氮肥减施及绿肥混作对土壤质量和小麦产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.22.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (22): 4718-4731.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.22.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥减施及绿肥混作对土壤质量和小麦产量的影响

张明龙¹(), 柴强¹, 韩梅², 樊志龙¹, 殷文¹, 范虹¹, 何蔚¹, 孙亚丽¹, 胡发龙¹(), 谈燕³()

¹ 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，兰州 730070
² 青海大学农林科学院，西宁 810016
³ 甘肃农业大学林学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-01-03 接受日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-11-16 发布日期:2025-11-21
通信作者:
胡发龙，E-mail：hufl@gsau.edu.cn。
谈燕，E-mail：tany@gsau.edu.cn。
联系方式: 张明龙，E-mail：19994353877@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700204); 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-G-12); 甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才培育项目(Gaufx-05Y09); 甘肃陇原青年英才项目(LYYC-2025-05)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Green Manure Mixed Cropping on Soil Quality and Wheat Yield

ZHANG MingLong¹(), CHAI Qiang¹, HAN Mei², FAN ZhiLong¹, YIN Wen¹, FAN Hong¹, HE Wei¹, SUN YaLi¹, HU FaLong¹(), TAN Yan³()

¹ College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
² College of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016
³ College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2025-01-03 Accepted:2025-03-27 Published:2025-11-16 Online:2025-11-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选适宜的绿肥配置模式，以减少小麦施氮量，为青海高原土壤质量提升和小麦增产稳产提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】2022—2023年在青海大学农林科学院试验基地进行裂区试验，主区设置为施氮水平，即225 kg·N·hm^-2（N2，习惯施氮）、158 kg·N·hm^-2（N1，习惯施氮减量30%）；副区为4种绿肥配置模式，即箭筈豌豆单作（CV）、箭筈豌豆与青稞混作（CV×CH）、箭筈豌豆与毛叶苕子混作（CV×HV）、箭筈豌豆与油菜混作（CV×RS）。【结果】箭筈豌豆混作青稞土壤容重和pH较箭筈豌豆单作分别降低8.6%—10.5%和3.3%—3.4%，较箭筈豌豆混作毛叶苕子分别降低3.3%—5.8%和1.6%—1.9%，较箭筈豌豆混作油菜分别降低4.9%—7.5%和2.3%—2.4%。箭筈豌豆混作青稞土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较箭筈豌豆单作分别提高20.0%—22.3%、8.3%—9.7%、11.2%—15.6%、14.6%—16.4%、14.8%—20.1%、16.8%—18.9%、16.4%—19.4%和23.8%—24.6%，较箭筈豌豆混作毛叶苕子分别提高12.6%—13.8%、3.9%—4.2%、3.1%—4.9%、4.8%—5.5%、7.5%—8.2%、8.2%—8.7%、6.1%—7.7%和6.9%—10.7%，较箭筈豌豆混作油菜分别提高26.7%—35.4%、14.3%—14.4%、7.0%—8.2%、7.9%—9.8%、23.5%—28.0%、23.5%—25.3%、11.5%—12.3%和16.5%—19.6%。减氮30%处理土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性较习惯施氮分别提高3.2%—4.1%和4.5%—4.9%。此外，箭筈豌豆混作青稞土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶较箭筈豌豆单作分别提高20.1%—24.7%、10.5%—14.4%、12.2%—16.9%和12.2%—12.6%，较箭筈豌豆混作毛叶苕子分别提高12.0%—12.5%、4.2%—5.2%、6.4%—7.6%和4.7%—6.2%，较箭筈豌豆混作油菜分别提高28.1%—33.6%、15.2%—19.1%、18.7%—24.2%和5.7%—5.8%。减氮30%处理土壤质量指数较传统施氮提高17.1%，箭筈豌豆混作青稞和箭筈豌豆混作毛叶苕子土壤质量指数较箭筈豌豆单作分别提高142.3%和76.6%。在氮肥减施30%条件下，箭筈豌豆混作青稞的小麦籽粒产量与传统施氮差异不显著，但较箭筈豌豆单作和箭筈豌豆混作毛叶苕子分别提高10.4%—12.5%和4.8%—5.9%。Mantel检验表明，土壤质量指数和小麦产量与土壤有机质、全量养分、速效养分及酶活性呈显著正相关关系，与土壤容重、pH呈显著负相关关系。此外，随机森林模型预测发现，有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶等指标是影响小麦产量的关键因子。【结论】减氮30%结合箭筈豌豆混作青稞可改善土壤理化性质、提升土壤酶活性、提高土壤质量和小麦产量，可作为青海高原地区适宜的生产模式。

