不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同授粉品种对苹果品质和香气物质成分差异的影响,为高效授粉树的选育和苹果品质的提高提供依据。【方法】采用自育高效授粉树‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’的花粉,在‘富士’（Malus domestica‘Fuji’）、‘新红星’（M. domestica‘Starkrimson’）铃铛花期进行授粉,以授‘嘎拉’（M. domestica‘Gala’）花粉的果实为对照,对果实发育期间总类黄酮含量的变化进行研究,并在果实成熟时测定可溶性固形物、花色苷含量等品质指标及香气物质成分。【结果】不同的授粉品种条件下,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果除可滴定酸外的各项品质指标均高于对照。‘富士’苹果经‘红菱’授粉后,其果形指数、硬度、花色苷、可溶性糖含量显著提高,分别为对照的1.12、1.15、1.28、1.12倍。‘新红星’苹果经‘红雾’授粉后,其单果重、果形指数、花色苷、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量均显著提高,分别为对照的1.22、1.12、2.48、1.10、1.11倍,其可滴定酸含量显著降低,仅为对照的75％。在果实发育的整个生长期内,不同授粉品种处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总类黄酮含量均高于对照,且不同品种间存在显著差异。在花后160 d,‘富士’经‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’花粉授粉后,果实内总类黄酮含量与对照相比分别增长19.63%、28.72%、13.97%,‘新红星’在花后120 d分别增长14.18%、15.26%、4.24%,差异显著。‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’和对照授粉处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总酯类挥发性物质的相对含量分别为50.20%、52.03%、42.68%、45.10%和 71.08%、68.85%、71.83%、66.03%,‘红菱’授粉后‘富士’‘新红星’果实总酯类挥发性物质含量明显增加,其中2-甲基丁酸乙酯的含量分别为对照的1.14和203.91 倍。‘富士’苹果中,‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’授粉处理的果实乙酸-2-甲基丁酯的含量分别为对照的1.73、1.07、1.36倍;其己酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量分别为对照的1.09、1.12、1.29倍和1.50、0.77、1.30倍。而在‘新红星’苹果中,经‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’授粉后,乙酸-2-甲基丁酯和己酸乙酯的含量分别为对照的1.82、1.27、0.93倍和2.57、1.15、0.27倍;乙酸丁酯的含量分别为对照的7.83、3.48、3.30倍。此外,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果经‘红菱’授粉后,其烃类物质含量明显高于对照,主要表现为法呢烯的增多。【结论】高效授粉树能显著提高‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果的外观和内在品质,并且与对照存在显著差异。不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质影响差异较大,经‘红菱’授粉,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质有显著提高。

关键词: 授粉, ‘富士’苹果, ‘新红星’苹果, 营养物质, 香气

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the effect of different pollination cultivars on apple quality and volatile substance, and to provide a basis for the breeding of efficient self-pollination trees and improvement of apple fruit quality.【Method】This study investigated the apple cultivars including ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’, which were pollinated before the blooming period by pollen from efficient pollination trees ‘Hongling’ ‘Hongjin’ ‘Hongwu’, ‘Gala’ pollen was served as a control. The content of flavonoids in fruits was measured at fruit development stage every 20 days. The external and internal quality of fruits at maturity stage were determined, such as fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit hardness, volatile substances and peel anthocyanin content.【Result】Except for titratable acid, the quality indexes of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ apple fruits were higher than those of the control under the conditions of different pollination trees. After the ‘Fuji’ apple was pollinated by ‘Hongling’, its fruit shape index, hardness, anthocyanin and soluble sugar content increased significantly, 1.12, 1.15, 1.28 and 1.12 times as much as that of the control, respectively. After the ‘Starkrimson’ apple was pollinated by ‘Hongwu’, its single fruit weight, fruit shape index, anthocyanin, soluble solids, and soluble sugar content all increased significantly, 1.22, 1.12, 2.48, 1.10 and 1.11 times as much as that of the control, respectively. The titratable acid content was significantly reduced, only 75% of the control. During the whole growth period of fruit development, the content of flavonoids in apples of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ treated by different pollination trees was higher than that of the control, and there were significant differences among different cultivars. At 160 d after flowering, the content of flavonoids in the fruit of ‘Fuji’ pollinated by ‘Hongling’ ‘Hongjin’ and ‘Hongwu’ increased by 19.63%, 28.72%, and 13.97%, respectively. At 120 d after flowering, the content of flavonoids in ‘Starkrimson’ apples increased by 14.18%, 15.26%, and 4.24%, respectively. The difference was significant. The relative contents of total ester volatiles in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ apple fruits pollinated by ‘Hongling’ ‘Hongwu’ ‘Hongjin’ and control pollination were 50.20%, 52.03%, 42.68%, 45.10%, and 71.08%, 68.85%, 71.83%, 66.03%. After pollinated by ‘Hongling’, the content of total ester volatile substances in fruits of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ increased significantly, the content of ethyl 2-methyl-butyrate was 1.14 and 203.91 times as much as that of the control, respectively. In ‘Fuji’ apple, the content of 2-methyl-butyl acetate in pollination fruits of ‘Hongling’ ‘Hongwu’ and ‘Hongjin’ was 1.73, 1.07 and 1.36 times as much as that of the control, respectively. The content of ethyl caproate and butyl acetate was 1.09, 1.12, 1.29 and 1.50, 0.77, 1.30 times as much as that of the control, respectively. In ‘Starkrimson’ apple, the content of 2-methyl-butyl acetate and ethyl caproate was 1.82, 1.27, 0.93 and 2.57, 1.15, 0.27 times as much as that of the control after pollinated by ‘Hongling’ ‘Hongwu’ and ‘Hongjin’, respectively, the content of butyl acetate was 7.83, 3.48 and 3.30 times as much as that of the control. In addition, the content of hydrocarbons of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ apples after pollinated by ‘Hongling’ was higher than that of the control, which mainly showed the increase in farnesene. 【Conclusion】The appearance and intrinsic quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ were improved significantly by high efficient pollination trees. The effect of different pollination combinations on the quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ apples was significantly different. After pollinated by ‘Hongling’, the quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’apple fruits was significantly improved.

