低能量低蛋白饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育肥期北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.015

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 2475-2486.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.015

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇

低能量低蛋白饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育肥期北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响

吴永保¹^,²(), 唐静², 曹俊婷¹, 王岐蒙¹, 谢明², 周正奎², 侯水生², 闻治国¹()

¹ 农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室/中国农业科学院饲料研究所，北京 100081
² 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，北京 100193

收稿日期:2025-01-20 接受日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-06-19 发布日期:2025-06-19
通信作者:
闻治国，E-mail：wenzhiguo@caas.cn
联系方式: 吴永保，E-mail：wuyongbao@caas.cn。
基金资助:
国家科学自然基金(32402790); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301800); 国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-10); 中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-13); 中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202301); 中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202403)

Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet

WU YongBao¹^,²(), TANG Jing², CAO JunTing¹, WANG QiMeng¹, XIE Ming², ZHOU ZhengKui², HOU ShuiSheng², WEN ZhiGuo¹()

¹ Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193

Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-05-12 Published:2025-06-19 Online:2025-06-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于日粮能量/蛋白质比例保持不变，通过适当降低日粮中能量和粗蛋白质水平配制低能量低蛋白饲粮，研究在该饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育肥期北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响，并评估该饲粮中北京鸭蛋氨酸需要量。以期为肉鸭产业中饲喂低能量低蛋白日粮提供数据支撑。【方法】采用单因子完全随机试验设计，选取15日龄体重相近（560.26 ± 3.82 g）的雄性北京鸭240只，随机分成5个组，每组6个重复，每重复8只鸭。试验基础饲粮以育肥期北京鸭代谢能（ME: 12.56 MJ·kg^-1）和粗蛋白质（CP: 17.5%）比例（CP/ME: 13.9 g·MJ^-1）为基准，配制CP/ME保持不变的低能量低蛋白的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（ME: 11.90 MJ·kg^-1; CP: 16.6%）作为试验基础饲粮（蛋氨酸分析值为0.287%），分别在试验基础饲粮中添加5个DL-蛋氨酸水平（0、0.075%、0.15%、0.225%、0.30%），试验周期28 d。【结果】（1）与未添加蛋氨酸组（对照组）相比，随着低能量低蛋白饲粮中蛋氨酸添加水平增加，28、35和42日龄北京鸭的平均体重以及各阶段平均日增重和蛋氨酸摄入量显著性升高（P<0.05）；随着低能量低蛋白饲粮蛋氨酸水平增加，15—28、15—35和15—42日龄北京鸭平均日采食量均呈线性增加变化（P<0.05）。（2）与对照组相比，低能量低蛋白饲粮添加蛋氨酸可提高42日龄北京鸭胸肌率（P<0.05）；趋势分析表明随着饲粮中蛋氨酸水平的增加，腹脂率呈现线性降低（P<0.05），对北京鸭各器官指数无显著性影响（P>0.05）。（3）随着低能量低蛋白饲粮中蛋氨酸水平的增加，42日龄北京鸭血浆中各生化指标均无显著性影响（P>0.05）；趋势分析表明血浆白蛋白含量呈先增加后降低的二次变化（P<0.05）。4）利用直线折线模型，以生长性能为评价指标，低能量低蛋白饲粮中育肥期北京鸭蛋氨酸需要量为0.349%—0.362%；以胸肌率为评价指标，育肥期北京鸭蛋氨酸需要量为0.375%。【结论】在低能量低蛋白饲粮中添加蛋氨酸可显著提高育肥期北京鸭的生长性能，改善其屠宰性能，以生长性能和屠宰性能为评价指标，北京鸭蛋氨酸需要量为0.35%—0.38%。

