山东省强筋小麦品质评价及与气象因子关系分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (22): 4383-4397.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

山东省强筋小麦品质评价及与气象因子关系分析

余维宝^1,²(),李楠³,寇一泓^1,²,曹新有¹,司纪升¹,韩守威^1,²,李豪圣¹,张宾¹,王法宏¹,张海林²,赵鑫²,李华伟¹()

¹山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心/济南市小麦遗传改良重点实验室，济南 250100
²中国农业大学农学院，北京 100193
³山东省气象局，济南 250031

收稿日期:2022-04-24 接受日期:2022-07-13 出版日期:2022-11-16 发布日期:2022-12-14
联系方式: 余维宝，E-mail：sy20213010226@cau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
山东省良种工程项目“优质强筋小麦突破性新品种选育”(2019LZGC001);泰山产业领军人才项目(tscy20190106);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300105-5);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03-22)

Study on the Quality Parameters of Strong Gluten Wheat and Analysis of Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Shandong Province

YU WeiBao^1,²(),LI Nan³,KOU YiHong^1,²,CAO XinYou¹,SI JiSheng¹,HAN ShouWei^1,²,LI HaoSheng¹,ZHANG Bin¹,WANG FaHong¹,ZHANG HaiLin²,ZHAO Xin²,LI HuaWei¹()

¹Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Northern Huang-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat/Jinan Key Laboratory of Wheat Genetic Improvement, Jinan 250100
²College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
³Shandong Meteorological Bureau, Jinan 250031

Received:2022-04-24 Accepted:2022-07-13 Published:2022-11-16 Online:2022-12-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 明确山东省强筋小麦品质分布特征，分析关键气象因子对小麦品质参数的影响。【方法】 以优质强筋小麦济麦44为材料，2018—2020年在山东省44个县区获取296组籽粒样品，评价了其品质参数在山东省的分布特征，采用逐步回归的方法分析了不同生育期光、温、水等气象因子与小麦品质参数之间的关系，利用地理信息系统（GIS）对品质参数及其影响因子进行了空间可视化分析，并探究了优质强筋小麦在山东省可能性优势分布区域。【结果】 不同年份，不同区域间各品质参数存在差异，两年强筋达标率表现为最大拉阻力>吸水率>容重>稳定时间>蛋白质含量>拉伸面积>湿面筋含量，变异系数表现为稳定时间>拉伸面积>最大拉阻力>湿面筋含量>蛋白质含量>吸水率>容重。容重在鲁西和鲁西北地区整体高于其他地区，随经度升高而降低，主要受返青—拔节期降雨量的影响；蛋白质含量受开花—乳熟期≥5℃积温正向影响，2018—2019年从西南向东北增加，2019—2020年从西北向东南增加；鲁东地区湿面筋含量较高，这与该地区小麦开花—乳熟期降雨量多极显著相关；拔节—开花期最高气温的负效应与播种—越冬期降雨量的正效应，综合影响了稳定时间高值的分布与区域变化；拉伸面积从鲁西向鲁东逐渐降低，主要与返青—拔节期≥5℃积温显著正相关；最大拉阻力总体表现在东西方向低而中部高，主要与开花—乳熟期≥5℃积温显著负相关。综合分析显示在鲁东和鲁南地区种植强筋小麦的优质可能性强于鲁中和鲁北地区，鲁西地区最低。【结论】 鲁东和鲁南地区是山东省强筋小麦优势种植区域，优质可能性最大。返青—拔节期、拔节—开花期以及灌浆期高温都不利于小麦面团流变学参数；开花—乳熟期积温与蛋白质含量正相关；播种—越冬期降雨有利于面团稳定时间的增加，当开花—乳熟期降雨量低于14.5 mm时不利于湿面筋含量达到强筋标准，而返青—拔节期降水不利于容重提高。强筋小麦生产中建议视天气状况适当浇灌越冬水和灌浆水，推迟返青—拔节期灌水时间。

