不同寄主植物对豆大蓟马体内消化酶活性及营养物质含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (21): 4429-4438.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.012

• 豇豆“两虫一病”绿色防控研究与实践创新 • 上一篇下一篇

不同寄主植物对豆大蓟马体内消化酶活性及营养物质含量的影响

王欢廷¹^,²(), 黄立飞¹(), 曹雪梅¹, 龚芮¹^,³, 苏国连⁴, 郑霞林², 吴明月⁵, 杨朗¹^,²()

¹ 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室，南宁 530007
² 广西大学农学院，南宁 530004
³ ³广西民族大学海洋与生物技术学院，南宁 530006
⁴ 北海市农业技术服务中心，广西北海 536000
⁵ 三亚市热带农业科学研究院，海南三亚 572000

收稿日期:2025-04-29 接受日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-11-01 发布日期:2025-11-06
通信作者:
杨朗，E-mail：yang2001lang@163.com
联系方式: 王欢廷，E-mail：837198466@qq.com。王黄立飞，E-mail：hlfhlf@gxaas.net。王欢廷和黄立飞为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2024YFD1400100); 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204041); 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFAA026464); 广西重点研发计划(桂科农AB2506910020)

Effects of Different Host Plants on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content in Megalurothrips usitatus

WANG HuanTing¹^,²(), HUANG LiFei¹(), CAO XueMei¹, GONG Rui¹^,³, SU GuoLian⁴, ZHENG XiaLin², WU MingYue⁵, YANG Lang¹^,²()

¹ Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007
² College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
³ School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006
⁴ Beihai Agricultural Technology Service Center, Beihai 536000, Guangxi
⁵ Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, Hainan

Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-07-03 Published:2025-11-01 Online:2025-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】豆大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus）可在豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、四季豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）和白豆（Vigna cylindrica）等寄主植物上完成发育和繁殖，其中豇豆是最适宜的寄主；而在冬瓜（Benincasa hispida）上，豆大蓟马的发育和繁殖能力明显受限。【目的】测定豆大蓟马取食不同寄主后体内消化酶活性及营养物质含量，探讨豆大蓟马对不同寄主植物的适应机制。【方法】将豇豆饲养3 d的F₁代豆大蓟马成虫分别接入豇豆豆荚、四季豆豆荚、白豆豆荚和冬瓜果实中，每个处理4次重复，于0、3、6、12、24、48、72 h分别取样，系统测定不同取食时间段下豆大蓟马体内多种关键消化酶活性的动态变化，包括α-淀粉酶、海藻糖酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶等；同时，分析其体内主要营养物质含量的响应规律，包括糖原、可溶性蛋白和脂肪等指标。【结果】豆大蓟马取食不同寄主植物后，其体内消化酶活性和营养物质含量均发生显著变化。豆大蓟马取食豇豆、四季豆和白豆，其各类消化酶活性普遍高于取食冬瓜的个体。具体而言，取食豇豆的蓟马α-淀粉酶活性最高（1.33 mg·min^-1·mg^-1 protein），海藻糖酶也处于较高水平（469.80 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein），胰蛋白酶与糜蛋白酶活性分别为20.42和24.86 U·mg^-1 protein；取食四季豆的蓟马α-淀粉酶活性最高（1.49 mg·min^-1·mg^-1 protein），但海藻糖酶（304.81 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein）及两种蛋白酶活性略低于豇豆组；白豆组海藻糖酶活性显著降低（175.61 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein），而胰蛋白酶活性升高（21.15 U·mg^-1 protein）。相比之下，取食冬瓜的豆大蓟马各项酶活性均处于最低水平，如海藻糖酶活性仅为152.89 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein。在营养物质方面，取食豇豆的豆大蓟马体内糖原含量（1.61 mg·mg^-1 protein）和脂肪含量（5.54 μg/头）最高，而取食冬瓜组的相应值最低（糖原含量0.79 mg·mg^-1 protein，脂肪含量3.37 μg/头）。【结论】不同寄主植物显著影响豆大蓟马的消化酶活性和营养物质含量，豆大蓟马在取食豇豆、四季豆和白豆后能较快调整消化酶活性和营养物质，取食冬瓜后调整较慢，表明豆大蓟马在豇豆、四季豆和白豆上具有更高的适应性，而在冬瓜上的适应性较差。

关键词: 豆大蓟马, 寄主植物, 消化酶, 营养物质

Abstract:

【Background】Megalurothrips usitatus can successfully develop and reproduce on host plants such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and white bean (Vigna cylindrica), with cowpea being the most suitable host. In contrast, its development and reproductive capacity are significantly limited on wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). 【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the digestive enzyme activity and nutrient content in M. usitatus after feeding on different hosts, and to explore the adaptation mechanism of M. usitatus to different host plants. 【Method】F₁ adults of M. usitatus reared on cowpeas for 3 d were transferred to petri dishes containing cowpea, green bean, white bean, or wax gourd, with four replicates per treatment. Sampling was conducted at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after feeding. The dynamic changes in the activities of key digestive enzymes (including α-amylase, trehalase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) were systematically measured. Concurrently, changes in the content of major nutrients, such as glycogen, soluble protein, and fat, were analyzed. 【Result】Significant changes were observed in the activities of digestive enzymes and the content of nutrients in M. usitatus after feeding on different host plants. The activities of various digestive enzymes in M. usitatus fed on cowpea, green bean and white bean were generally higher than those fed on wax gourd. Specifically, the α-amylase activity of M. usitatus fed on cowpea was the highest (1.33 mg·min^-1·mg^-1 protein), along with high trehalase activity (469.80 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein). Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities reached 20.42 and 24.86 U·mg^-1 protein, respectively. M. usitatus fed on green bean had the highest α-amylase activity (1.49 mg·min^-1·mg^-1 protein), but the activities of trehalase (304.81 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein) and two proteases were slightly lower than those of cowpea group. Trehalase activity in white bean group was significantly decreased (175.61 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein), while trypsin activity was increased (21.15 U·mg^-1 protein). In contrast, all enzyme activities of M. usitatus fed on wax gourd were at the lowest level, the trehalase activity was only 152.89 nmol·min^-1·mg^-1 protein. Regarding nutrient content, glycogen content (1.61 mg·mg^-1 protein) and fat content (5.54 μg per individual) were highest in M. usitatus fed on cowpea, while the lowest values were observed in the wax gourd group (glycogen content 0.79 mg·mg^-1 protein; fat content 3.37 μg per individual). 【Conclusion】Different host plants significantly influenced the digestive enzyme activities and nutrient contents of M. usitatus. M. usitatus rapidly adjusted these physiological parameters after feeding on cowpea, green bean, and white bean, but exhibited slower adaptation on wax gourd. These findings indicate that M. usitatus has higher adaptability to cowpea, green bean, and white bean, whereas its adaptability to wax gourd is comparatively poorer.

