长期覆盖对黄土高原春玉米产量、土壤碳氮组分和碳氮库相关指数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 507-519.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期覆盖对黄土高原春玉米产量、土壤碳氮组分和碳氮库相关指数的影响

张方方¹^,²(), 宋启龙², 高娜²^,⁴, 白炬²^,³, 李阳²^,³, 岳善超²^,^*(), 李世清²^,^*()

¹ 洛阳师范学院生命科学学院，河南洛阳 471934
² 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 山西农业大学，太原 030031
⁴ 石家庄学院碳中和研究中心，石家庄 050035

收稿日期:2024-02-05 接受日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2025-02-01 发布日期:2025-02-11
通信作者:
李世清，E-mail：sqli@ms.iswc.ac.cn。
岳善超，E-mail：yueshanchao@nwafu.edu.cn
联系方式: 张方方，E-mail：setzhang@126.com。
基金资助:
陕西省重点研发计划(2023-ZDLNY-52); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700); 国家自然科学基金(42077102); 河南省高等院校重点科研项目计划(24A210019); 河南省科技攻关计划(242102320148)

Effects of Long-Term Mulching Practices on Maize Yield, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions and Indexes Related to Carbon and Nitrogen Pool on the Loess Plateau

ZHANG FangFang¹^,²(), SONG QiLong², GAO Na²^,⁴, BAI Ju²^,³, LI Yang²^,³, YUE ShanChao²^,^*(), LI ShiQing²^,^*()

¹ College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan
² State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
⁴ Carbon Neutrality Research Center, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035

Received:2024-02-05 Accepted:2024-04-29 Published:2025-02-01 Online:2025-02-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确长期覆盖对作物产量、土壤碳氮物理组分和碳氮库相关指数的影响，以期为黄土高原旱作农田长期维持作物高产和土壤肥力提供科学依据。【方法】依托陕西省长武县超过10年的长期定位试验，设置不覆盖（CK）、覆砂石（GM）和覆膜（FM）3个处理。2018—2020年，采集0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层土样，利用物理分组方法对各土层土壤样品进行分组。结合相关性分析，研究长期覆盖下春玉米产量及各土层土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、颗粒有机氮（PON）、矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）和矿物结合态有机氮（MAON）变化特征。在此基础上计算碳库管理指数（CPMI）、氮库管理指数（NPMI）和碳库稳定性指数（CSI）、氮库稳定性指数（NSI），进而明确产量与土壤碳氮组分和碳氮库相关指数的关系。【结果】与CK处理相比，GM处理产量有所下降，平均产量降低5.8%，而FM处理平均产量显著提高13.6%；与CK处理相比，GM和FM处理表层土壤（0—20 cm）的SOC和TN平均含量均有所降低，FM处理表层土壤的SOC平均含量显著下降7.3%，而GM处理变化不显著；与CK处理相比，GM和FM处理均显著降低了表层土壤POC和PON平均含量，显著提高了表层土壤MAOC和MAON平均含量，即长期覆盖显著降低了表层土壤活性碳氮含量，显著提高了表层土壤惰性碳氮含量；与CK处理相比，GM处理显著降低了表层土壤CPMI平均值，显著提高了表层土壤CSI平均值，而FM处理显著降低了表层土壤CPMI和NPMI平均值，显著提高了表层土壤CSI和NSI平均值，表明GM处理显著提高了表层土壤碳库稳定性，而FM处理同时显著提高了表层土壤碳库稳定性和氮库稳定性。相关分析表明，POC和MAOC除与碳库指数相关外，POC也与氮库活性和稳定性密切相关，而MAOC还与玉米产量和氮库活性密切相关。【结论】长期覆膜能够维持作物高产并提高土壤碳氮库稳定性，但降低了表层土壤肥力，在其基础上配合其他补充土壤有机质的措施能够提高其可持续性。

