不同播期下黑米籽粒花色苷的积累特性及其与气象因子的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同播期下黑米籽粒花色苷积累的动态过程及其与气象因子的关系，为高花色苷黑米水稻品种的选育与调整播期优化适合黑米水稻生长的气象条件来提高籽粒花色苷含量提供借鉴。【方法】2022—2023年采用籽粒花色苷含量具有显著差异的3个黑米品种（黑糯、丽人紫和岩紫糯35）为材料，各设置5个播期（B1—B5）处理，花后每5 d取样测定籽粒花色苷含量，基于Logistic方程对各播期黑米的籽粒花色苷积累特性进行分析，并通过通径分析、回归分析，探讨花色苷积累特性对气象因子的响应机制。【结果】播期使黑米水稻灌浆期内遭遇的气象因子发生改变，通过缩短播始期使黑米水稻全生育期缩短；黑米籽粒花色苷含量大小首先决定于基因型，其积累特征参数（Wa、MRa、MeRa、T_MRa、W_MRa、Da）受播期效应影响最为显著，随播期推后呈先减小后增大的趋势，迟播比早播更利于籽粒花色苷的积累；籽粒花色苷呈“慢-快-慢”积累过程，花后9.79—15.35 d达到峰值，受年型、播期和品种间调控；通径分析结果表明，Wa主要由MeRa和Da决定，以MeRa对Wa的贡献最大；籽粒花色苷积累特征参数与灌浆期内光温气象因子呈极显著负相关，气温变化对籽粒花色苷积累的影响大，随T_amax、D_heat和S_avg增加，籽粒花色苷Da缩短，MeRa减小，Wa降低，灌浆期内平均气温25.0—27.4 ℃适宜籽粒花色苷积累。【结论】播期对黑米水稻籽粒花色苷积累的影响反映的是气象因子的综合效应，气温是影响籽粒花色苷积累的主要气象因子，其通过影响籽粒花色苷积累速率高低和积累持续时间的长短影响籽粒花色苷积累的高低。应根据种植制度选择花色苷含量高的黑米品种，在6月下旬至7月上旬适时播种可优化适配灌浆期内的气象要素，进而提高籽粒花色苷含量。

关键词: 黑米, 生育期, 花色苷积累, 播期, 气象因子

Abstract:

【Objective】The dynamic process of anthocyanin accumulation in black rice grains under different sowing dates and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied to provide reference for the breeding of high anthocyanin black rice varieties and adjusting sowing dates to optimize favorable meteorological conditions for black rice growth, thereby enhancing anthocyanin content in grains.【Method】Three black rice varieties (Heinuo, Lirenzi and Yanziuo 35) with significant difference in anthocyanin content in grains were selected as materials, and 5 sowing dates (B1-B5) were set for each from 2022 to 2023. Samples were taken every 5 days after flowering to determine anthocyanin content in grains. The anthocyanin accumulation characteristics of black rice in grains at each sowing date were analyzed based on Logistic equation. The response mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation characteristics to meteorological factors was discussed by path analysis and regression analysis. 【Result】The sowing date changed the meteorological factors during the grain filling period of black rice, and shortened overall growth period of black rice by shortening the initial heading date. The genotype was found to be the primary determinant of anthocyanin content in black rice grains, and its accumulation characteristics (Wa, MRa, MeRa, T_MRa, W_MRa, Da) were most significantly influenced by variations in sowing dates. There is an observed trend of decreasing followed by increasing anthocyanin accumulation with delayed sowing dates. Latesowing is more conducive to the accumulation of anthocyanins in grains than early sowing. The process of anthocyanin accumulation in grains exhibited a “slow-fast-slow” pattern with peak values reached 9.79-15.35 days after flowering; this process was regulated by year type, sowing date and intervariety factors. Path analysis results indicated that Wa is mainly determined by MeRa and Da, with MeRa contributing the most to Wa. Furthermore, characteristic parameters of anthocyanin accumulation in grains showed significant negative correlations with light and temperature climatic factors during the effective filling period. Notably, air temperature had a significant influence on anthocyanin accumulation: as T_amax, D_heat and S_avg increased, Da decreased along with MeRa and Wa; an average temperature range of 25.0-27.4 ℃during the filling period was found to be optimal for anthocyanin accumulation in grains.【Conclusion】The effect of sowing date on anthocyanin accumulation in black rice grains reflects the comprehensive effect of meteorological factors, with temperature being the primary factor influencing anthocyanin accumulation. This, in turn, affects both the rate and duration of anthocyanin accumulation. Based on this, it is advisable to select black rice varieties with high anthocyanin content according to the planting system.Timely seeding from late June to early July can optimize the adaptation of meteorological elements during the grouting period, leading to an increase in grain anthocyanin content.

