 接受日期:2026-04-28 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-08-03
通信作者:
周琴，E-mail：qinzhou@njau.edu.cn
联系方式: 王琦，E-mail：2024101055@stu.njau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32372224); 国家自然科学基金(32021004); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2301404); 国家现代小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03); 现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心(CIC-MCP)

Regulation of Wheat Lodging Resistance Through Culm Structure Optimization and Synergistic by Uniconazole and Prohexadione Calcium

WANG Qi¹(), GUO ShuangQi¹, MEI LanXin¹, WU ChengDong², ZHENG ChangHong³, ZHOU Qin¹(), CAI Jian¹, WANG Xiao¹, Huang Mei¹, ZHONG YingXin¹, JIANG Dong¹

¹ College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing 211800
² Modern Crop Development Center, Pukou, Nanjing, Nanjing 211800
³ Hongfeng Euryale Ferox Specialized Cooperative, Tianchang, Tianchang 239300, Anhui

Received:2026-01-14 Accepted:2026-04-28 Published:2026-08-01 Online:2026-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小麦茎秆的力学性能与理化性状是决定其抗倒伏能力的关键内在因素，本研究旨在揭示植物生长调节剂介导的茎秆理化组分变化与力学性能增强之间的关系，为增强小麦抗倒伏能力提供理论依据。【方法】选用抗倒性不同的2个小麦品种扬麦22和宁麦13，设置4个喷施处理：清水、烯效唑（20 mg·L^-1）、调环酸钙（4.5 g·L^-1）、烯效唑+调环酸钙，于关键生育时期进行叶面喷施。系统测定茎秆形态特征、力学指标、结构碳水化合物含量及产量构成因素，分析不同处理对茎秆抗倒性能与产量的调控效应。【结果】喷施植物生长调节剂显著降低小麦株高与重心高度，缩短了基部第一、二节间长度，同时增加了小麦基部节间茎粗、茎壁厚度、干物质积累量与茎秆充实度，细胞壁结构性碳水化合物含量，2022—2023年扬麦22、宁麦13成熟期基部第二节间木质素增幅为21.17%—25.52%、5.87%—8.61%。形态与物质积累的优化进一步提升了茎秆力学性能，表现为基部第二节间抗折力、断面模数和折断弯矩显著提高，倒伏指数显著降低，田间倒伏情况明显改善，2023—2024年成熟期田间倒伏率分别下降7.81%、8.94%、11.95%。相关性分析表明，抗折力、折断弯矩与断面模数、茎壁厚度呈显著正相关关系，而与弯曲应力、重心高度及基部节间长度呈显著负相关关系。倒伏指数与抗折力、折断弯矩、断面模数、茎粗及茎壁厚度呈极显著负相关关系，与弯曲应力、株高、重心高度及节间长度呈显著正相关关系。产量方面，喷施烯效唑、调环酸钙及其复配处理均提高了小麦籽粒产量，2022—2023年扬麦22、宁麦13较对照增幅为4.03%—28.40%、9.35%—22.48%，2023—2024年扬麦22喷施处理较对照分别提高了15.71%、14.97%、12.33%。【结论】喷施烯效唑、调环酸钙及其复配可通过协同优化小麦基部节间形态结构（降低高度、缩短节间、增粗茎秆）、促进物质积累（提高充实度与木质素沉积）及改善力学性能等多重途径，显著增强茎秆抗倒能力，最终实现小麦增产。