Key words: pollination, ‘Fuji’ apple, ‘Starkrimson’ apple, nutrient substance, aroma

张曼曼, 王增辉, 毛云飞, 柴姗姗, 赵晓红, 范义昌, 倪伟, 毛志泉, 陈学森, 沈向. 不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(18): 3551-3560.

ManMan ZHANG, ZengHui WANG, YunFei MAO, ShanShan CHAI, XiaoHong ZHAO, YiChang FAN, Wei NI, ZhiQuan MAO, XueSen CHEN, Xiang SHEN. Effects of Different Pollination Combinations on the Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starkrimson’ Apple[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(18): 3551-3560.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2018/V51/I18/3551

图/表 4

表1

表2

图1

表3

不同授粉组合对苹果主要挥发性气体含量的影响"

化合物名称 Compound name	富士Fuji				新红星Starkrimson
化合物名称 Compound name	红菱Hongling	红雾Hongwu	红锦Hongjin	对照Control	红菱Hongling	红雾Hongwu	红锦Hongjin	对照Control
酯类Ester	1195.23	500.31	627.65	663.23	3948.89	1811.84	1995.26	971
乙酸-2-甲基丁酯2-Methyl-butyl acetate	228.33	141.25	179.26	131.76	392.22	274.47	201.11	215.88
乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate	200.24	75.77	—	—	—	—	436.67	—
异戊酸己酯Hexyl isovalerate	134.52	41.15	61.91	89.26	—	—	—	52.35
己酸丁酯Butyl caproate	125.48	13.56	22.21	45.15	—	—	—	—
己酸己酯Hexyl hexanoate	82.14	14.62	24.71	45.88	108.33	48.16	54.44	17.94
2-甲基丁酸丁酯Butyl 2-methyl-butanoate	75.95	25.48	35.29	51.62	—	70.26	87.22	24.26
丙酸己酯Hexyl propionate	65.24	—	—	31.47	235.56	—	115.00	—
己酸乙酯Ethyl hexanoate	64.76	66.83	76.62	59.41	1122.22	503.95	118.33	437.50
乙酸丁酯Butyl acetate	45.48	23.37	39.26	30.29	109.44	48.68	46.11	13.97
丙酸丁酯Butyl propanoate	33.57	6.54	17.35	21.62	55.56	22.89	26.39	5.29
丁酸丁酯Butyl butyrate	30.48	13.27	22.65	26.32	92.78	87.37	95.83	13.38
2-甲基丁酸异丙酯2-Methylbutyric acid isopropyl ester	22.14	5.19	16.47	15.00	—	—	—	26.03
己酸丙酯Propyl hexanoate	18.10	—	5.88	13.97	212.78	116.32	107.78	19.26
2-甲基丁酸戊酯2-Methyl butyrate	11.67	2.40	4.12	7.65	52.78	24.74	—	—
丁酸乙酯Ethyl butanoate	6.19	7.31	8.82	4.26	—	—	—	9.71
丙酸丙酯Propyl propanoate	4.52	—	3.09	2.79	32.78	20.79	19.72	1.91
异丁酸己酯Hexyl isobutyrate	4.52	—	2.21	3.09	—	—	—	1.76
辛酸丙酯Propyl octanoate	3.57	—	—	2.06	3.33	1.05	1.67	—
乙酸丙酯Propyl acetate	3.33	—	—	2.21	—	16.05	16.67	—
辛酸乙酯Ethyl caprylate	3.33	4.81	8.53	3.24	2.78	—	1.11	—
庚酸乙酯Ethyl Heptanoate	3.10	3.37	3.82	2.94	6.11	—	—	—
2-甲基丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methyl-butyrate	14.29	12.88	31.18	12.50	179.44	—	—	0.88
丁酸丙酯Propyl butanoate	11.90	3.85	13.68	8.82	122.22	85.26	68.33	15.44
异丁酸丁酯Butyl isobutyrate	2.38	1.83	2.35	1.03	2.78	—	0.83	—
乙酸戊酯Pentyl acetate	—	20.48	24.71	17.65	65.56	41.32	35.00	18.97
丁酸己酯Hexyl butanoate	—	13.37	23.53	33.24	—	—	—	—
丁酸戊酯Amyl butyrate	—	2.98	—	—	—	—	—	—
乙酸-2-甲基丙酯2-Methyl-propyl acetate	—	—	—	—	3.33	1.05	0.83	—
异丙基-2-甲基丁酸酯Isopropyl-2-methylbutyrate	—	—	—	—	160.56	113.16	96.94	—
乙酸庚酯Heptyl acetate	—	—	—	—	4.44	—	1.11	—
正己基丁酸丁酯Butyl n-butyl butylate	—	—	—	—	541.11	178.16	225.00	95.59
己基2-甲基丁酸酯Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate	—	—	—	—	442.78	157.37	239.17	0.00
异己酸乙酯Ethyl isohexanoate	—	—	—	—	—	0.79	—	0.88
醇类Alcohols	240.97	183.17	178.98	202.49	83.34	76.58	52.78	80.89
仲辛醇Octanol	238.58	110.10	90.74	122.35	—	—	—	—
己醇Hexanol	126.20	27.88	38.09	35.29	66.67	50.53	40.00	66.18
乙醇Ethanol	66.20	29.52	21.62	33.82	—	—	—	—
2-甲基丁醇2-Methyl-butanol	45.72	15.67	26.47	11.03	16.67	22.89	10.56	14.71
正丁醇1-Butanol	5.24	—	2.06	—	—	3.16	2.22	—
醛类Aldehydes	26.90	65.77	70.59	49.42	43.89	29.21	27.22	56.47
2-己烯醛2-Hexenal	—	39.42	41.18	33.24	35.00	25.00	23.89	43.09
正己醛Hexana	53.80	26.35	29.41	16.18	8.89	4.21	3.33	13.38
烃类Hydrocarbons	537.38	119.24	133.09	298.38	655.55	230.00	315.83	128.54
乙苯Henylethane	10.96	3.37	3.38	1.91	—	—	—	5.74
十六烷Cetane	—	—	—	—	—	4.47	3.33	1.47
十七烷Heptadeeane	—	—	—	—	8.33	—	0.28	0.59
法呢烯α-Farnesene	1063.80	115.87	129.71	296.47	647.22	225.53	312.22	120.74