关键词: 减氮, 绿肥, 混作, 土壤质量, 小麦产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to screen a suitable green manure configuration mode to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to wheat, so as to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield and stable yield in Qinghai Plateau. 【Method】The split plot experiment was carried out in the experimental base of the Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University from 2022 to 2023. The main plot was set as nitrogen application level, namely 225 kgN·hm^-2 (N2, customary nitrogen application), and 158 kgN·hm^-2 (N1, 30% reduction of customary nitrogen application); the split plot was divided into four green manure configuration modes, namely common vetch monoculture (CV), common vetch and highland barley mixed cropping (CV×CH), common vetch and hairy vetch mixed cropping (CV×HV), and common vetch and rapeseed mixed cropping (CV×RS). 【Result】The soil bulk density and pH of common vetch mixed with highland barley were 8.6%-10.5% and 3.3%-3.4% lower than those of common vetch monoculture, 3.3%-5.8% and 1.6%-1.9% lower than those of common vetch mixed with hairy vetch, and 4.9%-7.5% and 2.3%-2.4% lower than those of common vetch mixed with rape, respectively. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the mixed cropping of common vetch were 20.0%-22.3%, 8.3%-9.7%, 11.2%-15.6%, 14.6%-16.4%, 14.8%-20.1%, 16.8%-18.9%, 16.4%-19.4%, 23.8%-24.6% higher than those in the single cropping of common vetch, 12.6%-13.8%, 3.9%-4.2%, 3.1%-4.9%, 4.8%-5.5%, 7.5%-8.2%, 8.2%-8.7%, 6.1%-7.7%, 6.9%-10.7% higher than those of common vetch mixed with hairy vetch, and 26.7%-35.4%, 14.3%-14.4%, 7.0%-8.2%, 7.9%-9.8%, 23.5%-28.0%, 23.5%-25.3%, 11.5%-12.3%, 16.5%-19.6% higher than those of common vetch mixed with rape, respectively. The activities of soil sucrase and catalase were increased by 3.2%-4.1% and 4.5%-4.9%, respectively, in the 30% nitrogen reduction treatment compared with the conventional nitrogen application. In addition, the activities of soil sucrase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased by 20.1%-24.7%, 10.5%-14.4%, 12.2%-16.9%, and 12.2%-12.6%, respectively, in the common vetch mixed cropping of highland barley compared with the common vetch monoculture, 12.0%-12.5%, 4.2%-5.2%, 6.4%-7.6%, 4.7%-6.2% compared with the common vetch mixed with hairy vetch, and 28.1%-33.6%, 15.2%-19.1%, 18.7%-24.2%, 5.7%-5.8% compared with the common vetch mixed with rape, respectively. The soil quality index of 30% nitrogen reduction treatment was 17.1% higher than that of the traditional nitrogen application. Furthermore, the soil quality index for the intercropping of common vetch with hulless barley and the intercropping of common vetch with hairy vetch were 142.3% and 76.6% higher, respectively, compared with the single cropping of common vetch. Under the condition of a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application, the wheat grain yield of the treatment with common vetch intercropped with hulless barley did not show significant difference compared to traditional nitrogen application. However, it was 10.4%-12.5% and 4.8%-5.9% higher, respectively, than that of single cropping of common vetch and intercropping of common vetch with hairy vetch. The Mantel test indicates that soil quality index and wheat yield were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total nutrients, available nutrients, and enzyme activity, while they were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH. Additionally, the random forest model identified soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, sucrase activity and urease activity were the key factors influencing wheat yield. 【Conclusion】The 30% nitrogen reduction treatment combined with common vetch mixed with highland barley could improve soil quality and wheat yield by improving soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity, which could be used as a suitable production mode in Qinghai Plateau.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, green manure, mixed cropping, soil quality, wheat yield

张明龙, 柴强, 韩梅, 樊志龙, 殷文, 范虹, 何蔚, 孙亚丽, 胡发龙, 谈燕. 氮肥减施及绿肥混作对土壤质量和小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(22): 4718-4731.

