四种杀虫剂LC25对Q型烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】利用刺吸电位技术（electronic penetration graph,EPG）研究Q型烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）成虫对吡虫啉、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和溴氰虫酰胺4种杀虫剂LC₂₅处理24 h番茄苗的取食行为,探明内吸性杀虫剂亚致死剂量对烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响。【方法】以无农药暴露史的Q型烟粉虱成虫为供试昆虫,番茄品种‘粉印三号’为供试植株。通过水培生测法确定4种内吸性杀虫剂的亚致死浓度LC₂₅。在此基础上利用EPG监测Q型烟粉虱成虫取食寄主的13个非韧皮部指标和8个韧皮部指标,并对叶片刺吸孔进行显微观察。以无农药处理为对照（CK）。【结果】4种杀虫剂对Q型烟粉虱成虫的LC₂₅值为溴氰虫酰胺>吡蚜酮>吡虫啉>螺虫乙酯。在总记录时间8 h内,Q型烟粉虱成虫的取食在各处理中均产生非刺探波（np）、路径波（C）、电位下降波（pd）、韧皮部分泌唾液波（El）、韧皮部被动吸食波（E2）以及木质部主动吸食波（G）6种波形。在非韧皮部的np波次数上,溴氰虫酰胺处理的次数最多,其次是螺虫乙酯处理,两者间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但均显著高于CK和吡虫啉处理（P<0.05）。C波和G波总持续时间均为CK处理最长,溴氰虫酰胺处理最短,两处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。CK处理的pd波总持续时间显著长于4种杀虫剂处理（P<0.05）,其中螺虫乙酯处理最短,但4种杀虫剂处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。螺虫乙酯处理的F波总持续时间最长,吡虫啉处理最短,两者间差异显著（P<0.05）。CK处理韧皮部的E1波和E2波总持续时间分别为20.52和50.60 min,显著长于吡虫啉处理和溴氰虫酰胺处理对应波的总持续时间（P<0.05）,但E1波总持续时间与吡蚜酮和螺虫乙酯处理均差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】4种杀虫剂LC₂₅均引起Q型烟粉虱成虫的拒食行为,为研究烟粉虱或具刺吸式口器农业害虫对4类杀虫剂亚致死效应的拒食作用机理及防治提供了理论依据。

关键词: Q型烟粉虱, 内吸性杀虫剂, 亚致死浓度, 取食行为, 刺吸电位技术（EPG）

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of sub-lethal concentration imidacloprid, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, and cyantraniliprole on the feeding behavior of Q-type Bemisia tabaci adults on tomato seedlings, the feeding behaviors of insects were recorded by the thorn-suck potential technique electronic penetration graph (EPG) after treating with four insecticides LC₂₅ for 24 h.【Method】The Q-type B. tabaci adults that were not exposed to pesticides were used as test insects, and Fenyin No.3, the main tomato variety was employed as the test plant. These plants fed by whitefly were well managed in the lab with hydroponic condition for the experiment. The sub-lethal concentration LC₂₅ of four systemic insecticides was determined by bioassay. On this basis, 13 non-phloem and 8 phloem parameters of B. tabaci adults feeding host were monitored by EPG. Moreover, the leaf piercing suction holes were observed with microscopy. No pesticide treatment was set as control (CK).【Result】The rank of LC₂₅values of whitefly adult to four insecticides was cyantraniliprole>pymetrozine>imidacloprid>spirotetramat. Within 8 h monitoring of whitefly on plants, the six kinds of waveforms, including non-probing wave (np), pathway phase wave (C), potential drop wave (pd), phloem activities (waveform E: E1 and E2), and xylem activities wave (G), were occurred after the treatment of LC₂₅of each pesticide. The number of np wave in the cyantraniliprole treatment was largest in all treatments, followed by the spirotetramat treatment. There was no significant difference between the two above pesticides (P>0.05), but was significantly higher than that in CK and imidacloprid treatments (P<0.05). The total duration of C wave and G wave was longest in CK treatment and shortest in cyantraniliprole treatment, and there was significant difference between the two treatments (P<0.05). The total duration of pd wave was longest in CK treatment and shortest in spirotetramat, there was significant difference between the two treatments (P<0.05). The total duration of F wave was longest in spirotetramat and shortest in imidacloprid, and there was significant difference between the two treatments (P<0.05). The total duration of E1 wave and E2 wave was 20.52 and 50.60 min on the phloem of the CK treatment, respectively. There was significant difference with treatments of imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole in the two indicators (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference with pymetrozine and spirotetramat treatments in the total duration of E1 wave indicator (P>0.05).【Conclusion】The refusal effects on the feeding behavior of Q-type B. tabaci adults have been found by four insecticides with LC₂₅treatments. It provides a theoretical basis for the feeding refusal mechanism study of the sub-lethal effects of B. tabaci and piercing-sucking mouthparts pests on the four pesticides and pest control.

