不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 61-73.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响

冯晨^1,²(),黄波^3,⁴(),冯良山^1,²,郑家明^1,²,白伟^1,²,杜桂娟^1,²,向午燕^1,²,蔡倩^1,²,张哲^1,²,孙占祥^1,²()

¹辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳 110161
²国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,辽宁阜新 123100
³沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳 110866
⁴农业农村部国际交流服务中心,北京 100125

收稿日期:2021-02-26 接受日期:2021-04-28 出版日期:2022-01-01 发布日期:2022-01-07
联系方式: 冯晨,E-mail： sandyla570521@126.com。|黄波,E-mail： huangbo@agri.gov.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41807388);国家自然科学基金(U21A20217);国家自然科学基金(32071551);国家自然科学基金(32101855);辽宁省兴辽英才计划(XLYC2007041);辽宁省兴辽英才计划(XLYC2002051);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(202122235);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2021QN2007);农业农村部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队

Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning

FENG Chen^1,²(),HUANG Bo^3,⁴(),FENG LiangShan^1,²,ZHENG JiaMing^1,²,BAI Wei^1,²,DU GuiJuan^1,²,XIANG WuYan^1,²,CAI Qian^1,²,ZHANG Zhe^1,²,SUN ZhanXiang^1,²()

¹Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
²National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100, Liaoning
³College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
⁴Center of International Cooperation Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125

Received:2021-02-26 Accepted:2021-04-28 Published:2022-01-01 Online:2022-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过研究不同配置条件下玉米‖花生间作系统地上部氮含量和吸收量,结合间作系统花生结瘤固氮和土壤有效氮分布,明确不同配置下玉米‖花生间作体系对氮素的吸收利用特征,为玉米‖花生间作氮高效利用模式的区域筛选提供依据。【方法】本试验于2015—2016年在国家农业环境阜新观测实验站进行,设置玉米单作（M）、花生单作（P）、2行玉米4行花生间作（M2P4）和4行玉米4行花生间作（M4P4）模式,玉米单作及每种间作模式下设3种不同玉米种植密度（6、9和12株/m²）,共10个处理,分析不同配置（行比和密度）玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用特征和优势。【结果】与单作相比,间作玉米和花生植株氮浓度变化并不明显,受作物占地比例影响,间作模式下玉米和花生的产量、氮产量均低于相应单作,且氮产量与间作生物产量表现相一致。玉米‖花生间作可以显著提高系统氮的吸收利用（氮吸收当量比NER>1）,且主要归因于玉米的养分吸收优势（pNER_m为0.63—0.80）。随着玉米行比和密度的增加NER也随之增大,其中M4P4模式（NER 1.06—1.22）的氮吸收要显著高于M2P4模式（NER 1.0—1.06）。在玉米‖花生间作系统中,玉米比花生更有竞争力（A_mp>0）,且竞争吸收氮养分能力也更强（CR_mp>1）,M4P4行比以及玉米增密有助于增强玉米对氮营养的竞争,增加系统氮养分吸收优势（△NU>0）以及间作养分对产量的贡献（C）。与玉米间作可促进花生结瘤固氮,M4P4行比配置下花生根瘤数量、单株根瘤重量和单个瘤重均高于M2P4配置,且以中、低密度处理为优。间作系统中土壤有效氮含量（N_min）表现为花生条带土壤N_min高于玉米条带,且单作花生土壤N_min高于间作花生,而单作玉米土壤N_min低于间作玉米。【结论】玉米‖花生间作可显著提高系统氮的吸收利用,其中玉米对系统氮吸收的贡献较大,适度增加玉米行比和密度有助于增加系统氮素吸收当量比、增强玉米对氮营养的竞争以及间作养分对产量的贡献。综合分析认为,本研究中M4P4-6和M4P4-8为玉米‖花生间作较佳配置,玉米花生种间互作对间作系统干物质量和花生生物固氮的促进,以及玉米在吸收氮养分上的强竞争能力是玉米‖花生间作具有氮素吸收利用优势的重要原因。

