灌溉水平与营养液浓度对椰糠袋培番茄产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究灌溉水平和营养液浓度对椰糠袋培番茄生长特性、产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，明确椰糠袋培番茄适宜的营养液水肥管理模式，为设施椰糠袋培番茄水肥精准管理提供参考依据。【方法】设置灌溉下限和营养液浓度2个因素，灌溉下限设3个水平，椰糠袋持水量（FC）的60%（W1）、70%（W2）和80%（W3）；营养液浓度设3个水平，霍格兰配方的0.8倍剂量（F1）、1.0倍剂量（F2）和1.2倍剂量（F3）。系统分析不同处理对番茄生长发育、光合特性、养分积累与利用、产量、品质、水分利用效率及肥料偏生产力的影响，结合熵权法、层次分析法（AHP）和TOPSIS法构建综合评价体系，优化灌溉和营养液管理指标。【结果】灌溉水平和营养液浓度均显著影响番茄株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、光合参数及氮磷钾养分积累。提高灌溉水平可显著促进植株生长与光合能力提升；在中高灌溉条件下适当提高营养液浓度有利于养分吸收和生物量积累。两年试验中，W3F3、W3F2和W2F2处理产量均处于较高水平，且处理间差异不显著（P>0.05），其中，W2F2处理在保持较高产量的同时，水分利用效率两年均达到最高，肥料偏生产力和综合品质表现较优。TOPSIS综合评价表明，W2F2处理两年的相对贴近度分别为0.7654和0.8177，排名第一。【结论】本试验条件下，灌溉下限为70%FC并配施1.0倍剂量霍格兰营养液的W2F2处理，能够较好协调番茄产量、品质和资源利用效率，可作为设施椰糠袋培番茄较优的营养液灌施管理模式。

关键词: 番茄, 椰糠袋培, 产量, 品质, 水分利用效率, 肥料偏生产力, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of irrigation levels and nutrient solution concentrations on the growth characteristics, yield, fruit quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of tomato growing in coir bag culture, and to determine an appropriate water and nutrient management mode for coir-grown tomatoes, so as to provide a reference for irrigation scheduling and nutrient solution application in coir bag culture. 【Method】Two factors, namely irrigation lower limit and nutrient solution concentration, were set in the experiment. The irrigation lower limit included three levels: 60% (W1), 70% (W2), and 80% (W3) of the water-holding capacity (FC) of the coir bag. The nutrient solution concentration also included three levels: 0.8-fold (F1), 1.0-fold (F2), and 1.2-fold (F3) of the Hoagland formula. The effects of different treatments on tomato growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient accumulation and utilization, yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency and fertilizer partial factor productivity were systematically analyzed. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation system was established by integrating the entropy weight method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and TOPSIS method to optimize irrigation and nutrient solution management indicators. 【Result】Both irrigation level and nutrient solution concentration significantly affected tomato plant height, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and photosynthetic parameters, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation. Increasing irrigation level significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Under medium and high irrigation conditions, appropriately increasing nutrient solution concentration was beneficial to nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation. In the two-year experiment, W3F3, W3F2 and W2F2 all produced relatively high yields, with no significant differences among them (P>0.05). Among these treatments, W2F2 maintained a relatively high yield, while achieving the highest water use efficiency in both years, together with relatively good partial factor productivity of fertilizer and overall fruit quality. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation showed that the relative closeness coefficients of W2F2 were 0.7654 and 0.8177 in the two years, respectively, ranking first among all treatments. 【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, the W2F2 treatment, with an irrigation lower limit of 70% FC combined with a 1.0-fold Hoagland nutrient solution, could better coordinate tomato yield, fruit quality and resource use efficiency, and thus could be recommended as a relatively suitable fertigation management mode for greenhouse tomato growing in coir bag culture.

Key words: tomato, coir bag culture, yield, quality, water use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer, comprehensive evaluation

强小嫚, 刘胜星, 张现波, 王景雷, 王春婷, 朱恬恬, 王博娟, 刘浩. 灌溉水平与营养液浓度对椰糠袋培番茄产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(21): 4882-4903.

QIANG XiaoMan, LIU ShengXing, ZHANG XianBo, WANG JingLei, WANG ChunTing, ZHU TianTian, WANG BoJuan, LIU Hao. Effects of Irrigation Level and Nutrient Solution Concentration on Yield, Quality, and Water-Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Tomato Growing in Coconut Coir Bag Culture[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(21): 4882-4903.

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处理 Treatment	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
处理 Treatment	2023	2024
W1F1	45.57c	38.19d
W2F1	46.95b	41.10c
W3F1	43.85c	41.15c
W1F2	49.61ab	40.56c
W2F2	51.80a	46.15a
W3F2	47.10b	43.10b
W1F3	44.35c	40.48c
W2F3	49.49ab	43.01b
W3F3	48.34b	42.56b

