豫北潮土区豆麦轮作周年氨挥发及作物产量变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2614-2629.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

豫北潮土区豆麦轮作周年氨挥发及作物产量变化特征

王世纪(), 李玥颖(), 陈琛, 姜桂英(), 刘超麟, 朱长伟, 杨锦, 王梦茹, 介晓磊, 刘芳, 刘世亮()

农业农村部黄淮海平原耕地质量保育重点实验室/河南农业大学资源与环境学院，郑州 450046

收稿日期:2024-09-11 接受日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
通信作者:
姜桂英，E-mail：jgy9090@126.com。
刘世亮，E-mail：shlliu70@163.com
联系方式: 王世纪，E-mail：wang2545996511@163.com。李玥颖，E-mail：1445503541@qq.com。王世纪与李玥颖为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2023YFD1900203); 国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2021YFD1700904-2); 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23A210014); 河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关); 河南省重点研发与推广专项(242102110208)

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield Under Legume-Wheat Rotation System in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province

WANG ShiJi(), LI YueYing(), CHEN Chen, JIANG GuiYing(), LIU ChaoLin, ZHU ChangWei, YANG Jin, WANG MengRu, JIE XiaoLei, LIU Fang, LIU ShiLiang()

Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046

Received:2024-09-11 Accepted:2024-11-11 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于长期定位试验，探究不同轮作模式下潮土氨挥发及作物产量变化特征。【方法】定位试验始于2016年，采用随机区组设计，共设5个轮作处理：（1）连续小麦玉米轮作（WMWM）；（2）连续小麦花生轮作（WPWP）；（3）连续小麦大豆轮作（WSWS）；（4）1年小麦玉米+1年小麦大豆（WMWS）；（5）1年小麦玉米+1年小麦花生（WMWP）。测定氨挥发速率和累积挥发量，土壤含氮量以及植株含氮量和作物产量。【结果】两季氨挥发均集中在施肥后的1—9 d，其中夏秋季氨累积挥发量显著高于小麦季。相同施肥条件下，夏秋季WMWM处理氨挥发速率峰值最高，为4.15 kg·hm^-2·d^-1；小麦季基肥氨挥发速率峰值最低的是WMWS处理（0.77 kg·hm^-2·d^-1），追肥氨挥发速率峰值最低的是WSWS处理（0.40 kg·hm^-2·d^-1）；WMWP与WMWS处理在夏秋季和小麦季氨累积挥发量最低，较WMWM处理分别降低了18.7%、14.8%和12.5%、28.6%。在0—20 cm土层，WPWP和WSWS处理的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和全氮含量均显著高于WMWM处理。WPWP和WSWS处理小麦籽粒氮素含量较WMWM处理增加了12.9%和17.2%，籽粒氮素累积量同样显著高于其他处理，分别为135和137 kg·hm^-2。WPWP处理夏秋季作物的玉米等价产量（MEY）显著高于其他处理，较WMWM处理提高了41.7%。WPWP和WSWS处理较WMWM处理显著提高了的小麦穗数（7.0%和3.5%）、穗粒数（20.7%和15.9%）、千粒重（5.4%和4.1%）和产量（10.8%和10.9%）。综合整个轮作周期，作物吸收氮素占43.8%—56.3%，氨挥发占1.9%—4.5%，其中，WMWP处理的作物吸收氮素占比最高，WSWS处理氨挥发占比最低。【结论】在豫北潮土区小麦与豆科作物轮作，改善了土壤养分结构，促进氮素向作物迁移，增加小麦氮含量和产量，推荐为该地区适宜的轮作模式。