关键词: 北京鸭, 蛋氨酸, 低能量低蛋白饲粮, 生长性能

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical indices of growing Pekin ducks fed a low-energy and low-protein diet (maintaining a constant energy-to-protein ratio), and to determine the methionine requirement of Pekin ducks under such dietary conditions, so as to provide the data support for feeding low energy and low protein diet in meat duck industry. 【Method】Using one-factor completely random design, a total of 240 Pekin ducks, with similar weight (560.26 ± 3.82 g) at 15 days of age, were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 8 ducks per replicate. The basal diet was formulated based on China’s Feeding Standard of Meat-Type Ducks, the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME: 12.56 MJ·kg^-1) and crude protein (CP: 17.5%) of growing Pekin ducks (CP/ME: 13.9 g·MJ^-1), a low-energy and low-protein corn-soybean meal diet (ME: 11.90 MJ·kg^-1; CP: 16.6%) with a constant CP/ME was formulated as the experimental basal diet (methionine analyzed value of 0.287%). Ducks were fed diets that the basal diet supplemented 5 methionine levels (0, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.225%, and 0.30%), respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. 【Result】(1) Compared with the non-supplemented group (Control group), the average body weight at 28, 35, and 42 days of age, and average daily weight gain and methionine intake at each period of Pekin ducks were significantly increased (P<0.05) as dietary methionine increased in low-energy and low-protein diet. Average daily feed intake during 15 to 28, 15 to 35, and 15 to 42 days of age exhibited linear increases (P<0.05) with dietary methionine supplementation. (2) The methionine supplementation in low-energy and low-protein diets increased the breast muscle percentage (P<0.05), while abdominal fat percentage linearly decreased (P<0.05) in 42-day-old Pekin ducks. No significant differences were observed on organ indices (P>0.05). (3) There was no significant effect on the biochemical indices in plasma of 42-day-old Pekin ducks (P>0.05), though albumin content showed a quadratic response (P<0.05), peaking at intermediate methionine levels in the low-energy, low-protein diet. (4) Based on the linear-broken line model, the methionine requirement of growing Pekin ducks fed low-energy and low-protein diets ranged from 0.349% to 0.362% for optimal growth performance, and 0.375% for optimal breast meat rate, respectively. 【Conclusion】Taken together, the dietary methionine supplementation could increase the growth performance and improve carcass traits of growing Pekin duck in low-energy and low-protein diets, and the methionine requirement of Pekin ducks in this diet ranged 0.35% to 0.38% for optimal growth performance and carcass traits.

Key words: Pekin duck, methionine, low-energy and low-protein diet, growth performance

吴永保, 唐静, 曹俊婷, 王岐蒙, 谢明, 周正奎, 侯水生, 闻治国. 低能量低蛋白饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育肥期北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(12): 2475-2486.

WU YongBao, TANG Jing, CAO JunTing, WANG QiMeng, XIE Ming, ZHOU ZhengKui, HOU ShuiSheng, WEN ZhiGuo. Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2475-2486.

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原料 Ingredient	比例 Ratio (%)	营养水平Nutrient level²	含量 Content
玉米 Corn	68.42	代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg)	11.90
豆粕 Soybean meal	24.70	粗蛋白质 CP	16.60
小麦麸 Wheat bran	2.15	赖氨酸 Lys	0.92
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.75	蛋氨酸 Met	0.287
石粉 Limestone	1.25	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys	0.57
食盐 NaCl	0.30	色氨酸 Trp	0.18
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl	0.10	精氨酸 Arg	1.07
DL-蛋氨酸+稻壳粉 DL-Met+ Rice hull powder	0.30	苏氨酸Thr	0.66
L-色氨酸 L-Trp	0.03	缬氨酸 Val	0.75
预混料 Premix¹	1.00	钙 Ca	0.90
合计 Total	100.00	总磷 TP	0.66
		有效磷 AP	0.38

蛋氨酸水平 Dietary Met levels	屠宰率 Dressing percentage	全净膛率 Eviscerated carcass	胸肌率 Breast meat rate	腿肌率 Leg meat rate	腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate	皮脂率 Subcutaneous fat rate
0.287	86.6±1.1	59.6±1.9	14.0±1.7b	13.1±1.0	1.00±0.26	22.4±1.8
0.362	86.9±1.5	61.6±1.3	16.0±1.6a	13.2±1.2	0.97±0.34	21.1±2.0
0.437	87.2±1.2	60.8±2.4	16.0±1.5a	12.2±1.3	0.82±0.23	21.7±2.4
0.512	87.0±0.8	60.9±3.2	16.3±1.8a	12.3±1.6	0.85±0.24	21.5±2.8
0.587	86.6±1.2	61.0±2.3	16.7±1.6a	12.8±1.0	0.71±0.27	20.4±2.6
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met	0.6687	0.3354	0.0025	0.1688	0.0794	0.3630
线性效应 Linear effect	0.8637	0.3405	0.0004	0.1953	0.0069	0.1050
二次曲线效应 Quadratic effect	0.1393	0.2613	0.1080	0.1864	0.9359	0.8621