Key words: black rice, growth duration, anthocyanin accumulation, sowing date, meteorological factor

肖长春, 韦新宇, 曾跃辉, 黄建鸿, 许旭明. 不同播期下黑米籽粒花色苷的积累特性及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(5): 890-906.

XIAO ChangChun, WEI XinYu, ZENG YueHui, HUANG JianHong, XU XuMing. Accumulation Characteristics of Anthocyanins in Black Rice Under Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 890-906.

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图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

不同播期处理下黑米水稻籽粒花色苷积累拟合Logistic方程及特征参数"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	<BOLD>播期处理</BOLD> <BOLD>S</BOLD>owing date treatment	Logistic方程 Logistic equation W=K/(1+EXP(A-Bt)	R²	Wa (u/1000 grain)	积累速率 Accumulation rate (u/(1000 grain·d))		MRa		Da (d)
						积累速率 Accumulation rate (u/(1000 grain·d))		T_MRa (d)	W_MRa (u/1000 grain)
						MRa	MeRa	T_MRa (d)	W_MRa (u/1000 grain)
2022	黑糯 Heinuo	B1	W=10.900/(1+EXP(9.274-0.987t))	0.999**	10.81b	2.69b	0.80b	9.39b	5.45b	13.33b
		B2	W=3.550/(1+EXP(7.613-1.119t))	0.999**	3.41d	0.99d	0.34d	6.80d	1.78d	10.28d
		B3	W=3.104/(1+EXP(7.193-1.130t))	0.999**	3.04e	0.88e	0.31d	6.36e	1.55e	9.80e
		B4	W=4.352/(1+EXP(8.287-1.136t))	0.999**	4.17c	1.24c	0.40c	7.30c	2.18c	10.72c
		B5	W=13.444/(1+EXP(8.707-0.907t))	0.997**	13.13a	3.05a	0.95a	9.59a	6.72a	13.88a
		平均Average			6.91	1.77	0.56	7.89	3.54	11.60
	丽人紫 Lirenzi	B1	W=7.116/(1+EXP(8.412-0.914t))	0.997**	7.09b	1.63b	0.52b	9.20b	3.56b	13.46b
		B2	W=2.760/(1+EXP(7.413-1.014t))	0.998**	2.71d	0.70d	0.24d	7.31d	1.38d	11.15d
		B3	W=2.370/(1+EXP(7.758-1.079t))	0.996**	2.31e	0.64d	0.22d	7.19e	1.19d	10.79e
		B4	W=3.688/(1+EXP(7.693-0.998t))	0.998**	3.64c	0.92c	0.31c	7.70c	1.84c	11.60c
		B5	W=8.525/(1+EXP(8.590-0.842t))	0.997**	8.49a	1.80a	0.56a	10.20a	4.26a	14.82a
		平均值Average			4.85	1.14	0.37	8.32	2.45	12.36
	岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	B1	W=12.240/(1+EXP(6.975-0.756t))	0.996**	12.06b	2.32b	0.84b	9.22b	6.12b	14.37b
		B2	W=5.079/(1+EXP(7.738-0.933t))	0.998**	5.01d	1.19d	0.40d	8.29d	2.54d	12.46d
		B3	W=4.325/(1+EXP(6.911-0.878t))	0.999**	4.24e	0.95e	0.35e	7.86e	2.16e	12.29d