Key words: Megalurothrips usitatus, host plant, digestive enzyme, nutrient

王欢廷, 黄立飞, 曹雪梅, 龚芮, 苏国连, 郑霞林, 吴明月, 杨朗. 不同寄主植物对豆大蓟马体内消化酶活性及营养物质含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(21): 4429-4438.

WANG HuanTing, HUANG LiFei, CAO XueMei, GONG Rui, SU GuoLian, ZHENG XiaLin, WU MingYue, YANG Lang. Effects of Different Host Plants on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content in Megalurothrips usitatus[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(21): 4429-4438.

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处理时间Treatment time (h)	豇豆V. unguiculata	四季豆P. vulgaris	白豆V. cylindrica	冬瓜B. hispida
0	1.326±0.019Ac	1.326±0.019Ad	1.326±0.019Ab	1.326±0.019Abcd
3	1.528±0.005Aa	1.448±0.002Bc	1.223±0.014Dc	1.277±0.014Ccd
6	1.225±0.006Bd	1.314±0.009Ad	1.310±0.013Ab	1.116±0.009Ce
12	1.181±0.003Ce	1.615±0.028Aa	1.333±0.007Bb	1.221±0.022Cde
24	1.327±0.009Cc	1.432±0.018Bc	1.425±0.003Ba	1.540±0.052Aa
48	1.243±0.012Cd	1.616±0.016Aa	1.313±0.029BCb	1.377±0.066Bbc
72	1.458±0.018ABb	1.541±0.034Ab	1.441±0.011Ba	1.410±0.038Bb

处理时间Treatment time (h)	豇豆V. unguiculata	四季豆P. vulgaris	白豆V. cylindrica	冬瓜B. hispida
0	473.95±1.43Ac	473.95±1.43Aa	473.95±1.43Aa	473.95±1.43Aa
3	421.71±3.40Ae	313.13±2.16Bd	203.43±3.37Cb	144.69±1.36Dd
6	530.03±5.30Ab	222.84±1.85Bf	170.57±2.55Cc	136.44±1.18De
12	417.85±3.04Ae	292.66±2.92Be	134.54±1.56De	157.56±2.44Cc
24	390.21±0.53Af	287.43±2.07Be	193.53±2.33Cb	168.79±2.07Db
48	436.68±1.32Ad	337.66±4.09Bc	157.51±4.80Cd	157.26±1.78Cc
72	622.30±4.99Aa	375.13±2.97Bb	194.09±3.55Cb	152.58±3.83Cc

处理时间Treatment time (h)	豇豆V. unguiculata	四季豆P. vulgaris	白豆V. cylindrica	冬瓜B. hispida
0	15.355±0.595Ae	15.355±0.595Ade	15.355±0.595Ae	15.355±0.595Ad
3	21.398±0.393Ab	19.023±0.297Bb	19.056±0.115Bd	15.708±0.055Cd
6	16.650±0.241Bd	14.699±0.369Ce	22.466±0.116Ab	12.787±0.222De
12	20.395±0.422Bb	17.353±0.213Cc	21.782±0.604Abc	13.421±0.274De
24	17.950±0.376Cc	21.031±0.464Ba	18.414±0.337Cd	24.626±0.237Aa
48	21.357±0.053Ab	20.542±0.321Aa	20.772±0.474Ac	18.839±0.320Bc
72	24.748±0.248Aa	16.457±0.299Ccd	24.387±0.223Aa	20.043±0.217Bb

处理时间Treatment time (h)	豇豆V. unguiculata	四季豆P. vulgaris	白豆V. cylindrica	冬瓜B. hispida
0	21.682±0.214Ad	21.682±0.214Ac	21.682±0.214Aa	21.682±0.214Ab
3	19.948±0.493Be	13.942±0.440Ce	20.256±0.337Bab	24.015±0.638Aa
6	23.907±0.270Ac	21.570±0.260Bc	21.470±0.923Bab	21.935±0.806ABb
12	27.646±0.353Ba	29.391±0.432Aa	11.099±0.658Dd	14.577±0.535Cd
24	24.717±0.469Abc	18.017±0.658Cd	14.145±0.415Dc	21.614±0.212Bb
48	27.606±0.562Aa	21.589±1.110Bc	12.231±0.777Dd	17.535±0.414Cc
72	25.332±0.412Ab	24.334±0.698Ab	19.725±0.338Bb	17.126±0.555Cc

不同寄主植物对豆大蓟马体内消化酶活性及营养物质含量的影响

Effects of Different Host Plants on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content in Megalurothrips usitatus

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