表3

参考文献 33

[1]	张强, 魏钦平, 刘惠平, 蒋瑞山, 刘旭东, 王小伟. 苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(8): 1654-1661.
	ZHANG Q, WEI Q P, LIU H P, JIANG R S, LIU X D, WANG X W.Multivariate analysis and optimum proposals of the relationship between soil nutrients and fruit qualities in apple orchard. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(8): 1654-1661. (in Chinese)
[2]	WIDMER A, KREBS C.Influence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apple. Acta Horticulturae, 2001, 557: 235-241. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.557.30
[3]	WERTHEIM S J, WAGENMAKERS P S, BOOTSMA J H, GROOT M J.Orchard systems for apple and pear: conditions for success. Acta Horticulturae, 2001, 557: 209-227. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.557.28
[4]	徐义流, 张绍铃. 花粉-雌蕊相互作用的分子基础. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(10): 1800-1809. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2003.10.027
	XU Y L, ZHANG S L.Molecular basis of pollen-pistil interaction. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23(10): 1800-1809. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2003.10.027
[5]	李欣. 观赏海棠新品种选育及数字化描述[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2011.
	LI X.New varieties breeding and digital description of the ornamental crabapple[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[6]	BODOR P, GAÁL M, TÓTH M, . Metaxenia in apples cv. ‘Rewena’, ‘Relinda’, ‘Baujade’ as influenced by scab resistant pollinizers. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 2008, 14(3): 11-14.
[7]	WANG H B, WANG C Z, CHENG L L, CHANG Y S, HE P, LI L G.Effect of metaxenia on volatile compounds in bagged apple fruit of Fuji. Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, 18(4): 583-587, 610.
[8]	王延秀, 陈佰鸿, 王淑华, 胡紫璟, 魏晓燕, 党兆霞. 对‘长富2号’苹果授粉后11个海棠品种花粉直感效应的综合评价. 植物资源与环境学报, 2014, 23(4): 83-89.
	WANG Y X, CHEN B H, WANG S H, HU Z J, WEI X Y, DANG Z X.Comprehensive evaluation on pollen xenia effect of eleven cultivars ofMalus spp. after pollinated to Malus pumila ‘Changfu 2’. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2014, 23(4): 83-89. (in Chinese)
[9]	盖瑞, 郭小静, 张贞, 王荣, 毛志泉, 陈学森, 吴树敬, 沈向. 不同花粉对苹果果实中抗坏血酸相关酶活性的影响. 林业科学, 2014, 50(11): 36-43. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141105
	GE R, GUO X J, ZHANG Z, WANG R, MAO Z Q, CHEN X S, WU S J, SHEN X.Effects of different pollens on ascorbic acid related enzyme activities in apple fruits. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(11): 36-43. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141105
[10]	张玉刚, 戴洪义. 授粉品种对长富2号苹果果实品质及果汁色值的影响. 中国果树, 2012(4): 25-28.
	ZHANG Y G, DAI H Y.Effects of pollination varieties on fruit quality and juice color value of Changfu 2 apple. China Fruits, 2012(4): 25-28. (in Chinese)
[11]	姚改芳, 张绍铃, 曹玉芬, 刘军, 吴俊, 袁江, 张虎平, 肖长城. 不同栽培种梨果实中可溶性糖组分及含量特征. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(20): 4229-4237.
	YAO G F, ZHANG S L, CAO Y F, LIU J, WU J, YUAN J, ZHANG H P, XIAO C C.Characteristics of components and contents of soluble sugars in pear fruits from different species. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(20): 4229-4237. (in Chinese)
[12]	闫亚美, 戴国礼, 冉林武, 罗青, 李晓莺, 秦垦, 巫鹏举, 曾晓雄, 曹有龙. 不同产地野生黑果枸杞资源果实多酚组成分析. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4540-4550. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.020