关键词: 小麦, 烯效唑, 调环酸钙, 抗倒伏, 茎秆力学, 茎秆形态, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The mechanical physicochemical properties of wheat culms are key intrinsic determinants of lodging resistance. This study aimed to determine the relationships between plant growth regulator-induced changes in culm physicochemical traits and improvements in mechanical properties.【Method】Two wheat varieties with different lodging resistance, Yangmai 22 and Ningmai 13, were selected. The experiment included four foliar spray treatments: water (control), uniconazole(20 mg·L^-1), prohexadione- calcium(4.5 g·L^-1) and a combination of uniconazole and prohexadione-calcium, applied at key growth stages. Culm morphological characteristics, mechanical traits, structural carbohydrate content, and yield components were systematically measured to analyze the regulatory effects of different treatments on culm lodging resistance and grain yield.【Result】Plant growth regulator treatments significantly reduced plant height and center of gravity height, shortened basal the first and second internodes, while increasing basal internode culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry matter accumulation, and culm filling degree, with increased cell wall structural carbohydrate content. In 2022-2023, lignin content in the second basal internode at maturity stage of Yangmai 22 and Ningmai 13 increased by 21.17%-25.52% and 5.87%-8.61%, respectively. This optimization of morphology and matter accumulation further improved culm mechanical properties, as evidenced by significantly increased breaking force, section modulus, and breaking moment of the second basal internode, along with significantly reduced lodging index and markedly improved field lodging conditions. In 2023-2024, field lodging rate at maturity stage decreased by 7.81%, 8.94%, and 11.95%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that breaking strength and breaking moment were significantly positively correlated with section modulus and culm wall thickness, while significantly negatively correlated with bending stress, center of gravity height, and basal internode length. The lodging index was significantly negatively correlated with breaking strength, breaking moment, section modulus, culm diameter, and wall thickness of the basal internodes, but significantly positively correlated with bending stress, plant height, center of gravity height, and internode length. In terms of yield, foliar application of uniconazole, prohexadione-calcium, and their combination increased grain yield. In 2022-2023, grain yield increased by 4.03%-28.40% in Yangmai 22 and by 9.35%-22.48% in Ningmai 13 compared with the control, respectively. In 2023-2024, spray treatments of Yangmai 22 increased by 15.71%, 14.97%, and 12.33% compared with the control, respectively.【Conclusion】Foliar application of uniconazole, prohexadione-calcium, and their combination significantly enhanced wheat culm lodging resistance by optimizing the morphological structure of basal internodes, including reducing plant height, shortening internodes, and increasing culm diameter; promoting dry matter accumulation, culm filling, and lignin deposition; and improving culm mechanical properties. These treatments also maintained or increased grain yield.

Key words: wheat, uniconazole, prohexadione-calcium, lodging resistance, culm mechanics, culm morphology, yield

王琦, 郭双奇, 梅蓝欣, 吴承东, 郑长宏, 周琴, 蔡剑, 王笑, 黄梅, 仲迎鑫, 姜东. 基于茎秆结构优化的小麦抗倒伏调控及烯效唑与调环酸钙的协同作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(15): 3283-3301.

WANG Qi, GUO ShuangQi, MEI LanXin, WU ChengDong, ZHENG ChangHong, ZHOU Qin, CAI Jian, WANG Xiao, Huang Mei, ZHONG YingXin, JIANG Dong. Regulation of Wheat Lodging Resistance Through Culm Structure Optimization and Synergistic by Uniconazole and Prohexadione Calcium[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(15): 3283-3301.

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	穗数 Spikes (×10⁴ hm²)	穗粒数 Grain numbers per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	倒伏面积 Lodging area (m²)	倒伏率 Lodging rate (%)
2022—2023	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	406d	38.9ab	41.64a	5454c	/	/
		P2	458cd	41.2ab	41.43a	5674c	/	/
		P3	472c	39.0ab	41.55a	7003ab	/	/
		P4	489bc	43.6a	40.87a	6635abc	/	/
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	461cd	30.9c	39.90a	5862bc	/	/
		P2	533ab	36.2bc	40.86a	6410abc	/	/
		P3	572a	38.9ab	39.93a	7180a	/	/
		P4	567a	35.6bc	40.99a	7054ab	/	/
2023—2024	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	524b	41.2b	45.52a	8589b	2.39a	11.95a
		P2	538ab	44.9a	44.94a	9938a	0.83b	4.14b
		P3	555a	45.0a	44.22b	9875a	0.60b	3.01b
		P4	554a	45.5a	44.91a	9648a	0.00b	0.00b

年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatments	基部各节间相对于第一节间长度的比例 Ratios of the lengths of individual basal internodes to that of the first internode after plant growth regulator application
年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatments	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
2022—2023	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	1a	1.99e	2.89d	3.61d	3.98c
		P2	1a	2.44bc	3.80bc	5.79bc	7.41b
		P3	1a	2.27cd	3.87bc	5.57c	6.87b
		P4	1a	2.10de	3.37cd	6.05bc	7.37b
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	1a	2.09de	3.25cd	4.35d	6.68b
		P2	1a	2.80a	4.88a	7.50a	10.81a
		P3	1a	2.68ab	4.98a	7.53a	10.85a
		P4	1a	2.62ab	4.46ab	6.88ab	10.73a
2023—2024	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	1a	1.40b	2.11d	3.41c	3.58c
		P2	1a	1.48a	2.62a	3.83ab	4.34b
		P3	1a	1.49a	2.18c	3.69b	4.41b
		P4	1a	1.51a	2.43b	3.95a	5.41a

