中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (14): 3043-3056.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤质量评价指标体系的构建及评价方法

李鑫1(),张文菊1(),邬磊1,任意2,张骏达2,徐明岗1   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京 100081
    2农业农村部耕地质量监测与保护中心,北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-04 接受日期:2020-11-10 出版日期:2021-07-16 发布日期:2021-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 张文菊
  • 作者简介:李鑫,Tel:15511903911;E-mail: lixin06@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW035);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019044)

Advance in Indicator Screening and Methodologies of Soil Quality Evaluation

LI Xin1(),ZHANG WenJu1(),WU Lei1,REN Yi2,ZHANG JunDa2,XU MingGang1   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    2Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
  • Received:2020-09-04 Accepted:2020-11-10 Online:2021-07-16 Published:2021-07-26
  • Contact: WenJu ZHANG

摘要:

【目的】探究国内外土壤质量评价方法与指标体系,梳理土壤质量评价中的研究热点与发展前沿,为我国土壤质量评估研究及方法应用提供科学参考。【方法】基于Web of Science 和CNKI数据库,利用文献计量检索方法,收集有关土壤质量评价指标、最小数据集筛选、土壤质量评价方法等方面的文献415篇、最小数据集155个。基于土壤质量评价指标选取频率、评价方法和最小数据集等信息,分析近30年来全球土壤质量评价的发展态势、前沿领域以及评价中存在的问题。【结果】国内外土壤质量评价指标体系涉及25个物理指标、36个化学指标、35个生物指标和19个环境指标。土壤有机质作为土壤质量的核心指标,其选取频率最高,为96.6%;其次是土壤酸碱度、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和容重,选取频率均在50%以上;微生物生物量、土壤酶活性等生物指标选取频率较低,均小于25%,但呈逐年增加的趋势。最小数据集构建方法中,主成分分析能最大限度地减少指标冗余,体现原始变量的绝大部分信息,应用最为广泛。被筛选进入最小数据集的指标中,有机质、速效磷、容重和土壤酸碱度在表征土壤质量时应用广泛,频率分别为67.7%、43.2%、34.8%和34.2%。目前土壤质量评价研究主要采用主成分分析方法筛选土壤质量指标,运用土壤质量指数法进行综合评价,能较准确地评估管理措施对土壤质量的影响,适用于土壤可持续管理。【结论】土壤有机质、速效磷、酸碱度、容重和含水量是表征土壤质量的重要评价指标。构建能够客观、全面、真实地反映土壤质量变化的指标体系及其与信息技术的融合是未来土壤质量评价研究的重点,应用指标体系在大空间尺度评估土壤质量是未来发展的趋势。

关键词: 文献计量学, Web of Science 数据库, CNKI数据库, 土壤质量, 最小数据集, 评价方法

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objectives of the present study were to synthesize the current information on soil quality assessment method and indicator system, and to present the hot topics and frontiers related to soil quality, so as to, provide references for Chinese scholars and experts in the field of soil quality evaluation research and application. 【Method】 The published articles regarding the selection of soil quality indicators, construction of minimum data set, and selection of soil quality evaluation methods were collected based on Web of Science and CNKI databases using bibliometrics method, and a total of 415 articles and 155 minimum data sets related to soil quality evaluation were screened. Development trend, frontier fields and current problems of global soil quality assessment during the past 30 years were analyzed according to selection frequency of indicators, assessment method and construction of minimum data set. 【Result】 The soil quality evaluation indicator system mainly included 25 physical, 36 chemical, 35 biological and 19 environmental indicators. Soil organic matter, as the core indicator of soil quality, was selected with the highest frequency of 96.6%, followed by pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and bulk density, with a frequency more than 50%. The selection frequency of biological indicators such as microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity was less than 25%, while increasing over time. Principal component analysis, minimizing indicator redundancy and reflecting most of the information of original variables, was the most widely used for minimum data set construction method. Soil organic matter, available phosphorus, bulk density, and pH were selected into the minimum data set with a frequency of 67.7%, 43.2%, 34.8%, and 34.2%, respectively, being widely used to characterize soil quality. Nowadays, the most studies on soil quality evaluation focus on the utilization of principal component analysis to select soil quality indicators and establish soil quality index for comprehensive soil quality evaluation, which was suitable for sustainable soil management.【Conclusion】 Soil organic matter, available phosphorus, soil pH, bulk density and soil water content were the main parameters selected for soil quality evaluation. Construction a comprehensive and objective soil quality indicator system and the integration with the information technology would be the focus in future research. The application of evaluation indicators in large-scale soil quality assessment was the trend of future development.

Key words: bibliometrics, Web of science database, CNKI database, soil quality, minimum data set, assessment method