		B4	W=7.945/(1+EXP(7.530-0.834t))	1.000**	7.71c	1.66c	0.57c	9.02c	3.97c	13.68c
		B5	W=15.447/(1+EXP(7.407-0.736t))	1.000**	15.23a	2.84a	0.99a	10.06a	7.72a	15.35a
		平均Average			8.85	1.79	0.63	8.89	4.50	13.63
2023	黑糯 Heinuo	B1	W=9.285/(1+EXP(9.480-1.017t))	0.979**	9.10b	2.36b	0.69b	9.32b	4.64b	13.15b
		B2	W=3.080/(1+EXP(7.436-1.157t))	0.992**	3.02e	0.89e	0.31d	6.43e	1.54d	9.79e
		B3	W=3.284/(1+EXP(8.643-1.210t))	0.987**	3.22d	0.99d	0.31d	7.15d	1.64d	10.36d
		B4	W=4.910/(1+EXP(9.728-1.187t))	0.987**	4.81c	1.46c	0.42c	8.20c	2.46c	11.47c
		B5	W=11.365/(1+EXP9.042-0.911t))	0.990**	11.14a	2.59a	0.78a	9.53a	5.68a	13.72a
		平均Average			6.26	1.66	0.50	8.12	3.19	11.70
	丽人紫 Lirenzi	B1	W=6.225/(1+EXP(8.891-0.983t))	0.994**	6.10b	1.53a	0.47a	9.05b	3.11b	13.01b
		B2	W=2.426/(1+EXP(8.002-1.116t))	0.998**	2.38e	0.68d	0.22d	7.17e	1.21e	10.66e
		B3	W=2.685/(1+EXP(8.273-1.097t))	0.991**	2.63d	0.74d	0.24d	7.54d	1.34d	11.09d
		B4	W=4.005/(1+EXP(9.085-1.039t))	0.994**	3.93c	1.04c	0.31c	8.75c	2.00c	12.50c
		B5	W=7.370/(1+EXP(8.943-0.855t))	0.999**	7.22a	1.58a	0.48a	10.06a	3.69a	14.61a
		平均Average			4.45	1.11	0.34	8.51	2.27	12.37
	岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	B1	W=10.657/(1+EXP(7.225-0.816t))	0.997**	10.44b	2.17b	0.77a	9.42b	5.33b	13.82b
		B2	W=3.987/(1+EXP(7.985-0.994t))	0.993**	3.91e	0.99d	0.33d	8.03e	1.99e	11.94d
		B3	W=4.669/(1+EXP(7.541-0.914t))	0.998**	4.59d	1.07d	0.36d	8.47d	2.57d	12.73c
		B4	W=8.750/(1+EXP(8.315-0.883t))	0.999**	8.58c	1.93c	0.62c	8.86c	4.38c	13.63b
		B5	W=12.569/(1+EXP(8.113-0.807t))	0.998**	12.32a	2.44a	0.79a	10.27a	6.29a	15.28a
		平均Average			7.97	1.72	0.57	9.01	4.11	13.48
因素Factor					均方Mean squares
年份Year (A)					8.79**	0.11**	0.05**	1.94**	2.08**	0.09**
播期sowing date (B)					225.99**	8.59**	0.82**	26.48**	58.29**	45.80**
品种Variety (C)					106.93**	3.74**	0.47**	6.68**	28.48**	27.24**
A×B					5.16**	0.23**	0.02**	0.64**	1.43**	1.16**
A×C					0.52**	0.01**	0.01**	0.09**	0.10**	0.15**
B×C					7.38**	0.33**	0.03**	1.14**	1.86**	1.03**
A×B×C					0.28**	0.01**	0.01**	0.17**	0.09**	0.06**