ZHANG MingLong, CHAI Qiang, HAN Mei, FAN ZhiLong, YIN Wen, FAN Hong, HE Wei, SUN YaLi, HU FaLong, TAN Yan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Green Manure Mixed Cropping on Soil Quality and Wheat Yield[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(22): 4718-4731.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.22.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I22/4718

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 43

[1]	LEE C C, ZENG M L, LUO K. How does climate change affect food security? Evidence from China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2024, 104: 107324.
[2]	魏蕾, 米晓田, 孙利谦, 李昭敏, 石美, 何刚, 王朝辉. 我国北方麦区小麦生产的化肥、农药和灌溉水使用现状及其减用潜力. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(13): 2584-2597.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.13.009.
	WEI L, MI X T, SUN L Q, LI Z M, SHI M, HE G, WANG Z H. Current status of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water and their reducing potentials in wheat production of northern China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(13): 2584-2597. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.13.009. (in Chinese)
[3]	PAHALVI H N, RAFIYA L, RASHID S, NISAR B, KAMILI A N. Chemical fertilizers and their impact on soil health. Microbiota and Biofertilizers, 2021, 2: 1-20.
[4]	LI H T, FAN Z L, WANG Q M, WANG G C, YIN W, ZHAO C, YU A Z, CAO W D, CHAI Q, HU F L. Green manure and maize intercropping with reduced chemical N enhances productivity and carbon mitigation of farmland in arid areas. European Journal of Agronomy, 2023, 145: 126788.
[5]	LIANG H, LI S, ZHOU G P, FU L B, HU F, GAO S J, CAO W D. Targeted regulation of the microbiome by green manuring to promote tobacco growth. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2024, 60(1): 69-85.
[6]	WANG X D, MA H, GUAN C Y, GUAN M. Decomposition of rapeseed green manure and its effect on soil under two residue return levels. Sustainability, 2022, 14(17): 11102.
[7]	MUELLER C W, BAUMERT V, CARMINATI A, GERMON A, HOLZ M, KÖGEL-KNABNER I, PETH S, SCHLÜTER S, UTEAU D, VETTERLEIN D, TEIXEIRA P, VIDAL A. From rhizosphere to detritusphere-Soil structure formation driven by plant roots and the interactions with soil biota. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 193: 109396.
[8]	李文广, 杨晓晓, 黄春国, 薛乃雯, 夏清, 刘小丽, 张晓琪, 杨思, 杨珍平, 高志强. 饲料油菜作绿肥对后茬麦田土壤肥力及细菌群落的影响. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(15): 2664-2677. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.010.
	LI W G, YANG X X, HUANG C G, XUE N W, XIA Q, LIU X L, ZHANG X Q, YANG S, YANG Z P, GAO Z Q. Effects of rapeseed green manure on soil fertility and bacterial community in dryland wheat field. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(15): 2664-2677. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.010. (in Chinese)
[9]	ZHOU G P, FAN K K, GAO S J, CHANG D N, LI G L, LIANG T, LIANG H, LI S, ZHANG J D, CHE Z X, CAO W D. Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years. Science China Life Sciences, 2024, 67(3): 596-610.
[10]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	BAO S D. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[11]	钟萍, 卢志锋, 韦铄星, 黄玲, 高风, 王智慧, 岑祚舟, 王光军. 桂西北干热河谷典型森林类型土壤质量综合评价. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2024, 44(6): 156-164.
	ZHONG P, LU Z F, WEI S X, HUANG L, GAO F, WANG Z H, CEN Z Z, WANG G J. Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality of typical forests in dry-hot valley of northwest Guangxi. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2024, 44(6): 156-164. (in Chinese)
[12]	张方博, 侯玉雪, 敖园园, 申建波, 金可默. 土壤紧实胁迫下根系-土壤的相互作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 531-543.
	ZHANG F B, HOU Y X, AO Y Y, SHEN J B, JIN K M. Root-soil interaction under soil compaction. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 531-543. (in Chinese)
[13]	MA D K, YIN L N, JU W L, LI X K, LIU X X, DENG X P, WANG S W. Meta-analysis of green manure effects on soil properties and crop yield in northern China. Field Crops Research, 2021, 266: 108146.
[14]	BI Y X, YANG G W, WEI Y Q, WILSON G W T, WEI B, HE Y J, YU H Q, LIU N, ZHANG Y J. Low legume-grass seeding ratio combined with phosphorus fertilization promotes forage yield and soil quality in managed grasslands. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2024, 44(4): 36.
[15]	ZHANG W P, SURIGAOGE S, YANG H, YU R P, WU J P, XING Y, CHEN Y L, LI L. Diversified cropping systems with complementary root growth strategies improve crop adaptation to and remediation of hostile soils. Plant and Soil, 2024, 502(1): 7-30.
[16]	YU R, ZHANG H Y, CHANG F D, SONG J S, WANG J, WANG X Q, KAN Z R, ZHAO N, LI X H, MA J, LI Y Y. Mixed sowing of Feed rape and Vicia villosa can substitute nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil multifunctionality in the Hetao irrigation District. Catena, 2024, 235: 107617.
[17]	ABLIMIT R, LI W K, ZHANG J D, GAO H N, ZHAO Y M, CHENG M M, MENG X Q, AN L Z, CHEN Y. Altering microbial community for improving soil properties and agricultural sustainability during a 10-year maize-green manure intercropping in Northwest China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 321: 115859.
[18]	HU Q J, JIANG T, THOMAS B W, CHEN J, XIE J, HU Y X, KONG F M, YANG Y Y, CHEN X P, ZHANG Y T, SHI X J. Legume cover crops enhance soil organic carbon via microbial necromass in orchard alleyways. Soil and Tillage Research, 2023, 234: 105858.
[19]	LI Z Q, ZHANG X, XU J, CAO K, WANG J H, XU C X, CAO W D. Green manure incorporation with reductions in chemical fertilizer inputs improves rice yield and soil organic matter accumulation. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2020, 20(7): 2784-2793.
[20]	DUVAL M E, GALANTINI J A, CAPURRO J E, MARTINEZ J M. Winter cover crops in soybean monoculture: Effects on soil organic carbon and its fractions. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 161: 95-105.
[21]	YANG L, GU C M, HUANG W, CHANG H B, GAO Y, LI Y S, DAI J, LI X Y, HU W S, CAO W D, LIAO X, QIN L. Legume and maize intercropping enhances subsequent oilseed rape productivity and stability under reduced nitrogen input. Field Crops Research, 2024, 319: 109644.
[22]	徐浩, 王朝阳, 徐阳春, 董彩霞. 基于优化施肥下养分投入与梨产量品质的整合分析及施肥建议. 南京农业大学学报, 2024, 47(4): 680-688.
	XU H, WANG C Y, XU Y C, DONG C X. Meta analysis and fertilization recommendations of nutrient inputs and pear yield and quality under optimal fertilization. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2024, 47(4): 680-688. (in Chinese)