关键词: 间作, 配置, 玉米, 花生, 氮吸收利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study clarified the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics in maize-peanut intercropping by studying the nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake, nodulation of peanut and nitrogen distribution under different configurations, which provided a basis for regional screening and application of nitrogen efficient model of maize-peanut intercropping system. 【Method】 A field study with 10 treatments was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin in 2015 and 2016, including four cropping systems, such as sole maize (M), sole peanut (P), intercropping system of 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M2P4), and intercropping system of 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M4P4). Each maize treatment included three maize planting densities (6, 9 and 12 plants/m²). The characteristics and advantages of nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-peanut intercropping system with different configurations (row proportion and maize density) were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with monocropping, the change of nitrogen concentration in maize and peanut plants was not significant, the yield and nitrogen yield of maize and peanut in intercropping was lower than that in monocropping due to the different proportion of land occupy, and was consistent with intercropping biomass performance. Maize-peanut intercropping significantly increased the system nitrogen uptake, nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio (NER)>1, which was mainly due to the nutrient absorption advantage of maize (pNER_m was 0.63-0.80). The NER was increased with the row and density of maize increasing. The nitrogen uptake under M4P4 pattern (NER 1.06-1.22) was significantly higher than that under M2P4 pattern (NER 1.0-1.06). In maize-peanut intercropping system, maize was more competitive than peanut (A_mp>0), and the competitive ability to absorb nitrogen was also stronger (CR_mp>1), and M4P4 pattern and maize densification could enhance maize competition for nitrogen and increase the advantage of nitrogen uptake (△NU>0) and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. Intercropping with maize could promote nodule formation of peanut. The number of nodule, weight of nodule per plant and weight per nodule of peanut under M4P4 pattern were higher than those under M2P4 pattern, and medium and low planting density treatments were better for nodulation. The soil available nitrogen content (N_min) in the intercropping system was higher in the peanut strip than in the maize strip, and the N_min in the sole peanut strip was higher than that in the intercropped peanut strip, while the N_min in the sole maize strip was lower than that in the intercropped maize strip. 【Conclusion】 Maize-peanut intercropping could significantly improve the nitrogen uptake and utilization in the system, and maize contributed more to the system nitrogen uptake. Moderate increase of maize row ratio and density was beneficial to increase the nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio, enhance maize competition for nitrogen nutrition, and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. In this study, M4P4-6 and M4P4-8 were the better pattern for maize-peanut intercropping. The promotion of maize-peanut intercropping on dry matter and peanut biological nitrogen fixation, as well as the competitive ability of maize to absorb nitrogen, were the important reasons for the advantages of maize-peanut intercropping in nitrogen utilization.

Key words: intercropping, configuration, maize, peanut, nitrogen uptake

冯晨,黄波,冯良山,郑家明,白伟,杜桂娟,向午燕,蔡倩,张哲,孙占祥. 不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(1): 61-73.

FENG Chen,HUANG Bo,FENG LiangShan,ZHENG JiaMing,BAI Wei,DU GuiJuan,XIANG WuYan,CAI Qian,ZHANG Zhe,SUN ZhanXiang. Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 61-73.

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序号No.	处理 Treatment	代号Code
1	单作花生 Sole peanut	P
2	单作玉米（密度6株/m²,即4 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 6 plants/m²)	M-4
3	单作玉米（密度9株/m²,即6 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 9 plants/m²)	M-6
4	单作玉米（密度12株/m²,即8 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 12 plants/m²)	M-8
5	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度6株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 6 plants/m²)	M2P4-4
6	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度9株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 9 plants/m²)	M2P4-6
7	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度12株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 12 plants/m²)	M2P4-8
8	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度6株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 6 plants/m²)	M4P4-4
9	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度9株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 9 plants/m²)	M4P4-6
10	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度12株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 12 plants/m²)	M4P4-8