Key words: Q-type Bemisia tabaci, systemic insecticide, sub-lethal concentration, feeding behavior, electrical penetration graph (EPG)

何云川,王新谱,洪波,张婷婷,周雪飞,贾彦霞. 四种杀虫剂LC₂₅对Q型烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(2): 324-333.

HE YunChuan,WANG XinPu,HONG Bo,ZHANG TingTing,ZHOU XueFei,JIA YanXia. Effects of Four Insecticides LC₂₅ on Feeding Behavior of Q-Type Bemisia tabaci Adults[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(2): 324-333.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I2/324

图/表 6

表1

表2

4种杀虫剂LC25浓度下烟粉虱成虫取食非韧皮部的EPG参数（总记录时间为8 h）"

取食参数 Feeding parameter	np波的次数 Number of np	刺探次数 Number of probes	第一次刺探持续时间 Duration of 1st probe (min)	短暂刺吸次数 Number of short probes (C<3 min)	C波的总持续时间 Total duration of C (min)	pd波的次数 Number of pd	pd波的总持续时间 Total duration of pd (s)	G波的次数 Number of G	G波的总持续时间 Total duration of G (min)	F波的次数 Number of F	F波的总持续时间 Total duration of F (min)	第一次刺探开始时间 Time to 1st probe from start of EPG (min)	从第一次刺探开始至第一个pd波的时间 Time from the beginning of the 1st probe to 1st pd (min)
对照 Control	90.20±14.54bc	80.27±14.02ab	13.78±0.40a	70.13±12.91bc	190.12±26.01a	36.33±13.54a	158.36±106.20a	3.47±0.73a	14.31±3.40a	8.87±3.63bc	1.12±0.25b	26.34±15.86a	97.41±34.65c
吡虫啉 Imidacloprid	62.36±8.68c	60.37±8.65b	1.86±0.67a	46.29±7.53c	149.89±19.78ab	1.29±0.45b	5.52±2.19b	1.50±0.37b	3.55±1.95ab	0.93±0.25c	0.30±0.12c	8.46±3.13a	296.30±56.23a
吡蚜酮 Pymetrozine	114.93±12.30ab	100.33±11.38ab	6.82±0.94a	98.40±11.65ab	112.41±13.04bc	4.33±1.21b	11.57±7.37b	1.33±1.00b	0.19±0.12b	20.20±6.19a	1.04±0.16b	8.55±3.22a	240.79±50.94ab
螺虫乙酯 Spirotetramat	137.53±21.77a	110.87±19.84a	7.80±1.33a	115.07±21.21a	102.73±11.09bc	6.00±1.44b	4.88±1.27b	0.47±0.24b	9.94±9.37ab	24.07±3.33a	1.87±0.27a	7.44±4.04a	146.86±47.89bc
溴氰虫酰胺 Cyantraniliprole	138.87±19.03a	120.00±17.19a	0.88±0.20a	124.27±18.74a	72.30±7.12c	7.73±1.85b	7.28±2.05b	0.27±0.18b	0.14±0.12b	17.67±2.99ab	1.50±0.26ab	12.50±6.39a	145.53±42.81bc
F值 F value	4.021	2.558	0.773	4.321	7.479	5.238	1.978	4.538	1.889	5.815	6.722	0.932	2.93
P值 P value	0.0055	0.0462	0.5465	0.0035	0.0001	0.001	0.1075	0.0026	0.1222	0.0004	0.0001	0.4506	0.0268