[23]	LI P, JIA L, CHEN Q Q, ZHANG H J, DENG J J, LU J Y, XU L, LI H X, HU F, JIAO J G. Adaptive evaluation for agricultural sustainability of different fertilizer management options for a green manure-maize rotation system: Impacts on crop yield, soil biochemical properties and organic carbon fractions. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 908: 168170.
[24]	LIU R, YANG L, ZHANG J D, ZHOU G P, CHANG D N, CHAI Q, CAO W D. Maize and legume intercropping enhanced crop growth and soil carbon and nutrient cycling through regulating soil enzyme activities. European Journal of Agronomy, 2024, 159: 127237.
[25]	QIAO C L, LIU L L, HU S J, COMPTON J E, GREAVER T L, LI Q L. How inhibiting nitrification affects nitrogen cycle and reduces environmental impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen input. Global Change Biology, 2015, 21(3): 1249-1257.
[26]	WANG W, LI M Y, WEN Q H, MA Y, ZHANG Z M, REHMAN M M U, MO F, TAO H Y, MA B L, WHALEN J K, XIONG Y C. Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability. Science China Life Sciences, 2024, 211: 107898.
[27]	CHE T, XU Y Z, LI Y J, WEI Z M, ZANG X Y, ZHANG X Y, XIAO Z L, HU F, JIAO J G, ZHANG X J, XU L, ZHAO Q. Mixed planting reduces the shaping ability of legume cover crop on soil microbial community structure. Applied Soil Ecology, 2022, 178: 104581.
[28]	QIAO M J, SUN R B, WANG Z X, DUMACK K, XIE X G, DAI C C, WANG E T, ZHOU J Z, SUN B, PENG X H, BONKOWSKI M, CHEN Y. Legume rhizodeposition promotes nitrogen fixation by soil microbiota under crop diversification. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 2924.
[29]	NYFELER D, HUGUENIN-ELIE O, SUTER M, FROSSARD E, LÜSCHER A. Grass-legume mixtures can yield more nitrogen than legume pure stands due to mutual stimulation of nitrogen uptake from symbiotic and non-symbiotic sources. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 140(1/2): 155-163.
[30]	汪景宽, 徐英德, 丁凡, 高晓丹, 李双异, 孙良杰, 安婷婷, 裴久渤, 李明, 王阳, 张维俊, 葛壮. 植物残体向土壤有机质转化过程及其稳定机制的研究进展. 土壤学报, 2019, 56(3): 528-540.
	WANG J K, XU Y D, DING F, GAO X D, LI S Y, SUN L J, AN T T, PEI J B, LI M, WANG Y, ZHANG W J, GE Z. Process of plant residue transforming into soil organic matter and mechanism of its stabilization: A review. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019, 56(3): 528-540. (in Chinese)
[31]	LYNCH J P. Root phenotypes for improved nutrient capture: An underexploited opportunity for global agriculture. New Phytologist, 2019, 223(2): 548-564.
[32]	ZANG H D, MEHMOOD I, KUZYAKOV Y, JIA R, GUI H, BLAGODATSKAYA E, XU X L, SMITH P, CHEN H Q, ZENG Z H, FAN M S. Not all soil carbon is created equal: Labile and stable pools under nitrogen input. Global Change Biology, 2024, 30(7): e17405.
[33]	HU Q J, ZHANG Y T, CAO W D, YANG Y Y, HU Y X, HE T G, LI Z Y, WANG P, CHEN X P, CHEN J, SHI X J. Legume cover crops sequester more soil organic carbon than non-legume cover crops by stimulating microbial transformations. Geoderma, 2024, 450: 117024.
[34]	TAHIR M, WEI X, LIU H P, LI J Y, ZHOU J Q, KANG B, JIANG D M, YAN Y H. Mixed legume-grass seeding and nitrogen fertilizer input enhance forage yield and nutritional quality by improving the soil enzyme activities in Sichuan, China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023, 14: 1176150.
[35]	ABED GATEA AL-SHAMMARY A, AL-SHIHMANI L S S, FERNÁNDEZ-GÁLVEZ J, CABALLERO-CALVO A. Optimizing sustainable agriculture: A comprehensive review of agronomic practices and their impacts on soil attributes. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 364: 121487.
[36]	管彤彤, 张燕, 陶海宁, 董秀, 沈禹颖. 绿肥还田对土壤有机碳组分及碳转化酶活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(14): 2791-2802. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.008.
	GUAN T T, ZHANG Y, TAO H N, DONG X, SHEN Y Y. Effects of green manure return on soil organic carbon component and carbon invertase enzyme activities. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(14): 2791-2802. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.008. (in Chinese)
[37]	ZHANG J L, NIE J, CAO W D, GAO Y J, LU Y H, LIAO Y L. Long-term green manuring to substitute partial chemical fertilizer simultaneously improving crop productivity and soil quality in a double-rice cropping system. European Journal of Agronomy, 2023, 142: 126641.
[38]	殷芳, 何小七, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 范虹, 殷文, 柴强. 复种绿肥补偿减量施氮导致的小麦光合效能和产量损失. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(11): 1990-2000.
	YIN F, HE X Q, FAN Z L, HU F L, FAN H, YIN W, CHAI Q. Compensation of photosynthesis indexes and yield loss of wheat caused by nitrogen reduction with multiple cropping green manures. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(11): 1990-2000. (in Chinese)
[39]	韦金贵, 毛守发, 江俞欣, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 绿肥对减量施氮小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用的补偿机制. 作物学报, 2024, 50(12): 3129-3143.
	WEI J G, MAO S F, JIANG Y X, FAN Z L, HU F L, CHAI Q, YIN W. Compensation mechanism of green manure on grain yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat with reduced nitrogen supply. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(12): 3129-3143. (in Chinese)
[40]	孟亚雄, 孟祎林, 汪军成, 司二静, 张海娟, 任盼荣, 马小乐, 李葆春, 杨轲, 王化俊. 青稞遗传多样性及其农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析. 作物学报, 2016, 42(2): 180-189.
	MENG Y X, MENG Y L, WANG J C, SI E J, ZHANG H J, REN P R, MA X L, LI B C, YANG K, WANG H J. Genetic diversity and association analysis of agronomic characteristics with SSR markers in hulless barley. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(2): 180-189. (in Chinese)
[41]	尹晓童, 杨浩, 于瑞鹏, 李隆. 根系分泌物在作物多样性体系中对种间地下部互作的介导作用. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2022, 30(8): 1215-1227.
	YIN X T, YANG H, YU R P, LI L. Interspecific below-ground interactions driven by root exudates in agroecosystems with diverse crops. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(8): 1215-1227. (in Chinese)
[42]	NATH C P, KUMAR N, DAS K, HAZRA K K, PRAHARAJ C S, SINGH N P. Impact of variable tillage based residue management and legume based cropping for seven years on enzymes activity, soil quality index and crop productivity in rice ecology. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 2021, 10: 100107.
[43]	QIAO L, WANG X H, SMITH P, FAN J L, LU Y L, EMMETT B, LI R, DORLING S, CHEN H Q, LIU S G, et al. Soil quality both increases crop production and improves resilience to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2022, 12: 574-580.