表3

图3

表4

不同播期处理下黑米籽粒花色苷积累各时期特征参数"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	<BOLD>播期处理</BOLD> <BOLD>S</BOLD>owing date treatment	积累速率 Accumulation rate (u/(1000 grain·d))			持续时间 Time of duration (d)			积累量 Accumulation (u/1000 grain)
年份 Year	品种 Variety		Ra1	Ra2	Ra3	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Wa1	Wa2	Wa3
2022	黑糯 Heinuo	B1	0.29b	2.36b	0.80b	8.06b	2.67b	2.61b	2.30b	6.29b	2.09b
		B2	0.13d	0.87d	0.30d	5.63d	2.35c	2.30c	0.75d	2.05d	0.68d
		B3	0.13d	0.77e	0.26e	5.20e	2.33cd	2.28cd	0.66e	1.79e	0.59e
		B4	0.15c	1.08c	0.37c	6.14c	2.32d	2.27d	0.92c	2.51c	0.83c
		B5	0.35a	2.68a	0.91a	8.14a	2.90 a	2.84a	2.84a	7.76a	2.57a
		平均Average	0.21	1.55	0.53	6.63	2.51	2.46	1.49	4.08	1.35
	丽人紫 Lirenzi	B1	0.19b	1.43b	0.48b	7.76b	2.88b	2.82b	1.50b	4.11b	1.36b
		B2	0.10cd	0.61d	0.21d	6.01d	2.60c	2.54c	0.58d	1.59d	0.53d
		B3	0.08d	0.56e	0.19e	5.97d	2.44d	2.39d	0.50e	1.37e	0.45e
		B4	0.12c	0.81c	0.27c	6.38c	2.64c	2.58c	0.78c	2.13c	0.71c
		B5	0.21a	1.57a	0.53a	8.63a	3.13a	3.06a	1.80a	4.92a	1.63a
		平均Average	0.14	1.00	0.34	6.95	2.74	2.67	1.03	2.82	0.94
	岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	B1	0.35b	2.03b	0.69b	7.48b	3.48b	3.40b	2.59b	7.07b	2.34b
		B2	0.16d	1.04d	0.35d	6.88d	2.82e	2.76e	1.07d	2.93d	0.97d
		B3	0.14e	0.83e	0.28e	6.37e	3.00d	2.93d	0.91e	2.50e	0.83e
		B4	0.23c	1.45c	0.49c	7.44c	3.16c	3.09c	1.68c	4.59c	1.52c
		B5	0.40a	2.49a	0.85a	8.28a	3.58a	3.50a	3.27a	8.92a	2.96a
		平均Average	0.25	1.57	0.53	7.29	3.21	3.14	1.90	5.20	1.72
2023	黑糯 Heinuo	B1	0.24b	2.07b	0.70b	8.03b	2.59b	2.53b	1.96b	5.36b	1.78b
		B2	0.12d	0.78e	0.27e	5.29e	2.28c	2.23c	0.65e	1.78e	0.59e
		B3	0.12d	0.87d	0.30d	6.06d	2.18e	2.13e	0.69d	1.90d	0.63d
		B4	0.15c	1.28c	0.43c	7.09c	2.22d	2.17d	1.04c	2.84c	0.94c
		B5	0.28a	2.27a	0.77a	8.48a	2.89a	2.83a	2.40a	6.56a	2.17a
		平均Average	0.18	1.45	0.49	6.99	2.43	2.38	1.35	3.69	1.22
	丽人紫 Lirenzi	B1	0.17b	1.34b	0.45b	7.71b	2.68b	2.62b	1.32b	3.59b	1.19b
		B2	0.09d	0.59e	0.20d	5.99e	2.36e	2.31e	0.51e	1.40e	0.46e
		B3	0.09d	0.65d	0.22d	6.34d	2.40d	2.35d	0.57d	1.55d	0.51d
		B4	0.11c	0.91c	0.31c	7.48c	2.54c	2.48c	0.85c	2.31c	0.77c
		B5	0.18a	1.38a	0.47a	8.92a	3.08a	3.01a	1.56a	4.26a	1.41a
		平均Average	0.13	0.97	0.33	7.29	2.61	2.55	0.96	2.62	0.87
	岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	B1	0.31b	1.91b	0.65b	7.24b	3.23b	3.16b	2.25b	6.15b	2.04b
		B2	0.13e	0.87e	0.30d	6.71e	2.65e	2.59e	0.84e	2.30e	0.76d
		B3	0.16d	0.93d	0.27e	7.03d	2.88d	2.82d	1.15d	2.68d	0.76d
		B4	0.23c	1.69c	0.57c	7.92c	2.98c	2.92c	1.85c	5.05c	1.67c
		B5	0.30a	2.14a	0.73a	8.88a	3.39a	3.32a	2.66a	7.26a	2.41a
		平均Average	0.23	1.51	0.50	7.56	3.03	2.96	1.75	4.69	1.53

