关键词: 普通小麦, 人工合成小麦, 籽粒硬度, Puroindoline基因型, 多态性

Abstract: 【Objective】Synthetic wheat, obtained by crossing Aegilops tauschii with Triticum turgitum, contains genetic variability not found in hexaploid wheat. Now they have been widely used for genetic improvment of common wheat. 【Method】A total of 176 CIMMYT lines derived from synthetic hexaploid wheats × Triticum aestivum crosses were used to measure SKCS hardness and detect puroindoline alleles by Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), specific-primers PCR amplification and modified SDS-PAGE. 【Result】All of the surveyed hard wheats were Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a. Pina-D1j/Pinb-D1i, Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h, Pina-D1a-Pinb-D1i, and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a were present in soft types, and Pina-D1j/Pinb-D1i was the most common one with a percentage of 49.1%. Kernel hardness of Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a type was significantly higher than that of other types. Kernel hardness of Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1i were significantly higher than that of lines with Pina-D1j/Pinb-D1i and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a. In addition, kernel diameter and thousand kernel weight in the genotype with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1i allele was the highest among the five allele types. 【Conclusion】It is concluded that three kinds of puroindoline alleles absent in common wheat are found in surveyed synthetic wheats and it have significant difference in SKCS hardness index between Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h and Pina-D1j/Pinb-D1i. The study would provide useful information for improving common wheat and introducing cultivars from CIMMYT, and facilitating the analysis of puroindoline sequence polymorphism.

Key words: Common wheat, Synthetic wheat, Kernel hardness, Puroindoline alleles, Polymorphism