中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2504-2521.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米种质资源对瘤黑粉病的抗性评价及生理差异分析

李翔宇1(), 刘健茁1, 胡丹丹1, 刘耕瑜1, 陈良宇1, 李冰2,3, 杜万里1, 宋波1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1 沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳 110866
    2 辽宁东亚种业有限公司,沈阳 110164
    3 玉米生物育种全国重点实验室,沈阳 110164
    4 沈阳农业大学附属实验场,沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20 接受日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通信作者:
    宋波,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 李翔宇,E-mail:dzlxy9812@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅基本业务经费项目-团队项目(JYTTD2024004)

Characterization of Maize Germplasm Resistance to Common Smut and Analysis of Physiological Differences

LI XiangYu1(), LIU JianZhuo1, HU DanDan1, LIU GengYu1, CHEN LiangYu1, LI Bing2,3, DU WanLi1, SONG Bo1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
    2 East Asia Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110164,
    3 State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Shenyang 110164
    4 Affiliated Experimental Farm, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
  • Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-03-03 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要:

【目的】 瘤黑粉病是我国玉米生产中的重要病害之一。筛选抗性种质资源,解析其在病原菌侵染下的生理生化响应,以期为抗病育种提供科学依据。【方法】 选取425份玉米种质资源,系统筛选其瘤黑粉病抗性水平,并结合糖代谢、氧化应激及光合参数分析,筛选出高抗、中抗和高感自交系。采用WGA-AF488/PI染色分析菌丝增殖状况,以揭示不同自交系的抗病特性。【结果】 2021年和2022年瘤黑粉病的发病指数和发病率存在显著年际差异,主要受气温和降水影响。主成分分析显示,接种4、8和12 d的病情指数是病害严重程度的关键指标,而灌浆期(R2)和蜡熟期(R4)的发病率揭示了生长阶段的差异。此外,筛选出6份高抗(如Q319)、67份中抗(如599)和171份高感(如M407)自交系。糖代谢分析显示,不同抗病性自交系在蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量上存在显著差异,表明糖代谢在病原菌与寄主竞争中具有重要作用。氧化应激分析表明,感染后H₂O₂和O2-含量显著升高,且高抗自交系的OH-清除能力最强。SOD和POD活性接种4和8 d显著提升,D599的SOD活性第8天提高114.98%,Q319提高96.08%;第12天,D599和Q319的POD活性分别增加164.27%和160.91%,表明抗病材料抗氧化能力较强。WGA染色结果显示,Q319的菌丝扩展受限,主要集中于维管束附近,表明其细胞壁防御能力较强;D599的菌丝扩展速度和范围介于Q319和M407之间,表现为中等防御能力;M407菌丝扩展广泛,形成大面积跨细胞侵染,表明其细胞壁防御较弱。接种后,Q319、D599和M407的净光合速率第4天分别较对照组降低52.5%、52.8%和100.2%,光合色素含量显著下降,但第4至第12天下降幅度逐渐减小。【结论】 揭示了瘤黑粉病菌侵染下,不同抗性玉米自交系在糖代谢、氧化胁迫、抗氧化能力及光合作用方面的显著差异。高抗自交系Q319通过低蔗糖、高果糖和葡萄糖的代谢特点,配合较高的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及高效的抗氧化能力,展现出较强抗病性;高感自交系M407因蔗糖积累较多、抗氧化系统响应不足,导致净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著下降,病害易感性增强;中抗自交系D599在光合功能和色素积累上表现适中,抗病能力介于二者之间。

关键词: 玉米, 种质资源, 瘤黑粉病, 抗病, 糖代谢, 氧化应激

Abstract:

【Objective】 Common smut (Mycosarcoma maydis) is a major fungal disease affecting maize production in China. This study aimed to screen for resistant germplasm resources and analyze their physiological and biochemical responses to pathogen infection, providing scientific support for disease resistance breeding. 【Method】 A total of 425 maize germplasm resources were selected and systematically screened for their resistance to common smut. Sugar metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed to identify high-resistant, moderate-resistant, and susceptible inbred lines. WGA-AF488/PI staining was used to analyze the hyphal proliferation to reveal the disease resistance traits of different inbred lines. 【Result】 The study found significant annual differences in the disease index and incidence of common smut in 2021 and 2022, primarily influenced by temperature and precipitation. Principal component analysis showed that the disease index on day 4, 8, and 12 post-inoculation was a key indicator of disease severity, while the disease incidence at the grain filling stage (R2) and wax ripening stage (R4) revealed differences across growth stages. Additionally, 6 high-resistance inbred lines (e.g., Q319), 67 medium-resistance inbred lines (e.g., D599), and 171 susceptible inbred lines (e.g., M407) were identified. Sugar metabolism analysis showed significant differences in sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents across inbred lines with different disease resistance, indicating the critical role of sugar metabolism in the competition between the pathogen and the host. Oxidative stress analysis revealed significant increases in H₂O₂ and O2- contents post-infection, with the high-resistant inbred line Q319 exhibiting the strongest OH- scavenging capacity. SOD and POD activities were significantly increased on days 4 and 8 post-inoculation, with the SOD activity of D599 increasing by 114.98% on day 8 and the SOD activity of Q319 increasing by 96.08%. On day 12, the POD activity of D599 and Q319 increased by 164.27% and 160.91%, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant defense capabilities in resistant materials. WGA staining showed that hyphal extension was limited in Q319, primarily concentrated near the vascular bundles, suggesting strong cell wall defense. D599 exhibited intermediate hyphal expansion speed and range, representing moderate defense capacity, while M407 displayed extensive hyphal spread with large intercellular infection, indicating weak cell wall defense. Post-inoculation, the net photosynthetic rate of Q319, D599, and M407 decreased by 52.5%, 52.8%, and 100.2%, respectively, compared to the control group, with significant reductions in photosynthetic pigment content; however, the decline decreased from 4 to 12 d. 【Conclusion】 This study reveals significant differences in sugar metabolism, oxidative stress responses, antioxidant capacity, and photosynthesis among different maize inbred lines under Mycosarcoma maydis infection. The high-resistance inbred line Q319 exhibits strong disease resistance through low sucrose, high fructose and glucose metabolism, along with higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content and efficient antioxidant ability. The high-susceptible inbred line M407 shows increased sucrose accumulation and insufficient antioxidant response, resulting in significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, leading to increased disease susceptibility. The medium-resistance inbred line D599 displays intermediate photosynthetic function and pigment accumulation, with disease resistance between Q319 and M407.

Key words: maize, germplasm, common smut, disease resistance, sugar metabolism, oxidative stress