表4

表5

图4

表6

图5

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品种 Variety	类型 Type	栽培晚稻全生育期 Growth period (d)	籽粒花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content (u/1000 grain)	选育单位 Breeding units
黑糯 Heinuo	常规稻 Conventional rice	114	13.13Bb	三明市农业科学研究院 Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences
丽人紫 Lirenzi	常规稻 Conventional rice	118	8.49Cc	湖南省水稻研究所 Hunan Rice Research Institute
岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	常规稻 Conventional rice	115	15.23Aa	龙岩市农业科学研究所 Longyan Institute of Agricultural Science

品种 Variety	年份 Year	播期处理<BOLD>S</BOLD>owing dates treatment
品种 Variety	年份 Year	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5
黑糯 Heinuo	2022	06-09—07-13 (34)	07-01—08-01 (31)	07-18—08-17 (30)	08-13—09-13 (31)	09-17—10-23 (36)
黑糯 Heinuo	2023	06-06—07-08 (32)	06-28—07-28 (30)	07-14—08-13 (31)	08-07—09-09 (33)	09-14—10-20 (35)
丽人紫 Lirenzi	2022	06-12—07-16 (34)	07-03—08-04 (32)	07-20—08-20 (31)	08-15—09-16 (32)	09-21—10-27 (36)
丽人紫 Lirenzi	2023	06-09—07-11 (32)	06-30—07-31 (31)	07-15—08-16 (32)	08-09—09-11 (33)	09-15—10-20 (35)
岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	2022	06-06—07-13 (37)	06-28—07-31 (34)	07-15—08-17 (33)	08-10—09/13 (34)	09-16—10-24 (38)
岩紫糯35 Yanzinuo35	2023	06-04—07-08 (34)	06-25—07-27 (32)	07-10—08-12 (33)	08-04—09-08 (35)	09-11—10-18 (37)

参数 Parameter	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
参数 Parameter	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	→MRa	→MeRa	→T_MRa	→Da
MRa	0.97**	-0.07		0.90	-0.04	0.18
MeRa	0.99**	0.91	-0.07		-0.04	0.18
T_MRa	0.81**	-0.05	-0.05	0.69		0.23
Da	0.85**	0.24	-0.05	0.71	-0.05

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	T_amax	T_amin	T_avg	F	U_avg	S_avg	D_heat	D_cold
T_amin	0.81**
T_avg	0.97**	0.92**
F	-0.14	0.40	0.08
U_avg	0.81**	0.65**	0.82**	-0.07
S_avg	0.76**	0.59**	0.72**	-0.23	0.75**
D_heat	0.94**	0.62**	0.86**	-0.33	0.85**	0.83**
D_cold	-0.37	-0.45	-0.39	-0.14	-0.24	-0.19	-0.18
MRa	-0.78**	-0.71**	-0.77**	0.03	-0.59**	-0.63**	-0.69**	0.31
MeRa	-0.75**	-0.70**	-0.74**	—	-0.54**	-0.60**	-0.64**	0.29
T_MRa	-0.86**	-0.73**	-0.85**	0.04	-0.73**	-0.67**	-0.78**	0.34
Da	-0.82**	-0.74**	-0.81**	-0.02	-0.63**	-0.60**	-0.71**	0.36
Wa	-0.78**	-0.75**	-0.77**	-0.02	-0.58**	-0.61**	-0.67**	0.35