	YAN Y M, DAI G L, RAN L W, LUO Q, LI X Y, QIN K, WU P J, ZENG X X, CAO Y L.The polyphenols composition ofLycium ruthenicum Murr. from different places. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4540-4550. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.020
[13]	KIM D O, JEONG S W, LEE C Y.Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chemistry, 2003, 81: 321-326. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00423-5
[14]	王安然, 倪蔚茹, 贺锡燕, 徐金, 王金政, 毛志泉, 沈向. 维生素B6施用时间和剂量对富士苹果品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(5): 1348-1355. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.15392
	WANG A R, NI W R, HE X Y, XU J, WANG J Z, MAO Z Q, SHEN X.Effects of vitamin B6 application time and doses on fruit quality of Fuji. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(5): 1348-1355. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.15392
[15]	杨文彩, 吴宪峰, 陈昭存. 不同授粉品种对黄冠梨不同序位花授粉试验. 山西果树, 2004(1): 13-14.
	YANG W C, WU X F, CHEN Z C.Pollination experiments of different pollination cultivars on different ranks of Huang Guan pear. Shanxi Fruits, 2004(1): 13-14. (in Chinese)
[16]	祝服奎, 李先军, 祝自丽, 高秀云, 徐春丹. 红将军苹果授粉品种对比试验. 西北园艺, 2006, 4(1): 49.
	ZHU F K, LI X J, ZHU Z L, GAO X Y, XU C D.Contrastive experiment of red general apple pollination variety. Northwest Horticulture, 2006, 4(1): 49. (in Chinese)
[17]	石磊, 马小军, 赖家业, 莫长明. 果树花粉直感作用的研究进展. 广西科学院学报, 2008, 24(3): 220-224, 230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7378.2008.03.018
	SHI L, MA X J, LAI J Y, MO C M.The research advances of metaxenia effection in fruit tree. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 2008, 24(3): 220-224, 230. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7378.2008.03.018
[18]	于立洋, 左力辉, 张军, 杨敏生. 花粉直感对4个新疆野苹果优系果实品质的影响. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15(9): 3667-3675.
	YU L Y, ZUO L H, ZHANG J, YANG M S.Effect of xenia on fruit quality of 4Malus sieversii clones. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017, 15(9): 3667-3675. (in Chinese)
[19]	徐臣善. 不同授粉品种对苹果果实生长及内源激素含量的影响. 植物生理学报, 2013, 49(3): 277-284.
	XU C S.Effects of different pollination varieties on fruit growth and endogenous hormones content inMalus domestica Borkh. Plant Physiology Journal, 2013, 49(3): 277-284. (in Chinese)
[20]	陈菲菲. 授粉品种对富士苹果种子发育与果实品质形成的影响[D]. 杨陵: 西北农林科技大学, 2015.
	CHEN F F.The effect on development of Fuji apple seed and fruit quality formation with pollination cultivar[D]. Yangling: Northwest A＆F University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[21]	许海峰, 王楠, 姜生辉, 王意程, 刘静轩, 曲常志, 王得云, 左卫芳, 张晶, 冀晓昊, 张宗营, 毛志泉, 陈学森. 新疆红肉苹果杂种一代4个株系类黄酮含量及其合成相关基因表达分析. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(16): 3174-3187. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.16.011
	XU H F, WANG N, JIANG S H, WANG Y C, LIU J X, QU C Z, WANG D Y, ZUO W F, ZHANG J, JI X H, ZHANG Z Y, MAO Z Q, CHEN X S.Content and analysis of biosynthesis-related genes of flavonoid among four strains ofMalus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana F1 population. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(16): 3174-3187. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.16.011
[22]	PEER W A, BANDYOPADHYAY A, BLAKESLEE J J, MAKAM S N, CHEN R J, MASSON P H, MURPHY A S.Variation in expression and protein localization of the PIN family of auxin efflux facilitator proteins in flavonoid mutants with altered auxin transport inArabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 1898-1911.
