基于文献计量的农业面源污染研究发展态势分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】客观地分析国内外农业面源污染研究现状，明确当前的研究前沿与热点问题，为农业环境领域科研工作者与决策者提供参考。【方法】利用文献计量学方法，基于ISI Web of Science和CNKI数据库，根据发文量、发文期刊、被引频次等指标，分析近30年来农业面源污染研究的发展态势、前沿领域、研究机构以及国际合作状况等。【结果】共检索得到农业面源污染相关英文文献280篇，中文文献1 517篇。7个研究方向中，农业面源污染治理、现状调查与分析、以及对环境的影响最受关注，三峡库区、太湖流域、密云水库等典型流域污染控制是研究热点。沟渠氮、磷去除对面源污染治理有很重要的意义，目前仍缺乏深入研究，将是今后的一个重要突破口。过程模型模拟是主要的研究方法，野外观测与试验是对模型进行验证的重要手段。国际上研究农业面源污染影响力比较强的单位主要有美国的威斯康星大学、加州大学、爱荷华大学，英国的兰喀斯特大学等，国内实力较强的有中国科学院、北京师范大学、以及厦门大学。中国与美、英等国之间的合作比较多，有助于该领域研究紧跟国际前沿、瞄准热点问题、与世界高水平机构共同探讨解决问题的办法。美欧等发达国家和地区高影响力论文与期刊较多，中国在研究层次、团队实力、论文质量、主办期刊质量等方面有待于进一步提高，原创性成果与重要发现偏少，具有国际影响力的团队少，核心作者不突出。主要原因包括项目周期短，大规模系统性监测数据较少；国产模型普及率不高，各研究单位之间合作不够深入，模型与数据共享机制不完善；缺少中远期团队建设规划，研究群体不稳定等。为解决以上问题，需要从多方面努力。首先，制定农业面源污染观测长期规划，形成系统性成果；其次，鼓励原创性研究，紧跟当前研究前沿与热点，探讨未知的科学问题；第三，整合各行业资金来源，稳定资助力度，凝聚高效研究群体，广泛开展合作交流与数据共享；最后，优化对单位以及个人的评价指标体系，促进国内期刊快速成长。【结论】流域尺度面源污染治理与过程模型模拟是当前农业面源污染研究的前沿领域，农业面源污染物在沟渠与河流网络中的迁移转化机理将成为未来的研究重点，中国虽然发文量增长迅速，但高影响力论文偏少，优秀国际期刊不足。中国主办的期刊中，表现较好的有《Journal of Environmental Sciences-China》和《中国农业科学》。

关键词: 非点源污染 , 文献计量 , 发展趋势 , CNKI数据库 , SCIE数据库

Abstract: 【Objective】The current situation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPS) research both in China and the world was analyzed for the purpose of understanding the frontiers and hot topics at present, and providing useful data for scholars and experts in the field of agricultural environment. 【Method】ISI Web of Science and CNKI database were chosen to analyze the published articles on ANPS study in recent 30 years based on paper number, major journals, and cited times. Issues including status and trends, frontiers, major institutions, and international cooperation were analyzed. 【Result】 A total of 280 articles in English and 1517 articles in Chinese were got. The most popular topics for ANPS study were control methods, investigation and analysis of ANPS status, and impact on the environment. Typical watershed such as Three Gorges, Taihu, and Miyun reservoir were hot regions for ANPS study. Agricultural streams are important for nutrient retention and removal in ANPS control. But the theory of the retention and removal process was not very clear now, which will be critical research area. Simulation with the process-based model was the main method. Field observation and laboratory experiment were important validation methods. Wisconsin University, California University and Iowa University from USA and Lancaster University from UK have done great works on ANPS study. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, and Xiamen University were famous for ANPS study in China. Cooperation between China and USA increased very much in recent years. The cooperation could help scholars in China focusing on the most important issues in the world and trying to find methods for resolving agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Most of the high quality articles and journals were from USA and Europe. Research ability, article quality, and famous journals in China need to be further improved. Main problems were lack of original research and important discovery, famous research groups, and important authors with high quality articles. The reasons for this phenomenon included short period of most research projects, no enough systematic observation data, difficult to use local models, no necessary cooperation among research groups, few model and data sharing work, unstable research group and staff. Lots of work should be done to resolve these problems. Firstly, make long-term planning for ANPS study and observations. Secondly, support original research for recent progress. Thirdly, reorganize all the financial support and make stable support for important groups. Finally, improve the evaluation system for institute a and staff, and increase the quality of local journals in English. 【Conclusion】ANPS control in watershed scale and simulation with process-based model are frontiers in the world for ANPS study. Nutrient transport and transformation mechanism in agricultural streams and river network will be the emphases and direction in the future research. Published articles from China increased dramatically in recent years, while articles with high impact and good international journals are few. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China and Scientia Agricultura Sinica are journals published high quality articles on ANPS study in China.

Key words: nonpoint source pollution , bibliometric , development trend , CNKI database , SCIE database

高懋芳1, 邱建军1, 刘三超2, 刘宏斌1, 王立刚1, 逄焕成1. 基于文献计量的农业面源污染研究发展态势分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(6): 1140-1150.

GAO Mao-Fang-1, QIU Jian-Jun-1, LIU San-Chao-2, LIU Hong-Bin-1, WANG Li-Gang-1, PANG Huan-Cheng-1. Status and Trends of Agricultural Diffuse Pollution Research Based on Bibliometrics[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(6): 1140-1150.

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