蛋氨酸水平 Dietary Met level	肝脏 Liver	心脏 Heart	肌胃 Muscular stomach	脾脏 Spleen	胰腺 Pancreas
0.287	2.15±0.22	0.55±0.08	2.34±0.22	0.06±0.02	0.24±0.05
0.362	2.25±0.29	0.54±0.08	2.12±0.24	0.06±0.02	0.25±0.04
0.437	2.10±0.19	0.53±0.08	2.13±0.19	0.07±0.03	0.26±0.07
0.512	2.14±0.16	0.49±0.04	2.16±0.18	0.06±0.02	0.26±0.06
0.587	2.30±0.27	0.52±0.08	2.17±0.43	0.07±0.01	0.24±0.05
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met	0.1924	0.3429	0.2291	0.5972	0.7991
线性效应 Linear	0.3563	0.1093	0.0269	0.4999	0.7647
二次曲线效应 Quadratic	0.2030	0.4462	0.6403	0.5875	0.2655

蛋氨酸水平 Dietary Met level(%)	谷丙转氨酶 ALT(U/L)	谷草转氨酶 AST(U/L)	碱性磷酸酶 ALP(U/L)	乳酸脱氢酶 LDH(U/L)	总蛋白 TP(g·L^-1)	白蛋白 ALB (g·L^-1)
0.287	32.50±3.55	12.75±3.52	553.46±184.65	436.50±106.29	29.84±5.39	13.35±2.07
0.362	29.00±8.59	12.58±3.34	568.34±187.51	438.83±116.49	29.63±7.54	13.70±2.84
0.437	32.64±6.34	13.00±3.63	678.43±140.84	428.09±124.40	30.91±3.44	14.86±1.23
0.512	33.17±6.01	13.58±3.32	637.55±227.78	464.00±86.43	31.68±4.28	15.03±1.73
0.587	26.67±5.61	12.50±3.03	536.73±220.39	455.25±104.52	29.18±9.25	13.13±3.19
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met	0.0560	0.9372	0.3665	0.9288	0.8729	0.1732
线性效应 Linear	0.1930	0.8715	0.8420	0.5279	0.9016	0.6810
二次曲线效应 Quadratic	0.1874	0.6530	0.0795	0.8367	0.4696	0.0359

蛋氨酸水平 Dietary Met level (%)	总胆固醇 TCHO (mmol·L^-1)	甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)	高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDLC (mmol·L^-1)	低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDLC (mmol·L^-1)
0.287	4.22±0.57	0.89±0.20	2.17±0.28	1.13±0.32
0.362	3.93±0.80	0.89±0.24	2.07±0.49	1.02±0.18
0.437	4.01±0.59	0.78±0.16	2.13±0.31	1.03±0.21
0.512	4.28±0.59	0.92±0.25	2.27±0.28	1.11±0.30
0.587	3.62±0.78	0.81±0.32	1.94±0.52	0.87±0.18
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met	0.1546	0.5919	0.3429	0.1040
线性效应 Linear	0.1960	0.6315	0.4885	0.0634
二次曲线效应 Quadratic	0.4851	0.8982	0.3836	0.5385

低能量低蛋白饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对育肥期北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标的影响

Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet

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评价指标 Estimation criteria	饲养阶段/日龄 Feeding phase/Days	拟合方程 Regression	蛋氨酸需要量 Met requirement (%)	相关系数 R²	P值 P value
平均体重 BW	28	y=1787.8-1154.8×(0.349-x)	0.349	0.679	0.0011
	35	y =2370.4-1330.7×(0.362-x)	0.362	0.705	0.0090
	42	y =2929.7-1406.4×(0.352-x)	0.352	0.735	0.0036
平均日增重 ADG	15—28	y =87.7-87.0×(0.345-x)	0.345	0.673	0.0010
	15—35	y =86.2-63.9×(0.361-x)	0.361	0.698	0.0017
	15—42	y =91.1-54.6×(0.351-x)	0.351	0.729	0.0032
胸肌率 Breast meat rate	42	y =16.3-25.8×(0.375-x)	0.375	0.758	0.0004

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