年份 Year	施氮水平 N application level	绿肥配置模式 Green manure cropping pattern	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg∙kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg∙kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg∙kg^-1)
2022	N2	CV	17.9d	8.2e	9.4cd	173.5d
		CV×CH	20.2b	9.8b	10.8a	214.1a
		CV×HV	18.8c	9.2c	10.2ab	194.5b
		CV×RS	16.0f	7.8f	9.7bcd	175.9d
	N1	CV	17.9d	8.6d	9.6d	170.1d
		CV×CH	21.0a	10.3a	11.2a	214.1a
		CV×HV	19.2c	9.2c	10.5abc	192.2bc
		CV×RS	17.3e	8.2e	10.1bcd	182.0cd
2023	N2	CV	18.5e	8.8d	10.3c	186.0c
		CV×CH	22.5b	10.5a	12.0a	231.2a
		CV×HV	21.2c	9.6b	11.2b	216.6b
		CV×RS	17.8f	8.3f	10.9b	197.6c
	N1	CV	19.4d	9.1c	10.0c	186.9c
		CV×CH	23.2a	10.5a	12.1a	230.6a
		CV×HV	21.3c	9.7b	11.2b	215.4b
		CV×RS	17.9f	8.7e	10.6bc	198.5c
显著性（P值）Significance (P value)
施氮水平N application level (N)			0.061	0.052	0.265	0.977
种植模式 Cropping pattern (C)			0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
施氮水平×种植模式 N×C			0.018	0.000	0.821	0.801

