优质高产小麦新品种泰科麦33的遗传构成分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小麦新品种泰科麦33兼具优质高产抗病等优良特性，遗传基础丰富，是一个具有较大应用潜力的新品种。通过构建泰科麦33基因型图谱，解析其遗传构成，为小麦新品种的选育和亲本选配提供依据。【方法】利用55K SNP芯片标记对泰科麦33及其系谱亲本中郑麦366、淮阴9908、豫麦47、PH82-2-2、豫麦13、豫麦2号、百农3217、偃大24、咸农39、丰产3号和阿夫等小麦品种（或品系）进行全基因组扫描，绘制基因型图谱，分析不同供试亲本对泰科麦33的遗传贡献，解析泰科麦33的遗传构成。【结果】泰科麦33及其供试系谱亲本之间的相似性系数为0.72—0.93，泰科麦33与郑麦366具有较大的遗传相似度，遗传相似系数为0.93。SNP标记分析表明，系谱母本和系谱父本对泰科麦33的遗传贡献率分别为66.57%和33.43%，两系谱亲本遗传贡献和理论值出现了较大偏离，说明泰科麦33更多地继承了系谱母本的遗传物质。在亚基因组水平上，系谱母本在A、B和D 3个亚基因组水平上的遗传贡献率分别为71.0%、85.0%和49.4%；而系谱父本的遗传贡献率分别为29.0%、15.0%和50.6%。在各染色体水平上，系谱母本在1A、2A、3A、4A、7A、1B-7B、1D和2D等14条染色体上遗传贡献率均高于系谱父本，系谱父本在5A、4D、6D和7D等4条染色体上遗传贡献率均高于系谱母本；系谱母本和系谱父本在6A、3D和5D等3条染色体上遗传贡献率相当。基因型图谱分析发现，系谱母本贡献位点分布在1A、5A、7A、2B、7B和2D染色体；系谱父本的贡献位点分布在4A、5A、6D和7D染色体上。对比泰科麦33与亲本郑麦366和淮阴9908的SNP多态性，发现有109个SNP位点与两亲本基因型均不相同，分布在除1A和6A之外的19条染色体上；泰科麦33在4A、2B、6B和7D染色体上的差异位点数目最多且成簇分布，各染色体差异位点数分别为10、9、11和9。【结论】构建了泰科麦33的基因型图谱，明确了其遗传构成特点；发现泰科麦33更多地继承了系谱母本的遗传物质，确定了其来源于不同亲本的贡献位点及自身特有的差异位点。

关键词: 小麦, 基因型图谱, 系谱亲本, SNP, 遗传构成

Abstract:

【Objective】Taikemai33, derived from a cross between Zhengmai366 and Huaiyin9908, is a new released wheat cultivar with high quality, high yield, and excellent disease resistance, which has a broad genetic base, and a high potential for application in wheat production. The objective of this study is to dissect the genetic composition of Taikemai33 to provide information for parental selection to use this cultivar to develop more new wheat cultivars. 【Method】Taikemai33 and its pedigree parents including Zhengmai366, Huaiyin9908, Yumai47, PH82-2-2, Yumai13, Yumai 2 hao, Bainong3217, Yanda24, Xiannong39, Fengchan 3 hao and Funo were screened using the 55K wheat SNP chip to dissect the genomic composition of Taikemai33 to evaluate the genetic contributions of each parental line to Taikemai33. 【Result】The similarity coefficient between Taikemai33 and its pedigree parents ranged from 0.72 to 0.93, and the genetic composition of Taikemai33 was highly similar to Zhengmai366, the pedigree mother parent, with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.93. SNP marker analysis showed that the pedigree parents contributed different proportion to the genome of Taikemai33, with the pedigree mother contributed 66.57%, whereas the pedigree father contributed 33.43%, indicating that Taikemai 33 inherits more genetic materials from the maternal lineage. Furthermore, the pedigree mother contributed 71.0%, 85.0% and 49.4% to subgenome A, B and D of Taikeimai33, whereas those were 29.0%, 15.0% and 50.6% contributed by the pedigree father. For each chromosome, the pedigree mother contributed more on chromosome 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 7A, 1B to 7B, 1D and 2D, whereas the pedigree father contributed more on chromosome 5A, 4D, 6D and 7D. The contributions of the pedigree parents on 6A, 3D and 5D were equal. Taikemai33 genotype map showed that the contribution loci of the pedigree mother were distributed in clusters on chromosome 1A, 5A, 7A, 2B, 7B, 2D, with those from the pedigree father were on chromosome 4A, 5A, 6D, 7D. Interestingly, among the polymorphic SNP loci, between Zhenmai366 and Huaiyin9908, Taikemai33 showed 109 loci that were absent in both parents, distributing on 19 chromosomes except 1A and 6A. Chromosome 4A, 2B, 6B and 7D of Taikemai33 confer most of the polymorphic SNPs in clusters with cluster number of 10, 9, 11, and 9. 【Conclusion】We constructed the genotype map and dissected the genetic composition of Taikemai33, determined the loci contributed by the pedigree parents and identified that Taikemai33 inherited more genetic materials from the pedigree mother and conferring some specific loci different with the pedigree parents.