[23]	SHOJI T, AKZOME Y, KANDA T, IKEDA M.The toxicology and safety of apple polyphenol extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004, 42(6): 959-967. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.008 pmid: 15110105
[24]	MURATA M, TAUSUTANI M, TOMITA M, HOMMA S, KANEKO K.Relationship between apple ripening an browning: changes in polyphenol content and polyphenol oxidase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1995, 43(5): 1115-1121. doi: 10.1021/jf00053a001
[25]	王思新, 刘杰超, 焦中高, 张顺妮, 杨丽. 苹果中多酚物质及其在果实发育过程中的变化. 果树学报, 2003, 20(6): 427-431.
	WANG S X, LIU J C, JIAO Z G, ZHANG S N, YANG L.Changes of polyphenols during fruit development in apples. Journal of Fruit Science, 2003, 20(6): 427-431. (in Chinese)
[26]	VOGT T, JONES P.Glycosyltransferases in plant natural product synthesis: characterization of a supergene family. Trends in Plant Science, 2000, 5(9): 380-386. doi: 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01720-9 pmid: 202020202020202032020202020
[27]	许海峰, 刘静轩, 王意程, 左卫芳, 曲常志, 王得云, 张静, 姜生辉, 王楠, 陈学森. 苹果液泡膜葡萄糖转运蛋白基因MdVGT1的克隆与表达分析. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(23): 4584-4592.
	XU H F, LIU J X, WANG Y C, ZUO W F, QU C Z, WANG D Y, ZHANG J, JIANG S H, WANG N, CHEN X S.Isolation and expression analysis of a vacuolar glucose transporter geneMdVGT1 in apple. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(23): 4584-4592. (in Chinese)
[28]	许海峰, 曲常志, 刘静轩, 王意程, 王得云, 左卫芳, 姜生辉, 王楠, 张宗营, 陈学森. 苹果液泡膜蔗糖转运蛋白基因MdSUT4的表达分析与功能鉴定. 园艺学报, 2017, 44(7): 1235-1243. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0726
	XU H F, QU C Z, LIU J X, WANG Y C, WANG D Y, ZUO W F, JIANG S H, WANG N, ZHANG Z Y, CHEN X S.Expression analysis and functional identification of a vacuolar sucrose transporter geneMdSUT4 in apple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017, 44(7): 1235-1243. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0726
[29]	刘静轩, 曲常志, 许海峰, 苏梦雨, 房鸿成, 王楠, 姜生辉, 王意程, 张宗营, 陈学森. 新疆红肉苹果杂交二代2个功能型株系果实风味品质的评价. 果树学报, 2017, 34(8): 988-995.
	LIU J X, QU C Z, XU H F, SU M Y, FANG H C, WANG N, JIANG S H, WANG Y C, ZHANG Z Y, CHEN X S.Evaluation on fruit flavor quality in two second-generation hybrid apple lines. Journal of Fruit Science, 2017, 34(8): 988-995. (in Chinese)
[30]	乜兰春, 孙建设, 陈华君, 邹祥旺. 苹果不同品种果实香气物质研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(3): 641-646. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2006.03.030
	NIE L C, SUN J S, CHEN H J, ZOU X W.Study on fruit aroma of different apple cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(3): 641-646. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2006.03.030
[31]	李晓磊, 沈向, 王磊, 王庆菊, 孙凡雅, 康鸾. 海棠不同品种果实香气物质分析. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(6): 1742-1748.
	LI X L, SHEN X, WANG L, WANG Q J, SUN F Y, KANG L.Analysis of fruit aroma of different crabapple (Malus sp.) cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(6): 1742-1748. (in Chinese)
[32]	段亮亮, 田兰兰, 雷逢超, 郭玉蓉. 影响苹果香气成分和生物合成因素研究概述. 食品工业科技, 2011, 32(8): 461-465, 469.
	DUAN L L, TIAN L L, LEI F C, GUO Y R.Review on factors affecting aroma components and biosynthesis during maturation of apple. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2011, 32(8): 461-465, 469. (in Chinese)
[33]	金宏. CA、1-MCP对粉红女士苹果贮藏期间香气及其相关酶活性影响的研究[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学, 2009.
	JIN H.Effects of CA and 1-MCP on aroma and related enzyme activities of pink lady apple during storage[D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University, 2009. (in Chinese)