年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	玉米氮产量 N yield of maize (kg·hm^-2)		花生氮产量 N yield of peanut (kg·hm^-2)		氮吸收当量比 NER
年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	间作 Intercropping	单作 Sole	间作 Intercropping	单作Sole	pNER_m	pNER_p	NER
2015	M2P4-4	103.6	157.5	67.4	201.7	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	122.4	175.5	66.2		0.70	0.33	1.03
	M2P4-8	127.9	180.2	70.2		0.71	0.36	1.07
	M4P4-4	101.2	157.5	77.3		0.64	0.39	1.03
	M4P4-6	121.6	175.5	80.4		0.69	0.41	1.10
	M4P4-8	144.1	180.2	77.8		0.80	0.39	1.19
	SE	8.78	5.40	2.77	18.3	0.040	0.037	0.065
2016	M2P4-4	101.9	154.7	66.5	196.7	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	108.1	164.9	67.5		0.66	0.35	1.00
	M2P4-8	115.3	160.5	66.4		0.72	0.34	1.06
	M4P4-4	96.3	154.7	93.5		0.62	0.48	1.10
	M4P4-6	113.5	164.9	90.7		0.69	0.46	1.15
	M4P4-8	128.5	160.5	86.5		0.80	0.44	1.24
	SE	8.04	6.03	5.37	7.46	0.033	0.038	0.063
2015-2016	M2P4-4	102.7	156.1	66.9	199.2	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	115.3	170.2	66.9		0.68	0.34	1.02
	M2P4-8	121.6	170.4	68.3		0.71	0.35	1.06
	M4P4-4	98.7	156.1	85.4		0.63	0.43	1.06
	M4P4-6	117.6	170.2	85.5		0.69	0.43	1.12
	M4P4-8	136.3	170.4	82.2		0.80	0.42	1.22
	SE	5.84	4.64	3.34	8.92	0.024	0.026	0.042
P值 P value	行比Row proportion (R)	0.3715	1.0000	0.0000	—	0.2336	0.0003	0.0031
	密度Density (D)	0.0001	0.0055	0.9483	—	0.0002	0.9926	0.0446
	行比×密度 (R×D)	0.2813	1.0000	0.7175	—	0.0747	0.8467	0.5915

年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	氮吸收优势 N absorption advantage (△NU)	氮利用效率优势 N use efficiency advantage		竞争能力 Aggressivity (A_mp)	氮竞争比率 Competitive rate (CR_mp)	优势贡献 Contribution (C)
年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	氮吸收优势 N absorption advantage (△NU)	△NUEb	△NUEy	竞争能力 Aggressivity (A_mp)	氮竞争比率 Competitive rate (CR_mp)	优势贡献 Contribution (C)
2015-2016	M2P4-4	-7.86	49.33	47.42	1.762	0.975	0.13
	M2P4-6	-3.35	38.07	39.55	1.266	0.991	0.06
	M2P4-8	0.83	46.39	26.96	1.149	1.06	0.15
	M4P4-4	3.79	8.76	45.86	1.173	1.491	0.12
	M4P4-6	10.64	13.28	21.06	0.772	1.596	0.18
	M4P4-8	18.60	7.06	1.23	0.699	1.942	0.17
	SE	5.20	4.54	17.8	0.334	0.093	0.023
P值 P value	行比Row proportion (R)	0.0019	0.0000	0.3018	0.0709	0.0000	0.0219
	密度 Density (D)	0.0944	0.7509	0.2046	0.2368	0.0179	0.1312
	行比×密度 (R×D)	0.8391	0.1720	0.7857	0.9775	0.1355	0.0179

不同模式/配置 Planting pattern/Configuration		根瘤数量 Nodule number (No./plant)	单株根瘤重 Nodule weight (mg/plant)	单个瘤重 Weight per nodule (mg/nodule)
单作花生Sole peanut		8±5B	9.0±0.9B	1.23±0.13A
M2P4-4		6±3b	4.17±1.9b	0.74±0.16a
M2P4-6		30±4a	26.5±6.4a	0.83±0.11a
M2P4-8		11±5b	11.7±5.3ab	0.74±0.24a
平均值Mean		16±3B	14.1±3.7B	0.77±0.07B
M4P4-4		40±6a	46.2±11.1a	1.10±0.14a
M4P4-6		21±7b	22.0±6.7b	1.12±0.10a
M4P4-8		23±5b	24.3±5.1b	1.09±0.12a
平均值Mean		28±3A	30.8±3.7A	1.11±0.07A
P值 P value	模式Configuration(C)	0.004	0.003	0.003
	密度Density (D)	0.208	0.481	0.863
	模式×密度（C×D）	0.001	0.004	0.945

不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning

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