年份 Year	施氮水平 N application level	绿肥配置模式 Green manure cropping pattern	蔗糖酶 Sucrase (mg∙g^-1∙d^-1)	脲酶 Urease (μg∙g^-1∙d^-1)	过氧化氢酶 Catalase (μmol∙g^-1∙h^-1)	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase (nmol∙g^-1∙h^-1)
2022	N2	CV	12.2d	376.8d	1789.4bcd	181.0d
		CV×CH	14.9a	425.1b	2105.2a	201.0ab
		CV×HV	13.2bc	408.8c	1914.7b	192.4bcd
		CV×RS	11.3e	355.0f	1685.7d	192.3bcd
	N1	CV	12.6cd	376.2d	1869.2bc	183.8cd
		CV×CH	15.1a	436.5a	2172.2a	208.6a
		CV×HV	13.5b	410.1c	2059.8a	193.2bcd
		CV×RS	12.1de	368.6e	1759.4cd	195.1bc
2023	N2	CV	13.4de	410.9de	1963.6bc	191.7c
		CV×CH	16.6a	447.6b	2141.9ab	215.9a
		CV×HV	14.8bc	430.9c	2026.1bc	207.0a
		CV×RS	12.5e	391.2f	1850.3c	203.8bcd
	N1	CV	13.8cd	418.7cd	1999.6bc	192.4bc
		CV×CH	17.5a	469.8a	2303.1a	216.7a
		CV×HV	15.4b	449.5b	2151.5ab	206.4ab
		CV×RS	12.9de	405.0e	1892.2c	204.9bcd
显著性（P值）Significance (P value)
施氮水平N application level (N)			0.035	0.051	0.026	0.560
种植模式 Cropping pattern (C)			0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
施氮水平×种植模式 N×C			0.509	0.042	0.728	0.926