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杀虫剂 Insecticide	斜率±标准误 Slope±SE	LC₂₅ 95%置信区间 95% CI (mg·L^-1)	LC₅₀ 95%置信区间 95% CI (mg·L^-1)	卡方值 χ² value	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	P值 P value
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	1.3883±0.1079	14.23 (11.62-17.42)	43.54 (37.37-50.74)	1.6857	0.9911	0.0010
溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole	1.0069±0.0563	27.52 (23.41-32.36)	100.46 (80.71-125.04)	0.4109	0.9953	0.0004
吡蚜酮Pymetrozine	1.1994±0.0964	24.52 (21.54-27.92)	114.67 (99.24-132.50)	1.0909	0.9905	0.0011
螺虫乙酯Spirotetramat	0.8104±0.0621	4.41 (3.11-6.25)	29.95 (23.69-37.86)	1.3893	0.9913	0.0010

取食参数 Feeding parameter	E1波的次数 Number of E1	E1波的总持续时间 Total duration of E1 (min)	E1波占总的E波的时间 Contribution of E1 to phloem phase (%)	E2波的次数 Number of E2	E2波的总持续时间 Total duration of E2 (min)	第一次韧皮部持续时间 Duration of 1st E (min)	E2波持续次数（超过10 min） Number of sustained E2 (longer than 10 min)	第一次刺探至第一次到达E波的时间 Time from 1st probe to 1st E (min)
对照Control	5.73±0.75a	20.52±5.26a	26.88±6.63b	5.13±0.71a	59.60±10.72a	24.19±7.30a	1.47±0.29a	118.39±19.51b
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	3.50±0.59b	0.81±0.25c	19.92±5.34b	3.14±0.55b	5.60±2.63c	0.64±0.14b	0.14±0.1b	130.31±44.94b
吡蚜酮Pymetrozine	3.33±1.01b	15.88±3.87ab	56.48±7.09a	2.40±0.63bc	21.32±6.70bc	12.00±5.17ab	0.73±0.25b	172.99±43.22ab
螺虫乙酯Spirotetramat	2.60±0.51b	24.77±7.20a	48.39±5.43a	2.20±0.39bc	24.62±5.52b	20.18±6.22a	0.73±0.18b	142.01±38.20ab
溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole	1.60±0.43b	5.57±1.99bc	45.70±7.87a	1.53±0.38c	9.20±3.92bc	10.75±3.88ab	0.33±0.19b	252.32±49.25a
F值 F value	4.915	4.939	5.674	6.442	10.535	2.772	5.622	1.789
P值 P value	0.0015	0.0015	0.0006	0.0002	0.0001	0.0354	0.0006	0.1391

处理 Treatment	叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	刺吸孔数（个） Number of sucking holes	刺吸孔直径 Piercing hole diameter (μm)
吡虫啉 Imidacloprid	299.71±14.18a	9.00±2.31b	76.78±8.02a
溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole	189.81±11.74c	11.00±3.79b	73.48±6.09a
吡蚜酮 Pymetrozine	270.10±24.18ab	7.67±0.88b	75.27±16.90a
螺虫乙酯 Spirotetramat	237.53±16.17bc	13.33±3.76b	72.16±12.49a
对照 Control	274.54±12.15ab	23.67±1.20a	71.78±7.06a
供试昆虫数量均为30只The number of tested insects is 30

四种杀虫剂LC₂₅对Q型烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响

Effects of Four Insecticides LC₂₅ on Feeding Behavior of Q-Type Bemisia tabaci Adults

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