关键词: 小麦, 玉米, 花生, 大豆, 轮作, 氨挥发, 作物产量, 氮素形态, 潮土

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the long-term rotation experiment, this study explored the characteristics of ammonia volatilization and crop yield change in Fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】 The long-term experiment started in 2016, and this study carried out 2023-2024. A randomized block design with five crop rotation treatments were set as: (1) continuous wheat-maize (WMWM); (2) continuous wheat-peanut (WPWP); (3) continuous wheat-soybean (WSWS); (4) 1-year wheat-maize + 1-year wheat-soybean (WMWS); (5) 1-year wheat-maize + 1-year wheat-summer peanut (WMWP). The ammonia volatilization rate (AVR) and cumulative volatilization (ACV), the content of different nitrogen forms in soil, nitrogen content in crop, and crop yield were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The ACV in summer-autumn season was higher than that in wheat season, and the AVR in both seasons concentrated in 1st-9th day after fertilization. Under the same fertilization condition, at the summer- autumn season, the AVR peak in WMWM treatment was the highest one with 4.15 kg·hm^-2·d^-1. At the wheat season, the lowest AVR of wheat base fertilizer was observed under WMWS (0.77 kg·hm^-2·d^-1), and the lowest AVR after topdressing fertilizer was under WSWS (0.40 kg·hm^-2·d^-1). The lowest ACV was under WMWP and WMWS during both summer-autumn and wheat seasons, which decreased by 18.7% and 14.8%, 12.5% and 28.6%, respectively, compared with WMWM. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the content of ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen under WPWP and WSWS were significantly higher than those under WMWM during the two seasons. Compared with WMWM, the content of nitrogen in wheat grains under WPWP and WSWS were increased by 12.9% and 17.2%, respectively, and the similar trend was observed in grain nitrogen accumulation, with 135 kg·hm^-2 and 137 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The maize equivalent yield (MEY equal to price yield) under WPWP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, which was 41.7% higher than that under WMWM treatment. Compare with WMWM, the panicle number (7.0% and 3.5%), kernel number per spike (20.7% and 15.9%), thousand grain weight (5.4% and 4.1%) and yield (10.8% and 10.9%) were enhanced under WPWP and WSWS treatment. During the whole rotation cycle, crops absorbed nitrogen accounted for 43.8%-56.3%, and ammonia volatilization accounted for 1.9%-4.5%. The highest crop absorbed proportion was under WMWP, while the lowest proportion ammonia volatilization was under WSWS. 【Conclusion】 In the Fluvo-aquic soil area of northern Henan Province, the rotation of wheat and legume crops improved the soil nutrient, reduced the soil ammonia volatilization, increased the nitrogen content and wheat yield, which was recommended as a suitable rotation mode in this area.

Key words: wheat, maize, peanut, soybean, crop rotation, ammonia volatilization, crop yield, nitrogen form, Fluvo-aquic soil

王世纪, 李玥颖, 陈琛, 姜桂英, 刘超麟, 朱长伟, 杨锦, 王梦茹, 介晓磊, 刘芳, 刘世亮. 豫北潮土区豆麦轮作周年氨挥发及作物产量变化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(13): 2614-2629.

WANG ShiJi, LI YueYing, CHEN Chen, JIANG GuiYing, LIU ChaoLin, ZHU ChangWei, YANG Jin, WANG MengRu, JIE XiaoLei, LIU Fang, LIU ShiLiang. The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield Under Legume-Wheat Rotation System in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2614-2629.

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作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播量 Seed amount	施肥量Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm^-2)
作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播量 Seed amount	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
小麦Wheat	郑麦369 Zhengmai369	225 kg·hm^-2	135+70	120	120
玉米Maize	浚单29 Xundan29	67500 plant/hm²	210	75	90
大豆Soybean	圣丰徐豆20 Shengfeng Xudou20	60 kg·hm^-2	42	15	19
花生Peanut	豫花9327 Yuhua 9327	40 kg·hm^-2	101	36	43

处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	玉米等价产量 MEY (kg·hm^-2)
WMWM	277.05±2.15b	9922±135b	9923±135c
WMWS	295.1±8.62a	11795±253a	11796±253b
WMWP	293.25±0.35a	10085±222b	10086±223c
WPWP	--	3095±302c	14060±821a
WSWS	--	3144±41c	8368±112d

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
WMWM	611±6b	30.25±3.25b	41.49±0.21b	7349±110b
WMWS	620±1b	36.41±0.71a	44.26±0.43a	7950±13a
WMWP	643±11a	31.27±0.96b	43.84±1.58a	7955±233a
WPWP	654±8a	36.51±0.61a	43.73±0.61a	8143±144a
WSWS	642±13a	35.05±1.85a	43.21±0.85a	8152±159a

豫北潮土区豆麦轮作周年氨挥发及作物产量变化特征

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield Under Legume-Wheat Rotation System in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province

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