垄作沟播对滨海盐碱土水盐变化及玉米生长的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同种植方式对土壤水盐变化及玉米产量的影响，为进一步挖掘滨海盐碱地产能提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2022—2023年在山东省东营滨海盐碱地进行，采用双因素裂区设计，主区为玉米品种：中试8626（V1）和中单8922（V2）；副区为种植方式：平作（P1）、垄作垄播（P2）和垄作沟播（P3），研究种植方式对土壤水盐变化及玉米产量的影响机制。【结果】与P1相比，P3处理的玉米苗期0—40 cm土层含水量增加4.6%，盐分含量降低10.3%；而P2处理的0—40 cm土层含水量降低4.8%，盐分含量升高11.8%。P3处理可以显著提高苗期表层土壤含水量，降低盐分含量，从而提高玉米出苗率，其出苗率比P1处理提高2.9%。与P1相比，P3处理的吐丝期根系干重、根长、根表面积和根体积分别提高18.5%、21.1%、23.1%和26.8%；P3处理的玉米成熟期干物质积累量、有效穗数和穗粒数比P1处理分别增加10.2%、3.1%和4.0%。品种间，V1的出苗率比V2平均提高了5.2%；与V1相比，V2吐丝期的根系干重、根长、根表面积和根体积分别提高26.9%、13.8%、7.1%和26.0%；V2成熟期的干物质积累量和百粒重比V1分别增加7.0%和3.8%，而V1的有效穗数和穗粒数比V2增加5.2%和12.4%。与P1和P2处理相比，P3处理下V1玉米品种的籽粒产量分别提高9.1%和27.1%，V2玉米品种的籽粒产量分别提高10.7%和19.0%。【结论】在本试验条件下，垄作沟播种植能改善土壤的水盐分布，有利于提高中试8626出苗率、穗粒数、收获指数和籽粒产量。

关键词: 盐碱地, 种植方式, 玉米, 水盐动态, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Studying the effects of different planting patterns on soil water-salt dynamics and maize yield could provide a theoretical basis for further enhancing the productivity of coastal saline-alkali lands. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the coastal saline-alkali soil of Dongying City, Shandong Province, using a split-plot design with two factors. The main plots consisted of two maize varieties: Zhongshi 8626 (V1) and Zhongdan 8922 (V2), while the subplots included three planting patterns: flat tillage (P1), ridge tillage and sowing on the ridge (P2), and ridge tillage and sowing in the furrow (P3). The study investigated the mechanisms by which ridge tillage and sowing in the furrow affects soil water-salt dynamics and maize yield. 【Result】 Compared with P1, P3 treatment increased soil water content in the 0-40 cm layer by 4.6% and reduced soil salt content by 10.3%, whereas P2 decreased water content by 4.8% and increased soil salt content by 11.8% during the maize seedling stage. The seedling emergence rate under P3 was 2.9% higher than that under P1. Ridge tillage and sowing in the furrow significantly improved topsoil water retention and reduced salinity, thereby enhancing maize emergence. At the silking stage, P3 increased root dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root volume by 18.5%, 21.1%, 23.1%, and 26.8%, respectively, compared with P1. At maturity stage, P3 increased dry matter accumulation, ear number, and kernels per spike by 10.2%, 3.1%, and 4.0%, respectively, compared with P1. The emergence rate of maize in V1 was 5.2% higher than that in V2. Compared with V1, V2 increased root dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root volume at the silking stage by 26.9%, 13.8%, 7.1%, and 26.0%, respectively. At maturity stage, V2 increased dry matter accumulation and 100-grain weight by 7.0% and 3.8%, respectively, compared with P1. However, V1 had 5.2% more ear numbers and 12.4% more kernels per spike than V2. In comparison with P1 and P2, P3 increased yield of V1 by 9.1% and 27.1%, respectively, while P3 increased yield of V2 by 10.7% and 19.0%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions, the maize variety Zhongshi 8626 was selected and planted with ridge tillage and sowing in the furrow. This approach optimized soil water-salt dynamics, which contributed to higher seedling emergence rates, increased kernels per spike, enhanced harvest index, and improved grain yield.

Key words: saline-alkali land, planting, maize, water and salt dynamics, yield

陈坚, 吴柳格, 张鑫, 邓艾兴, 宋振伟, 张卫建, 郑成岩. 垄作沟播对滨海盐碱土水盐变化及玉米生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4259-4271.

CHEN Jian, WU LiuGe, ZHANG Xin, DENG AiXing, SONG ZhenWei, ZHANG WeiJian, ZHENG ChengYan. Effects of Ridge Tillage and Sowing in Furrow on Soil Water and Salt Dynamics and Maize Growth in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4259-4271.