处理Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)				气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mol·m^-2·s^-1)				蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
	2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024
	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage	开花坐果期Flowering and fruit- setting stage	成熟期Maturity stage
W1F1	19.86c	12.42f	25.20c	13.39e	0.43b	0.46d	0.52de	0.30e	7.18c	9.82f	10.04d	6.87b
W2F1	22.32b	14.17e	26.88ab	19.61bc	0.62a	0.61c	0.64c	0.35cd	9.63ab	10.63e	11.69ab	8.34a
W3F1	22.98b	14.94d	26.98ab	20.11bc	0.64a	0.70b	0.73b	0.34d	9.64ab	10.72e	11.64ab	8.64a
W1F2	19.49cd	14.13e	25.65bc	18.43c	0.44b	0.50d	0.56d	0.37b	7.25c	11.44d	10.84c	8.30a
W2F2	23.04b	19.26b	27.07ab	20.45ab	0.60a	0.65c	0.64c	0.38ab	9.32b	13.44bc	11.57b	8.41a
W3F2	23.22b	20.30a	27.92a	21.28ab	0.61a	0.77a	0.75ab	0.38ab	9.50ab	14.04ab	11.63ab	8.57a
W1F3	18.14d	14.98d	24.66c	16.05d	0.46b	0.49d	0.49e	0.34d	6.76c	10.64e	10.86c	6.58b
W2F3	23.32b	18.60c	27.92a	21.19ab	0.61a	0.64c	0.66c	0.34bc	9.33b	13.04c	11.86ab	8.39a
W3F3	25.26a	20.77a	28.24a	22.24a	0.64a	0.78a	0.77ab	0.39a	9.87a	14.17a	11.92a	9.16a
显著性检验F值 F value
W	167.22**	405.03**	25.49**	72.42**	74.38**	206.09**	217.94**	24.39**	230.21**	99.33**	130.07**	23.56**
F	1.87ns	377.34**	1.41ns	15.18**	0.68ns	8.85**	1.64ns	49.25**	0.80ns	131.97**	13.60**	2.33ns
W×F	11.27**	26.83**	1.52ns	4.62**	0.31ns	0.49ns	4.83**	5.02**	2.14ns	10.15**	6.56**	4.68**

处理Treatment	N (kg·kg^-1)		P₂O₅ (kg·kg^-1)		K₂O (kg·kg^-1)
处理Treatment	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
W1F1	390.47bc	287.61b	2588.55a	1495.34cd	332.85ab	234.13bcd
W2F1	379.01cd	270.50cd	2486.09a	1468.79d	327.74b	243.71ab
W3F1	314.55e	235.95f	1766.70b	1485.73cd	286.46c	218.41e
W1F2	426.72a	324.75a	2563.71a	1773.00a	342.88a	254.06a
W2F2	367.44d	270.33cd	2007.17b	1650.06b	323.51b	242.25ab
W3F2	320.12e	253.42de	1830.89b	1502.72cd	290.02c	239.03bc
W1F3	398.33b	286.62bc	2498.87a	1771.87a	344.71a	233.20bcd
W2F3	385.25c	266.30d	2367.00a	1602.72bc	322.22b	225.45cd
W3F3	313.82e	246.46ef	1461.76c	1484.20cd	299.16c	227.93cde
显著性检验F值 F value
W	379.45^**	78.12^**	62.24^**	19.64^**	98.42^**	7.61^**
F	4.67^*	10.52^**	2.72ns	16.10^**	1.63ns	14.66^**
W×F	11.61^**	4.47^**	4.10^*	4.52^**	1.67ns	4.16^*

年份 Year	因变量 Dependent variable, Z	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	Z最大时处理组合 Water and fertilizer combination at maximum Z
年份 Year	因变量 Dependent variable, Z	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	x (mm)	y (kg·hm^-2)	Zmax
2023	产量Yield (t·hm^-2)	Z=-99.58+1.59928x-0.00040y+0.00092xy-0.00673x²-0.00007y²	0.923	207.58	1296.27	66.28
2024	产量Yield (t·hm^-2)	Z=-368.66+4.16055x-0.14651y+0.00155xy-0.01252x²-0.00008y²	0.928	270.67	1691.14	71.98

年份Year	处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·g^-1)	维生素C Vitamin C (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	有机酸 Organic acid (%)	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio
2023	W1F1	5.38abc	2.89cd	142.34e	2.71a	0.57ab	4.76ab
	W2F1	5.29abc	3.32b	152.65d	2.50b	0.58a	4.30d
	W3F1	4.91d	3.19b	162.06b	2.28d	0.55bc	4.18d
	W1F2	5.41ab	3.81a	158.78c	2.67a	0.55abc	4.83a
	W2F2	5.12bcd	3.84a	166.49a	2.58b	0.54bc	4.75ab
	W3F2	5.10cd	2.67d	134.96f	2.38c	0.53c	4.52c
	W1F3	5.51a	3.05bc	157.89c	2.72a	0.56ab	4.85a
	W2F3	5.37abc	3.26b	134.42f	2.56b	0.56ab	4.58bc
	W3F3	4.52e	3.62a	128.57g	1.96e	0.47d	4.13d
	W	34.33**	9.40**	204.75**	247.04**	28.04**	43.32**
	F	6.20**	9.09**	304.34**	16.51**	12.99**	12.49**
	W×F	6.39**	30.99**	478.88**	24.27**	6.08**	3.52*
2024	W1F1	5.33bcd	3.83b	126.93d	2.80b	0.46c	6.15a
	W2F1	5.20cde	4.30ab	127.34d	2.63c	0.43d	6.06a
	W3F1	5.10de	3.97b	147.13b	2.42d	0.44d	5.55c
	W1F2	5.55b	3.60b	141.84c	3.16a	0.51a	6.17a
	W2F2	5.51b	5.07a	153.36a	3.14a	0.51a	6.13a
	W3F2	5.10de	3.84b	106.32e	2.71bc	0.46bc	5.86b
	W1F3	5.85a	3.51b	152.96a	2.84b	0.52a	5.43c
	W2F3	5.38bc	3.82b	126.59d	2.65c	0.48b	5.55c
	W3F3	5.05e	4.37ab	98.06f	2.15e	0.47bc	4.61d
	W	32.83**	6.42**	286.71**	103.65**	36.89**	74.75**
	F	7.00**	0.84ns	39.52**	90.62**	72.04**	143.76**
	W×F	4.76**	3.37*	322.25**	4.60**	6.79**	7.28**