关键词: 小麦, 品质参数, 气象因子, 空间分布

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this paper, the dominant distribution areas of strong gluten wheat were clarified in Shandong province, and the influence of key meteorological factors on its quality parameters was analyzed. 【Method】The high-quality strong-gluten wheat Jimai 44 was selected as the research material, and 296 samples were collected from 44 counties and districts in Shandong province in the growing seasons of 2018 to 2020. The relationship of meteorological factors, such as light, temperature and water, in different growth periods with wheat quality parameters was analyzed by using the method of stepwise regression. The geographic information system (GIS) was used for spatial visualization analysis, and the possible distribution of high-quality strong-gluten wheat advantageous areas was explored in Shandong province. 【Result】There were differences in the performance of each quality parameter in the different regions in different years. The proportion of samples reaching the standard of strong gluten was shown as maximum pull resistance>water absorption rate>bulk density>stabilize time>protein content>tensile area>wet gluten content in two years, and the coefficients of variation of quality parameters from large to small were stabilize time, tensile area, maximum pull resistance, wet gluten content, protein content, water absorption rate, and bulk density. The bulk density in western and northwestern Shandong was generally higher than that in other regions, and decreased with the increase of longitude, which was mainly related to the influence of rainfall during the rejuvenation-jointing period. The protein content was positively affected by the accumulated temperature ≥5℃ during the anthesis-milk maturity period, while increased from southwest to northeast in 2018-2019 and from northwest to southeast in 2019-2020. The wet gluten content was higher in the eastern Shandong region, which was significantly related to the high rainfall during the anthesis-milk maturity period in this region. The stabilize time was significantly negatively correlated with the maximum temperature during the jointing-anthesis period, and positively correlated with the rainfall during the sowing-overwintering period, and this affected its high value distribution and regional variation; The tensile area was significantly negatively correlated with the accumulated temperature ≥5℃ during the rejuvenation-jointing period, and gradually decreased from the west to the east of Shandong province. The maximum pull resistance was significantly negatively correlated with the accumulated temperature ≥5℃ during the anthesis-milk maturity period; It was low in the east-west direction and high in the middle area of Shandong province. Taking into account comprehensively, the high-quality probability of high-gluten wheat planting in eastern and southern Shandong province was stronger than that in central and northern, and the lowest in western. 【Conclusion】 Eastern and southern regions were the optimal planting areas for strong-gluten wheat in Shandong province, with the greatest possibility of high quality. The high maximum temperature during rejuvenation-jointing period, jointing-anthesis period and grain-filling period was unfavorable to the rheological parameters of wheat dough, while the increase of effective accumulated temperature during anthesis-milk maturity period was beneficial to the increase of protein content. The rainfall during sowing-overwintering period was beneficial to the increase of dough stabilize time; When the rainfall was less than 14.5 mm during anthesis-milk maturity period, it was not beneficial for the wet gluten content to reach the strong gluten standard; The rainfall during the rejuvenation-jointing period was not conducive to the increase of bulk density. Therefore, in the production of strong gluten wheat, it was suggested that irrigation should be carried out in the overwintering period and early grouting according to the weather conditions, and the irrigation time during rejuvenation-jointing period should be postponed as far as possible.

Key words: wheat, quality parameters, meteorological factors, spatial distribution

余维宝, 李楠, 寇一泓, 曹新有, 司纪升, 韩守威, 李豪圣, 张宾, 王法宏, 张海林, 赵鑫, 李华伟. 山东省强筋小麦品质评价及与气象因子关系分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4383-4397.

YU WeiBao, LI Nan, KOU YiHong, CAO XinYou, SI JiSheng, HAN ShouWei, LI HaoSheng, ZHANG Bin, WANG FaHong, ZHANG HaiLin, ZHAO Xin, LI HuaWei. Study on the Quality Parameters of Strong Gluten Wheat and Analysis of Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Shandong Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4383-4397.

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地区 Region	播种—越冬期 Sowing-Overwintering (M-D)	返青—拔节期 Rejuvenation-Jointing (M-D)	拔节—开花期 Jointing-Anthesis (M-D)	开花—乳熟期 Anthesis-Milk maturity (M-D)	乳熟—收获期 Milk maturity-Harvest (M-D)
胶东丘陵区 Jiaodong district	10-15-12-08	03-05-04-03	04-04-05-08	05-09-06-10	06-11-06-18
鲁中山丘川区 Central area of Shandong	10-15-12-20	03-02-04-01	04-02-05-04	05-05-06-10	06-11-06-18
鲁西北平原区 Northwest of Shandong	10-10-12-21	02-28-03-29	03-30-05-01	05-02-06-01	06-02-06-10
鲁西南平原湖洼区 Southwest of Shandong	10-10-12-26	02-28-03-27	03-28-05-01	05-02-06-01	06-02-06-10

年份 Year	品质参数 Quality parameters	变幅 Range	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)	强筋标准 SG standard
2018-2019	容重 Bulk density (g·L^-1)	789-844	810.0	1.38	≥770
2019-2020	容重 Bulk density (g·L^-1)	760-823	803.0	1.58	≥770
2018-2019	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	59.8-70.1	65.0	3.70	≥60
2019-2020	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	62.4-69.3	65.4	2.21	≥60
2018-2019	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	13.2-17.5	14.7	6.99	≥14
2019-2020	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	12.7-19.2	15.1	7.77	≥14
2018-2019	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	19.8-38.8	28.5	11.54	≥30
2019-2020	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	24.9-47.5	32.4	11.98	≥30
2018-2019	稳定时间 Stabilize time (min)	1.7-39.3	15.0	51.06	≥8
2019-2020	稳定时间 Stabilize time (min)	4.3-37.4	19.2	36.67	≥8
2018-2019	拉伸面积Tensile area (cm²)	68-175	122.9	24.96	≥100
2018-2019	最大拉阻力Maximum pull resistance (E.U.)	384-931	595.9	20.91	≥350

品质参数 Quality parameters	回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
容重 Bulk density	y=818.823-2.068b₄	b4: -0.411*
吸水率Water absorption	y=63.832+0.101b₄	b4: 0.382**
蛋白质含量Protein content	y=18.959-0.464b₂+0.005d₆	d6: 0.431; b2: -0.508
湿面筋含量Wet gluten content	y=46.711+0.031d₄-1.021b₂	d4: 0.538; b2: -0.507
稳定时间Stabilize time	y=121.448+0.139a₄-5.326c₂	c2: -0.29; a4: 0.298
拉伸面积Tensile area	y=298.882+0.615b₆	b6: 0.501*
最大拉阻力Maximum pull resistance	y=2078.576-1.412d₆-46.777b₁	d6: -0.533*; b1: -0.245

山东省强筋小麦品质评价及与气象因子关系分析

Study on the Quality Parameters of Strong Gluten Wheat and Analysis of Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Shandong Province

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