关键词: 长期覆盖, 颗粒有机碳, 矿质结合态有机碳, 惰性有机碳组分, 碳氮库相关指数, 玉米产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of long-term mulching practices on crop yield, soil carbon and nitrogen physical fractions and carbon and nitrogen pool-related indexes, with a view to providing a scientific basis for long-term maintenance of high crop yields and soil fertility in dry-crop farmlands on the Loess Plateau. 【Method】 Based on a field experiment of more than 10 years in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, three treatments of no mulching (CK), gravel mulching (GM) and film mulching (FM) were set up. From 2018 to 2020, in situ soil samples in the 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers were collected, and soil samples from each soil layer were grouped by using the physical method. The variation characteristics were investigated, including spring maize yield, and soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), mineral-bound organic carbon (MAOC) and mineral-associated organic nitrogen (MAON) in each soil layer. Based on carbon pool management index (CPMI), nitrogen pool management index (NPMI), and carbon stability index (CSI), the nitrogen stability index (NSI). Combined with correlation analysis, the relationships between the yields and the soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and the related indexes were clarified. 【Result】Compared with CK treatment, the GM treatment showed a decrease in yield, with a 5.8% decrease in mean yield, while the FM treatment continued to increase yield, with a significant 13.6% increase in mean yield. The mean SOC and TN content of the topsoil (0-20 cm) were decreased under both the GM and FM treatments compared with CK treatment, with a significant reduction of 7.3% in the mean SOC content of the topsoil under FM treatment, while it was not significant under GM treatment. Both GM and FM treatments significantly decreased mean POC and PON content in the topsoil and significantly increased MAOC and MAON content in the topsoil compared to CK treatment, i.e. long-term mulching practices significantly decreased labile carbon and nitrogen contents in the topsoil and significantly increased recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen content in the topsoil. Compared with CK treatment, the GM treatment significantly decreased CPMI in the topsoil and significantly increased CSI in the topsoil, whereas the FM treatment significantly decreased CPMI and NPMI and significantly increased CSI and NSI in the topsoil, indicating that the GM treatment significantly increased carbon pool stability of the topsoil, whereas the FM treatment significantly increased both carbon pool stability and nitrogen pool stability of the topsoil. Correlation analyses showed that in addition to POC and MAOC being related to carbon pool indexes, POC was also closely related to NPMI and NSI, while MAOC was also closely related to yield and NPMI. 【Conclusion】Long-term film mulching maintained high crop yields and improved the stability of soil carbon and nitrogen pools, but it reduced topsoil fertility and could be made more sustainable by combining it with other measures to replenish soil organic matter.

Key words: long-term mulching practices, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, mineral-associated organic carbon, recalcitrant organic carbon fraction, indexes related to carbon and nitrogen pools, maize yield

张方方, 宋启龙, 高娜, 白炬, 李阳, 岳善超, 李世清. 长期覆盖对黄土高原春玉米产量、土壤碳氮组分和碳氮库相关指数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(3): 507-519.

ZHANG FangFang, SONG QiLong, GAO Na, BAI Ju, LI Yang, YUE ShanChao, LI ShiQing. Effects of Long-Term Mulching Practices on Maize Yield, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions and Indexes Related to Carbon and Nitrogen Pool on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 507-519.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2018		2019		2020		平均值Mean
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库管理指数 CPMI	氮库管理指数 NPMI	碳库管理指数 CPMI	氮库管理指数 NPMI	碳库管理指数 CPMI	氮库管理指数 NPMI	碳库管理指数 CPMI	氮库管理指数 NPMI
0-20	CK	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a
	GM	81.15a	54.83a	50.81b	63.78a	56.35b	90.98ab	60.64b	73.59ab
	FM	71.81a	63.71a	30.01b	58.34a	38.22c	75.23b	42.64b	66.55b
20-40	CK	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a
	GM	106.59a	72.4a	96a	54.02b	93.8a	98.27a	77.79a	76.92a
	FM	118.69a	112.31a	186.49a	73.06ab	64.26a	71.25b	83.14a	77.29a
40-60	CK	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a
	GM	115.96a	81.07a	299.75a	145.64a	111.64a	80.93a	119.13a	92.94a
	FM	111.32a	126.78a	229.10a	163.66a	91.41a	94.40a	106.88a	110.41a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2018		2019		2020		平均值Mean
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库稳定性指数 CSI	氮库稳定性指数 NSI	碳库稳定性指数 CSI	氮库稳定性指数 NSI	碳库稳定性指数 CSI	氮库稳定性指数 NSI	碳库稳定性指数 CSI	氮库稳定性指数 NSI
0-20	CK	1.92a	4.49b	1.10a	2.55a	1.41b	2.40a	1.43b	2.95b
	GM	2.62a	9.04a	2.34a	4.21a	2.54ab	2.62a	2.40a	4.19ab
	FM	2.77a	7.53ab	5.90a	4.85a	3.57a	3.01a	3.59a	4.43a
20-40	CK	3.66a	8.99a	4.44a	3.92b	2.31a	2.34b	2.92a	3.94a
	GM	3.83a	14.07a	6.46a	7.81a	2.93a	2.14b	3.86a	5.00a
	FM	4.60a	8.73a	4.06a	5.62ab	3.59a	3.15a	3.79a	4.94a
40-60	CK	5.40a	14.39a	22.59a	15.78a	3.23a	3.14a	5.45a	7.16a
	GM	5.70a	19.49a	7.50a	11.52a	3.20a	3.74a	4.69a	7.80a
	FM	5.76a	14.13a	20.04a	10.23a	4.37a	3.52a	5.39a	6.60a

长期覆盖对黄土高原春玉米产量、土壤碳氮组分和碳氮库相关指数的影响

Effects of Long-Term Mulching Practices on Maize Yield, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions and Indexes Related to Carbon and Nitrogen Pool on the Loess Plateau

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