中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2552-2563.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱地区绿肥还田条件下减氮对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒品质的影响

王鹏飞(), 于爱忠(), 王凤, 王玉珑, 吕汉强, 尚永盼, 尹波, 刘亚龙, 张冬玲, 霍建喆, 姜科强, 庞小能   

  1. 甘肃农业大学农学院/干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13 接受日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通信作者:
    于爱忠,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 王鹏飞,E-mail:Wangpf19970801@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900200); 国家自然科学基金(32160524); 甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育计划(Gaufx-04J01); 甘肃省高校研究生“创新之星”项目(2025CXZX-754)

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Maize Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Quality Under Green Manure Returning to Field System in Arid Areas

WANG PengFei(), YU AiZhong(), WANG Feng, WANG YuLong, LÜ HanQiang, SHANG YongPan, Yin Bo, LIU YaLong, ZHANG DongLing, HUO JianZhe, JIANG KeQiang, PANG XiaoNeng   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2025-02-13 Accepted:2025-03-03 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要:

【目的】 为寻求适宜于干旱地区玉米高产优产的合理施氮制度,探讨绿肥还田条件下减氮对玉米籽粒产量及品质影响,以期为该区域发展节氮增效、高产优质的玉米生产模式提供理论依据。【方法】 于2020—2022年在甘肃武威绿洲农业试验站开展田间试验,研究绿肥全量还田条件下不同的减氮比例(绿肥还田条件不减氮,N100,360 kg N·hm-2;减氮10%,N90,324 kg N·hm-2;减氮20%,N80,288 kg N·hm-2;减氮30%,N70,252 kg N·hm-2;减氮40%,N60,216 kg N·hm-2)对玉米农艺性状、产量构成及籽粒品质的影响。【结果】 与N100处理相比,N80处理能够保证玉米株高、茎粗和干重不降低,而N70处理分别降低8.8%、11.3%和16.4%,N60处理分别降低10.6%、12.9%和21.3%。在产量构成因素中,各处理玉米秃尖长均无显著差异;N100、N90和N80处理的穗长、穗行数、行粒数、穗数无显著差异,但均显著高于N70、N60处理。此外,N80处理在保证玉米产量不降低的同时,还具有保证玉米籽粒蛋白质含量不降低、脂肪含量提高的优势,且有助于减少玉米茎叶的氮素积累量,增加玉米籽粒氮素积累量。Mantel检验分析表明,玉米籽粒产量、蛋白质、脂肪含量与施氮量、籽粒氮素积累量、株高、茎粗、干重、穗长、穗行数间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05,Mantel’r>0.25),而与穗位高、秃尖长和行粒数间无显著相关关系。灰色关联度分析进一步表明,穗数、植株干重和穗行数是影响玉米籽粒产量的关键因子。【结论】 在农业可持续发展的大背景下,绿肥还田条件下减氮20%(288 kg N·hm-2)可作为干旱地区发展节氮减投、高产优质农业的合理氮肥管理制度。

关键词: 绿肥, 氮肥, 玉米, 产量, 籽粒品质, 氮素积累

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to seek a reasonable nitrogen application system suitable for high-yield and high-quality production of maize in arid areas, this study focused on the effects of reducing nitrogen application under the condition of returning green manure to the field on maize grain yield and quality, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the regional development of nitrogen-saving, efficiency-enhancing, high-yield and high-quality agricultural production models. 【Method】 Field experiment were conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experiment Station from 2020 to 2022, and different nitrogen reduction rates were investigated under the condition of green manure returned to the field (Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 0%, N100, 360 kg N·hm-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 10%, N90, 324 kg N·hm-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 20%, N80, 288 kg N·hm-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 30%, N70, 252 kg N·hm-2; and Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 40%, N60, 216 kg N·hm-2) on maize agronomic traits, yield components and grain quality. 【Result】 Compared with the N100 treatment, the N80 treatment ensured that maize plant height, stem diameters, and dry weight did not decrease, while the N70 treatment reduced them by 8.8%, 11.3%, and 16.4%, respectively, and the N60 treatment reduced them by 10.6%, 12.9%, and 21.3%, respectively. Among the yield components, there was no significant difference in maize bare top length among treatments; ear length, row number per ear, kernel number per row, and ear numbers under N100, N90, and N80 treatments were no significant difference too, but they were all significantly higher than those under N70 and N60 treatments. In addition, N80 treatment had the advantage of ensuring that the maize grain protein content was not reduced and fat content was increased while ensuring that maize yield was not reduced. And this system helped to reduce the amount of nitrogen accumulation in maize stems and leaves, and increased the amount of nitrogen accumulation in maize grain. Mantel test analysis revealed that maize grain yield, protein content, and fat content exhibited significant positive correlations (P<0.05, Mantel’s r>0.25) with nitrogen application rate, grain nitrogen accumulation, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, ear length, and row number per ear. However, no significant correlations were observed with ear height, bare top length, or kernels number per row. Grey correlation analysis further showed that the ear numbers, plant dry weight and row number per ear were the key factors affecting maize kernel yield. 【Conclusion】 In the context of sustainable agriculture, reducing nitrogen by 20% under the condition of returning green manure to the field (288 kg N·hm-2) could be used as a reasonable nitrogen management system for developing nitrogen-saving and input-reducing, high-yield and high-quality agriculture in arid areas.

Key words: green manure, nitrogen fertilizer, maize, yield, grain quality, nitrogen accumulation