氮肥减施及绿肥混作对土壤质量和小麦产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Green Manure Mixed Cropping on Soil Quality and Wheat Yield

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 43

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	郭晨荔, 刘扬, 陈燕, 胡伟, 王友华, 周治国, 赵文青. 减氮条件下适当磷肥后移对滴灌棉花产量和磷肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(9): 1749-1766.
[2]	尹波, 于爱忠, 王鹏飞, 杨学慧, 王玉珑, 尚永盼, 张冬玲, 刘亚龙, 李悦, 王凤. 绿肥还田结合氮肥减施对干旱灌区麦田土壤水热特征及小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(7): 1366-1380.
[3]	仇海龙, 李盼, 张殿凯, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 陈桂平, 范虹, 何蔚, 殷文, 赵连豪. 西北绿洲灌区麦后复种绿肥对减量施氮春小麦生长及产量的补偿效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(3): 443-459.
[4]	于茹, 李玉义, 曹巨峰, 马俊, 常芳弟, 宋佳珅, 张宏媛, 李晓彬, 李浩若, 张华, 王婧. 施肥管理对麦后复种绿肥盐碱土碳组分与小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4189-4202.
[5]	靳晓莹, 肖柄政, 张天津, 刘忠宽, 冯伟, 杜章留. 冬绿肥提升滨海盐碱土团聚性及植物源与微生物源有机碳固存[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4203-4215.
[6]	张梦璇, 常芳弟, 魏禾雅, 李晓红, 伍林美, 张宏媛. 盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4216-4230.
[7]	李明珠, 田荣荣, 李然, 王淑娟, 王伟妮, 王婧, 刘俊梅, 刘嘉, 李玉义, 徐立珍, 李彦, 赵永敢. 钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4231-4245.
[8]	高奇奇, 韩哲群, 张海睿, 南珊珊, 黄炎炎, 朱恒侠, 武雪萍. 引黄灌区次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4272-4284.
[9]	张斯佳, 杨杰, 赵帅, 李莉威, 王贵彦. 华北平原多样化作物与小麦-玉米轮作对土壤质量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(2): 238-251.
[10]	张欢欢, 张刁亮, 王晓丽, 陈寒, 邵娟, 殷文, 胡发龙, 柴强, 樊志龙. 绿肥联合麦秸还田对减量施氮春小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(17): 3461-3472.
[11]	王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王凤, 王玉珑, 吕汉强, 尚永盼, 尹波, 刘亚龙, 张冬玲, 霍建喆, 姜科强, 庞小能. 干旱地区绿肥还田条件下减氮对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(13): 2552-2563.
[12]	郭磊, 张斌斌, 沈志军, 严娟, 许建兰, 蔡志翔, 俞明亮, 王发林, 宋宏峰. 桃园绿肥连续还田后中微量元素释放特征及对土壤有效养分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(12): 2411-2426.
[13]	李蓉, 李正鹏, 严清彪, 郭冉冉, 韩梅, 徐珂. 复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(12): 2333-2345.
[14]	高嵩涓, 吴翠霞, 周国朋, 常单娜, 曹卫东. “绿肥+”产业机制及其实践[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(10): 1982-1993.
[15]	韩潇杰, 任志杰, 李双静, 田培培, 卢素豪, 马耕, 王丽芳, 马冬云, 赵亚南, 王晨阳. 不同施氮量对土壤团聚体碳氮含量及小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(9): 1766-1778.