品种 Cultivar	直径 Diameter (cm)	果色 Fruit color	果熟期 Fructescence	主要特征 Main characteristics
红菱Hongling	0.8-1.0	紫红色Purple	8月中旬Mid-August	两端均凹陷,脱萼Both ends are sunken, fruit calyx off
红锦Hongjin	1.0-1.5	橙红色Orange red	8月中旬Mid-August	两端均凹陷,果萼短Both ends are sunken and the fruit calyx is short
红雾Hongwu	1.0-1.5	暗红色Dark red	9月上旬Early September	果点明显,果萼极长,外凸Fruit point is obvious, fruit calyx is very long, convex

处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	硬度 Hardness (kg·cm^-2)	花色苷 Anthocyanin (mg·g^-1)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)
FS-对照FS-Control	212.01±5.55b	0.78±0.01b	7.42±0.33b	0.25±0.03b	12.08±0.22b	10.50±0.25b	0.37±0.03a
FS-红菱FS-Hongling	229.83±2.97a	0.87±0.01a	8.53±0.26a	0.32±0.01a	12.94±0.16a	11.80±0.14a	0.31±0.03ab
FS-红锦FS-Hongjin	223.86±3.64ab	0.87±0.03a	7.80±0.32ab	0.28±0.01ab	12.48±0.27ab	10.87±0.21b	0.30±0.01ab
FS-红雾FS-Hongwu	231.29±3.14a	0.85±0.02a	7.65±0.28ab	0.27±0.02ab	12.71±0.14ab	11.07±0.23b	0.28±0.02b
HX-对照HX-Control	195.92±2.92c	0.83±0.02b	7.04±0.24b	0.25±0.01c	11.67±0.25b	9.80±0.31b	0.44±0.02a
HX-红菱HX-Hongling	226.48±2.78b	0.92±0.04a	7.92±0.38ab	0.43±0.04b	12.58±0.32ab	10.81±0.29a	0.41±0.03a
HX-红锦HX-Hongjin	216.77±4.23b	0.85±0.02ab	8.05±0.21a	0.37±0.02b	12.29±0.37ab	10.71±0.27a	0.37±0.02ab
HX-红雾HX-Hongwu	238.27±2.49a	0.93±0.03a	7.79±0.20ab	0.62±0.02a	12.88±0.19a	10.89±0.10a	0.33±0.02b