年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	第一节间The first internode				第二节间The second internode
			茎粗 Culm diameter (mm)		茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness (mm)		茎粗 Culm diameter (mm)		茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness (mm)
			开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
2022—2023	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	2.94b	2.80b	0.60d	0.55e	3.42c	3.09d	0.55c	0.37d
		P2	3.97a	3.70a	0.97c	0.87cd	4.26a	3.68b	1.04b	0.89b
		P3	3.68a	3.53a	1.02bc	0.95bc	3.63bc	3.28cd	1.12ab	0.97b
		P4	3.87a	3.74a	1.25ab	1.13ab	4.00ab	3.63b	1.25a	1.17a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	2.88b	2.77b	0.83cd	0.70de	3.40c	3.16d	0.68c	0.52c
		P2	3.86a	3.73a	1.25ab	1.14ab	3.72bc	3.60b	1.11ab	0.95b
		P3	3.73a	3.59a	1.27ab	1.11ab	3.57bc	3.53bc	1.16ab	0.96b
		P4	3.88a	3.72a	1.35a	1.32a	3.98ab	4.04a	1.24a	1.11a
2023—2024	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	3.50c	3.36c	0.86d	0.69c	3.66c	3.36b	0.8c	0.79d
		P2	3.76ab	3.63ab	1.05c	0.87ab	3.87b	3.69a	0.91b	0.85b
		P3	3.70b	3.59b	1.08b	0.83b	3.85b	3.73a	0.91b	0.83c
		P4	3.88a	3.74a	1.16a	0.90a	4.04a	3.74a	1.04a	1.04a

年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	节间干重Internode dry matter (g)				节间充实度Filling degree (mg·cm^-1)
			Ⅰ		Ⅱ		Ⅰ		Ⅱ
			开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
2022— 2023	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	0.12a	0.053a	0.21a	0.092bc	22.17b	10.18b	19.90bc	8.19d
		P2	0.11ab	0.049a	0.19ab	0.098ab	37.14a	15.79a	27.79a	14.43b
		P3	0.10b	0.045ab	0.18ab	0.091bc	33.47a	15.29a	26.27a	13.38bc
		P4	0.098b	0.046ab	0.17b	0.11a	33.23a	15.50a	27.07a	18.05a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	0.056c	0.037bc	0.12c	0.066d	17.32c	12.01b	18.08c	10.42cd
		P2	0.038d	0.031c	0.11c	0.066d	20.27bc	15.05a	20.79bc	11.48bcd
		P3	0.046cd	0.037bc	0.12c	0.077cd	22.41b	17.26a	22.09b	12.89bc
		P4	0.041cd	0.030c	0.11c	0.073d	19.01bc	15.10a	19.90bc	12.82bc
2023— 2024	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	0.15b	0.11b	0.20c	0.13a	22.09c	15.75d	20.64c	13.55d
		P2	0.17a	0.10b	0.25a	0.13a	30.17a	18.90b	29.97a	15.96b
		P3	0.16b	0.10b	0.23b	0.13a	26.33b	17.66c	26.05b	14.35c
		P4	0.16b	0.12a	0.23b	0.13a	30.67a	24.17a	29.41a	17.06a

年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	木质素含量 Lignin content (mg·g^-1)		纤维素含量 Cellulose content (mg·g^-1)		半纤维素含量 Hemicellulose content (mg·g^-1)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturation	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturation	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturation
2022—2023	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	103.21e	115.24b	311.50c	322.76d	254.90b	259.82bc
		P2	127.59d	139.64b	340.71bc	347.91c	263.95ab	252.97c
		P3	132.17d	143.74b	336.53bc	351.98bc	266.77ab	264.17abc
		P4	132.75c	144.65b	333.07c	357.09bc	262.16ab	258.87bc
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	187.89c	204.63a	366.29ab	376.32ab	258.81ab	264.44abc
		P2	214.65a	216.64a	378.63a	387.65a	256.80b	259.71bc
		P3	215.88a	221.66a	383.39a	386.26a	260.15ab	265.81ab
		P4	204.00b	222.24a	375.10a	388.46a	273.24a	274.88a
2023—2024	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	140.72c	169.22b	251.60b	294.78b	175.38c	193.66b
		P2	167.18b	197.38a	261.53ab	308.96ab	194.34a	214.20a
		P3	170.50ab	200.51a	258.29ab	303.29ab	180.47bc	204.39ab
		P4	175.53a	206.32a	270.84a	317.35a	191.72ab	216.45a

基于茎秆结构优化的小麦抗倒伏调控及烯效唑与调环酸钙的协同作用

Regulation of Wheat Lodging Resistance Through Culm Structure Optimization and Synergistic by Uniconazole and Prohexadione Calcium

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品种 Variety	喷施处理 Spraying treatment	大维管束数目 Number of large vascular bundles	小维管束数目 Number of small vascular bundles
扬麦22 Yangmai 22	P1	33bc	18c
	P2	36a	19bc
	P3	35a	19bc
	P4	36a	21a
宁麦13 Ningmai 13	P1	32c	20abc
	P2	34ab	21ab
	P3	34ab	21a
	P4	35a	21a

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