关键词: 陌夜蛾, 性信息素类似物, 化学合成, 生物活性, 田间应用

Abstract:

【Background】 Trachea atriplicis is an important leaf-eating pest, which has caused great harm to agriculture and forestry in North China, East China, and other regions in recent years due to its increasing numbers and the level of hazards, especially posing a serious threat to the yield of crops such as buckwheat.【Objective】Based on the maternal structure (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), which is the main component of the sex pheromone of T. atriplicis, six sex pheromone analogues with different bioactivities were synthesized. The aim was to open up a novel environment-friendly control strategy for the comprehensive treatment of T. atriplicis.【Method】 As the raw material, the sex pheromone precursor (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-ol (Z11-16:OH) was used to react with an acid anhydride or acyl chloride under the action of an acid binding agent and catalyst. After being separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, a total of six synthetic pheromone analogues were obtained, including M3 and M4, the sex pheromone analogues with carbamate polar groups, M5 and M6, the sex pheromone analogues with the unsaturated bond at the end of the polar group, and sex pheromone analogues M7 and M8 with halogen atom modification. The electrophysiological response values under direct stimulation of different doses with sex pheromone analogues were measured by the EAG test, and the biological activities of sex pheromone analogues were verified in field experiments conducted in Yanqing, Beijing in 2021.【Result】 The EAG test showed that analogues M1, M2, M6, M7, and M8 had significant dose-dependent relationships. In particular, T. atriplicis showed the strongest response to analogue M7, with a response value of 2.36 mV at the dose of 100 μg, which was 77.9% of that of the response value of Z11-16:Ac at the same dose. While there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the relative response values of M3-M5 and sex pheromone components Z11-16:Ac at the doses of 10-1 000 μg. The M5 displayed lowest EAG response and the highest relative response value was only 21.2% of the sex pheromone fraction. As shown in the field trials, the average capture amount of analogues M1 and M5 was 38.00 and 35.67 moths/trap/15 d at an addition of 1 μg, respectively, which was significantly different compared with the sex pheromone control. The analogue M7 trapped 29.67 moths/trap/15 d at an addition of 100 μg, which was also significantly higher than that of the sex pheromone control. The analogue M4 showed potential inhibitory activity against sex pheromone, and the average capture amount decreased gradually with the increase of its addition, the average capture amount was only 3.33 moths/trap/15 d at the dose of 1 000 μg.【Conclusion】 The EAG tests and field trials verified that the analogues M1, M5, and M7 showed significant synergistic activity and could be developed as synergists of sex pheromones. The analogue M4 showed significant inhibitory activity, which could be used as an inhibitor of sex pheromones. This study provides a necessary theoretical basis for the use of sex pheromone analogues to control T. atriplicis in a green way.

Key words: Trachea atriplicis, sex pheromone analogue, chemical synthesis, bioactivity, field application