Key words: wheat, genetic map, pedigree parents, SNP, genetic components

亓晓蕾, 王君, 吕广德, 牟秋焕, 米勇, 孙盈盈, 尹逊栋, 钱兆国, 王瑞霞, 吴科. 优质高产小麦新品种泰科麦33的遗传构成分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(22): 4391-4401.

QI XiaoLei, WANG Jun, LÜ GuangDe, MU QiuHuan, MI Yong, SUN YingYing, YIN XunDong, QIAN ZhaoGuo, WANG RuiXia, WU Ke. Genetic Composition Analysis of a New High Quality and High Yield Wheat Cultivar Taikemai33[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(22): 4391-4401.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.001

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I22/4391

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品种（品系） Variety (line) name	系谱 Pedigree	审（认）定年份 Released time
泰科麦33 Taikemai33	郑麦366/淮阴9908 Zhengmai366/Huaiyin9908	2018
郑麦366 Zhengmai366	豫麦47/PH82-2-2 Yumai47/PH82-2-2	2005
淮阴9908 Huaiyin9908	豫麦13/淮阴83209 Yumai13/Huaiyin83209
豫麦47 Yumai47	豫麦2号/百泉3199 Yumai2hao/Baiquan3199	1997
PH82-2-2	长穗偃麦草/普通小麦混合授粉 Elytrigia elongata/Wheat mixed pollination	1991
豫麦13 Yumai13	百农3217/9612-2 Bainong3217/9612-2	1989
豫麦2号Yumai2 hao	65(14)3/抗辉红 65(14)3/Kanghuihong	1990
百农3217 Bainong3217	阿夫/内乡5号//咸农39/3/西农64/偃大24 Funo/Neixiang5hao//Xiannong39/3/Xinong64/Yanda24	1984
偃大24 Yanda24	郑州6号/丰产3号 Zhengzhou6hao/Fengchan3 hao	1970
咸农39 Xiannong39	西农6028/水源86 Xinong6028/Suwon86	1964
丰产3号Fengchan3hao	丹麦1号/西农6028 Danmai1hao/Xinong6028	1971
阿夫Funo	Duecentodieci/Damiano	1956

系谱母本 Pedigree mother	差异位点总数 No. of total differential loci	差异位点数 No. of differential loci	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	系谱父本 Pedigree father	差异位点总数 No. of total differential loci	差异位点数 No. of differential loci	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
郑麦366 Zhengmai366	1370	912	66.57	淮阴9908 Huaiyin9908	1370	458	33.43
PH82-2-2	1370	348	25.40	豫麦13 Yumai13	1370	295	21.53
豫麦47 Yumai47	1370	783	57.15	百农3217 Bainong3217	1370	227	16.57
豫麦2号 Yumai 2 hao	1370	592	43.21	偃大24 Yanda24	1370	191	13.94
丰产3号 Fengchan 3 hao	1370	267	19.49	丰产3号 Fengchan 3 hao	1370	173	12.63
咸农39 Xiannong39	1370	345	25.18	咸农39 Xiannong39	1370	173	12.63
				阿夫 Funo	1370	170	12.41