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	种植方式 Planting pattern	拔节期 V6	吐丝期 R1	灌浆期 R3	成熟期 R6
2022	V1	P1	0.70±0.01c	4.15±0.06c	3.79±0.02d	2.26±0.07c
		P2	0.62±0.01d	4.03±0.03c	3.64±0.08d	2.11±0.06d
		P3	0.75±0.03c	4.34±0.09b	3.96±0.04c	2.39±0.04c
	V2	P1	0.88±0.03ab	4.52±0.06ab	4.26±0.03ab	2.80±0.04b
		P2	0.84±0.02b	4.43±0.05b	4.18±0.07b	2.65±0.11b
		P3	0.94±0.03a	4.63±0.06a	4.39±0.03a	3.03±0.09a
	V		*	*	*	**
	P		**	**	**	**
	V×P		ns	ns	ns	ns
2023	V1	P1	0.69±0.01b	4.60±0.07d	4.23±0.05d	2.12±0.06de
		P2	0.59±0.03c	4.35±0.04e	4.06±0.08d	2.06±0.04e
		P3	0.74±0.06b	5.19±0.01b	4.79±0.10bc	2.40±0.07c
	V2	P1	0.84±0.02a	5.05±0.04b	4.94±0.09b	2.44±0.06b
		P2	0.85±0.02a	4.84±0.05c	4.63±0.04c	2.27±0.07cd
		P3	0.93±0.03a	5.42±0.11a	5.19±0.07a	2.81±0.09a
	V		*	*	*	*
	P		*	**	**	**
	V×P		ns	ns	*	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	种植方式 Planting pattern	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (×10³kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	种植方式 Planting pattern	拔节期 V6	吐丝期 R1	灌浆期 R3	成熟期 R6
2022	V1	P1	2.48±0.16a	9.52±0.36cd	14.18±0.63bc	18.03±0.48c
		P2	1.97±0.12b	8.90±0.36d	13.81±0.58c	16.21±0.28d
		P3	2.50±0.05a	10.89±0.51abc	16.06±0.6ab	19.72±0.29ab
	V2	P1	2.41±0.01a	11.79±0.84ab	15.01±0.79abc	19.94±0.11a
		P2	2.39±0.22a	10.32±0.35bcd	14.23±0.67bc	18.60±0.43c
		P3	2.60±0.12a	12.60±0.76a	16.63±0.51a	20.82±0.50a
	V		ns	*	ns	*
	P		ns	*	*	**
	V×P		ns	ns	ns	ns
2023	V1	P1	2.19±0.08b	11.70±0.10bc	15.06±0.3cd	20.67±0.66c
		P2	2.18±0.00b	10.50±0.11c	14.20±0.31d	18.66±0.36d
		P3	2.55±0.10ab	12.21±0.40b	17.50±0.40ab	22.44±0.38ab
	V2	P1	2.39±0.08ab	11.43±0.23bc	16.37±0.87bc	20.06±0.45cd
		P2	2.36±0.13ab	11.70±0.87bc	17.34±0.22ab	21.05±0.51bc
		P3	2.74±0.22a	13.59±0.20a	18.49±0.33a	23.15±0.19a
	V		ns	ns	*	*
	P		*	**	**	**
	V×P		ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	种植方式 Planting pattern	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Ear number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2022	V1	P1	8523.84±314.58a	6.07±0.22ab	477.2±10.74b	30.54±0.54ab	47.44±1.70a
		P2	7443.65±402.31b	5.72±0.11bc	469.3±0.66b	29.14±0.35b	45.95±1.48a
		P3	9433.15±276.45a	6.20±0.06a	506.9±17.32a	30.50±0.89ab	47.87±1.07a
	V2	P1	7105.27±175.39b	5.43±0.12c	417.1±5.39cd	31.14±0.69a	35.63±0.54b
		P2	6883.08±99.91b	5.38±0.13c	396.2±11.76d	31.98±0.53a	37.08±0.83b
		P3	7549.12±194.23b	5.76±0.05bc	429.7±7.18c	32.39±0.41a	36.32±0.88b
	V		*	*	*	*	*
	P		**	*	*	ns	ns
	V×P		*	ns	ns	ns	ns
2023	V1	P1	9090.65±98.66b	6.78±0.02a	469.1±7.82a	31.75±0.86cd	44.07±0.67a
		P2	7680.50±110.33c	6.63±0.02b	438.3±7.7b	30.73±0.52d	41.18±0.45a
		P3	9786.60±162.08a	6.85±0.02a	481.8±4.12a	31.89±0.67cd	43.66±0.81ab
	V2	P1	7972.48±40.01c	6.58±0.01bc	434.1±3.87b	33.98±0.25ab	37.92±0.58ab
		P2	7140.36±234.00d	6.52±0.06c	422.0±7.07b	33.01±0.49bc	35.72±1.18b
		P3	9138.38±74.56b	6.78±0.02a	441.1±5.79b	34.90±0.16a	39.48±0.31b
	V		*	*	*	*	*
	P		**	**	**	ns	ns
	V×P		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns