磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 943-955.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响

黄少辉(), 杨慧敏, 杨军芳, 杨文方, 聂浩亮, 张静, 邢素丽, 王敬霞, 杨云马(), 贾良良()

河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所/河北省肥料技术创新中心，石家庄 050051

收稿日期:2024-04-30 接受日期:2024-06-11 出版日期:2025-03-07 发布日期:2025-03-07
通信作者:
杨云马，E-mail：yangyunma@163.com。
贾良良，E-mail：jiall990@126.com
联系方式: 黄少辉，E-mail：shaohui1988@sina.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901003); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901004); 河北省玉米产业体系(HBCT2023020204); 河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-ZHS-4); 河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-ZHS-5)

Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil

HUANG ShaoHui(), YANG HuiMin, YANG JunFang, YANG WenFang, NIE HaoLiang, ZHANG Jing, XING SuLi, WANG JingXia, YANG YunMa(), JIA LiangLiang()

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051

Received:2024-04-30 Accepted:2024-06-11 Published:2025-03-07 Online:2025-03-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同粒级团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性差异，明确长期不同用量的化学磷肥投入下土壤磷组分及有效性变化机制，为土壤磷的高效利用和农业可持续发展提供理论支撑。【方法】在石灰性土壤上设置不同磷肥用量长期定位试验，采集长期周年施用0（P0，对照）、120（P120）、210（P210）kg P₂O₅·hm^-2化学磷肥于耕层（0—20 cm）的土壤，测定不同粒级团聚体含量、磷组分含量和碱性磷酸酶活性，解析长期施磷肥对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响。【结果】与不施磷处理相比，石灰性褐土长期施磷肥显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性和各组分磷含量，不同磷组分中酸溶性无机磷（Pi-HCl）含量最高，水溶性磷（Pi-H₂O）、碳酸氢钠有机磷（Po-NaHCO₃）、氢氧化钠无机磷（Pi-NaOH）含量相对较低。不同粒级团聚体磷组分中，施磷量差异引起无机磷库的变化高于有机磷库，与P120处理相比，P0处理大团聚体（>2 mm）、小团聚体（0.25—2 mm）和微团聚体（<0.25 mm）中无机磷含量分别降低21.5%、27.0%和18.7%，有机磷含量分别降低15.6%、12.8%和12.2%，且不同粒级、不同施磷量间有机磷含量均呈极显著差异。在不同磷有效性中，活性磷含量变化最大，不同粒级、不同施磷量处理间均呈极显著差异。各粒级团聚体组分中大团聚体无机磷（Pi，>2 mm）贡献率最高，为27.6%—38.3%，小团聚体有机磷（Po，0.25—2 mm）贡献率最低，为2.9%—4.9%。稳定性磷对整体磷含量贡献率最高，占84.3%—91.2%，各粒级团聚体组分中大团聚体稳定性磷（SP，>2 mm）贡献率最高，为52.6%—55.2%。不同粒级团聚体间土壤磷酸酶活性差异显著，且整体随粒级增加而增高。随施磷量的增加，大团聚体中磷酸酶活性显著增加。小团聚体P120处理的磷酸酶活性最高，P0处理最低，且处理间差异显著。微团聚体的磷酸酶活性处理间差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明，团聚体粒级和有机磷含量呈显著负相关关系，与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。结构方程模型分析结果表明，施磷量可直接影响土壤无机磷含量进而影响土壤磷的有效性，团聚体对有机磷和碱性磷酸酶活性有直接影响，从而间接影响无机磷含量和磷的有效性。【结论】石灰性褐土长期施化学磷肥显著提高土壤团聚体含量、各粒级团聚体磷组分含量和碱性磷酸酶活性，大团聚体对磷的有效性贡献最高。施磷量与土壤团聚体共同调控土壤磷的有效性。因此，合理施磷和提高土壤大团聚体比例是调控土壤磷有效性的重要手段。

关键词: 长期施磷肥, 磷组分, 团聚体, 磷酸酶活性, 石灰性褐土

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the differences of phosphorus (P) morphology and phosphatase activity in different aggregates sizes, and to clarify the change mechanism of soil P component contents and availability under different long-term chemical P application rates, so as to provide the theoretical support for the efficient utilization of soil P and sustainable agricultural development. 【Method】Long-term field experiment with different chemical P fertilizer application rates were established in calcareous brown soil. Soil samples in the topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected, which were treated with three gradients of P fertilizer application rates of 0 (P0, control), 120 (P120) and 210 (P210) kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 annually. The soil aggregate content, P component contents and alkaline phosphatase activity of different soil aggregate sizes were determined. The effects of long-term chemical P application on P morphology and phosphatase activity of different aggregates sizes in calcareous brown soil were analyzed. 【Result】Compared with P0, the stability and P component content of different aggregates in calcareous brown soil were significantly improved after long-term P application. The content of acid-soluble inorganic P (Pi-HCl) was the highest in different P components, while the content of water-soluble P (Pi-H₂O), sodium bicarbonate organic P (Po-NaHCO₃) and sodium hydroxide inorganic P (Pi-NaOH) were relatively low. The changes of inorganic P pools in all aggregates were higher than those in organic P pools under different treatments. Compared with P120 treatment, the inorganic P content in large aggregate (>2 mm), small aggregate (0.25-2 mm) and micro-aggregate (<0.25 mm) were reduced by 21.5%, 27.0% and 18.7%, respectively, and the organic P content decreased by 15.6%, 12.8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in organic P contents among different aggregate sizes and P application rates. The labile P (LP) content changed largest in different P availability forms. There were extremely significant differences among different particle size and P application rate. The contribution rate of inorganic P in large aggregates (Pi, >2 mm) was the highest, ranging from 27.6% to 38.3%, while that of organic P in small aggregates (Po, 0.25-2 mm) was the lowest, ranging from 2.9% to 4.9%. The contribution rate of stable P (SP) content to total P content was the highest, accounting for 84.3-91.2%. The contribution rate of SP in large aggregates (SP, >2 mm) was the highest, ranging from 52.6% to 55.2%. Soil phosphatase activity was significantly different in soil aggregates, which increased with the increase of aggregate size. In large aggregates, the phosphatase activity was significantly increased with the increase of P application rate. In small aggregates, the phosphatase activity of P120 treatment was the highest, and it was a significant difference between them. However, there was no significant difference in phosphatase activity of micro-aggregates between different treatments. The results of correlation analysis showed that the aggregate size was negatively correlated with the content of organic P content significantly, and positively correlated with the activity of alkaline phosphatase significantly. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis results showed that the P application rate could directly affect the inorganic P content in soil and then affect the P availability in soil. Soil aggregate structural could direct influence on the organic P content and alkaline phosphatase activities, and indirectly affect the inorganic P content and P availability. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of chemical P fertilizer significantly increased the content of aggregates, the content of P components in each size aggregates, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in calcareous brown soil. The large aggregates contributed the most to the soil P availability. P application rate and soil aggregate regulated soil P availability synergistically. Therefore, the scientific P application and increasing the proportion of soil large aggregates were important to improve the availability of soil P utilization.

Key words: long-term phosphorus application, phosphorus component, soil aggregate, phosphatase activity, calcareous brown soil

黄少辉, 杨慧敏, 杨军芳, 杨文方, 聂浩亮, 张静, 邢素丽, 王敬霞, 杨云马, 贾良良. 磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(5): 943-955.

HUANG ShaoHui, YANG HuiMin, YANG JunFang, YANG WenFang, NIE HaoLiang, ZHANG Jing, XING SuLi, WANG JingXia, YANG YunMa, JIA LiangLiang. Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 943-955.

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处理 Treatment	有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	团聚体质量百分比 Mass proportion of aggregate (%)			MWD (mm)
处理 Treatment	有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	>2 mm	0.25-2 mm	<0.25 mm	MWD (mm)
P0	15.6±2.1b	58.7±2.2b	23.9±1.7a	17.3±0.8a	3.2±0.1b
P120	18.9±0.5a	63.4±2.5a	18.9±1.4b	17.8±1.2a	3.4±0.1a
P210	18.6±0.3a	65.1±2.3a	16.3±1.6c	18.5±1.2a	3.5±0.1a

团聚体粒级 Aggregate size	处理 Treatment	全磷 TP	水溶性无机磷 Pi- H₂O	碳酸氢钠无机磷 Pi- NaHCO₃	碳酸氢钠有机磷 Po- NaHCO₃	氢氧化钠无机磷 Pi- NaOH	氢氧化钠有机磷 Po- NaOH	酸溶性无机磷 Pi-HCl	酸溶性有机磷 Po-HCl	酸溶性残留磷 Residual- P	提取率 Extraction efficiency (%)	无机磷 Inorganic P	有机磷 Organic P	活性磷 LP	中等活性磷 MLP	稳定性磷 SP
>2 mm	P0	904.9c	0.7c	6.4c	6.2ab	6.9c	53.2c	415.5c	106.6a	295.9b	98.5	429.4c	166.0c	13.3c	60.0c	818.0c
	P120	1085.5b	3.1b	22.7b	5.7b	15.6b	64.7b	505.7b	126.3b	317.7a	97.8	547.2b	196.6b	31.5b	80.3b	949.6b
	P210	1389.2a	21.4a	77.3a	6.5a	36.1a	74.2a	677.6a	153.8c	319.9a	98.4	812.3a	234.5a	105.2a	110.3a	1151.2a
0.25-2 mm	P0	901.6c	0.9c	9.1c	6.3b	6.2c	59.0c	397.8c	119.8c	293.3a	99.0	414.0c	185.1c	16.3c	65.2c	810.9c
	P120	1112.3b	3.4b	23.5b	6.1b	13.9b	71.5b	526.2b	134.6b	311.3a	98.0	566.9b	212.3b	33.0b	85.4b	972.1b
	P210	1397.5a	19.6a	73.2a	7.6a	34.4a	85.0a	703.8a	151.8a	310.5a	99.2	831.0a	244.4a	100.4a	119.4a	1166.1a
<0.25 mm	P0	1033.5c	1.3c	9.8c	12.5a	5.7c	73.5b	502.1c	133.4b	275.1a	98.0	518.8c	219.3b	23.5c	79.1c	910.6c
	P120	1203.1b	3.6b	24.9b	13.5ab	11.9b	83.7a	597.8b	152.6a	303.9a	99.1	638.2b	249.8a	42.0b	95.6b	1054.3b
	P210	1459.4a	18.5a	69.2a	14.9a	32.6a	84.2a	771.2a	153.6a	294.1a	98.6	891.6a	252.7a	102.7a	116.8a	1218.9a
变异来源 Source of variation
团聚体粒级 Aggregate size（A）		<0.001	0.165	0.488	<0.001	0.061	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
处理 Treatment（T）		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
团聚体粒级×处理 A×T		0.005	<0.001	<0.001	0.116	0.904	0.003	0.114	0.029	0.857	-	0.205	0.014	<0.001	0.041	0.618

磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响

Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil

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处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat (kg·hm^-2)			夏玉米 Summy maize (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
P0	195	0	60	150	0	75
P120	195	120	60	150	0	75
P210	195	210	60	150	0	75

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